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INDUSTRY.

A writer in our cotemporary, the Boston Cultivator, thus moralizes upon the results of industry :

Industry lays the foundation for happiness and usefulness. Behold the man who is always at work and who improves every moment as it passes; he is building a foundation for future happiness, broad and deep, that will last as long as he himself remains an inhabitant of earth. And he is not only securing happiness for himself, but he is teaching those around him by his example, that lasting happiness is derived from a life well spent, whose moments must be improved as they swiftly fly. Let us for a few moments wander back into the dim vista of the past, and review the lives of those who distinguished themselves as great, and discover if we can, what the most prominent trait of their character was. Were they noted for anything, more than they were for industry? and can we conceive of a closer relationship in any other trait? or can we recall any one of these men, for one moment, except it be a moment of great and eternal activity? Let their lives answer these questions. Was it not by industry that WASHINGTON was enabled to accomplish so much? Even when a child, he was noted for being very industrious, for he was up and at work before the sun made its appearance in the morning; and its setting rays found him still engaged at his always commendable employment; and we find him no less distinguished for being industrious, on the field of battle, than when a child; for when a general, he was always at his post, ready for any encounter at a moment's warning. Was it not industry that caused ALEXANDER and NAPOLEON to conquer so many nations? Was it not industry, inspired with ambition, it is true, that led them forward from one field of battle to another, until it was said of ALEXANDER, that he had conquered "all the then known world," and of NAPOLEON, that "he made his friends kings, and established and demolished thrones?" But let us follow time in its rapid flight, until we arrive at the present century, and in our own country, and we find the names of MANN and IRVING, printed in almost every paper, as men who have spent their lives in benefiting their fellow men. They are examples, worthy of study and imitation. Was it not by industry that they accomplished so much? But have we not referred to enough already to show that industry is a prominent trait in the character of those who have accomplished so much during their lives? As we look around us and behold the vast difference which is seen in the lives of those who are industrious and those who are not, let us teach all men to be industrious; not only by our words, but by our examples; for there is nothing that will more effectually recommend this quality to others than for us to teach it, and for them to see it, in our daily lives, for actions ever speak louder than words.

MOURNING WEALTH.

At the funeral of STEPHEN WHITNEY in New York recently, there was some capital represented. The pall-bearers were a "solid" set. Their names and supposed wealth are given, as follows:

Joseph Kernochan, President of Fulton Bank...

J. A. Stevens, President Bank of Commerce..

Benjamin L. Swann, retired merchant

James B. Murray, banker....

W. B. Crosby, retired merchant.

John D. Avery, doctor.....

Joseph Beers, retired merchant...

Thomas Suffren, retired merchant.

Total......

$2,000,000

700,000

1,300,000

1,000,000

800,000

500,000

500,000

1,500,000

$9,300,000

And, like the millionaire whose body they were following, not one farthing of their many millions will they be allowed to carry with them to the other

world.

A LARGE BREWERY,

One of the largest establishments of the kind in the world is the brewery of BARCLAY & PERKINS, situated in Southwark, London. This brewery was founded by Dr. JOHNSON's friend, HENRY THRALE, who, in 1773 (according to the statement made by the doctor in his "Hebridian Tour,") was paying as much as $100,000 annually to the excise department. After THRALE's death the executor sold it (for $685,000) to BARCLAY, a descendant of the author of the "Apology of the Quakers," and PERKINS, who had been THRALE's chief clerk. Since that time the business has assumed vast proportions, as the following statistics will show :-The buildings cover upwards of ten acres; two steam engines, equal to 75-horse power, are required to work the machinery; there are 24 malt bins, each equal in size to an ordinary three-story house; and Westminster Hall is not much larger than the great brewing room. More than 100,000 gallons of water are used daily, and 2,000 quarters of malt weekly. Ten brewing coppers have an aggregate capacity of 120.000 gallons; there are four fermenting vessels, each capable of holding 1,500 barrels of beer. The cooling floor has a surface of more than 1,000 square yards; 300 vessels, of 309 gallons each, are used in the working off of the yeast from the beer, which is stored in 150 vats, the longest of which holds 108,000 gallons, and the average gives 30,000 gallons each. Two hundred horses and drays are employed in distributing the beer to London retailers.

CORRECT SENTIMENT.

The sentiments which follow are worthy to be placed in every house and engraved on every heart:

Nothing is more certain, yet few things less thought of, than the mutations of poverty. Of this education is the great cause. I will venture to declare that youths, educated with expectations of possessing great wealth, or suffered even to suppose they are to inherit it, imbibe exactly those principles, notions, and opinions, which prevent their keeping it. On the contrary, the hardihood of poverty, and those enterprising and scheming habits which are acquired in indigence, will inevitably lead to wealth and probably to power. I will assert, with prospective certainty, that the children of these youths whom I now see swelling with inflations of the pride of wealth, will, in their day, be found in the haunts of wretchedness, while the offspring of many an industrious, smutty-faced apprentice boy will be blazing in the tinseled trappings of fortune.

VALUE OF TIME.

Who is there that does not waste, absolutely throw away, one or two hours every day? Our great concern appears to be to kill time--to get over hours, days, weeks, months, years, as rapidly as possible, without bestowing a thought on the shortness of life, and the imperative necessity of prompt, wakeful, and vigorous action, in order that we may accomplish the end of our being-usefulness here and happiness hereafter. We forget that a moment lost, is lost forever-that there is no recalling of time. We lose sight of the important fact, that the mind cannot remain stationary-it must either advance or retrograde. Two hours lost each day, would make nearly two months in a year-yet who would be willing to throw away so large an amount of time? Think et it, reader, long and seriously.

THE BOOK TRADE.

1.-A Knowledge of Living Things.

By A. N. BELL, A. M., M. D., late P. A. Surgeon U. S. Navy, etc. 12mo., pp. 318. New York: Bailliere Brothers. This is an unusually well named and artistical volume, beautifully embellished by colored plates and numerous wood cuts illustrative of its title.

The importance of an acquaintance with the fundamental principles of physiology, as being essentially necessary for the preservation of health and the promotion of life, is universally acknowledged. Yet there is scarcely a household to be found in which there are not individuals affected with diseases which would be wholly avoided if due regard were paid to the elementary conditions of life which pertain to every living thing. While people have not failed to appreciate the necessity of obtaining this essential knowledge for the preservation of life, they have generally so far mistaken the means as to aggravate, rather than remove, the difficulty. Heretofore amateur readers and teachers have sought the means in special physiology, or that physiology which is based upon an anatomical knowledge of the human frame, and numerous epitomes of human physiology have been compiled for this purpose. Well does the author of the book before us compare all such efforts with the endeavor to study reading without knowing the letters. For if such a system were carried out in relation to the other sciences, we should soon find the elemen's of moral science and natural theology dismissed, and abstracts of tomes on divinity in their stead. "Not only the comfort, health. and degree of civilization, but the very existence of man, depends upon the state of the earth, the atmosphere of the earth, the climate of the earth, and the productions of the earth. Man is placed in a system where all the changes produced in other objects occur according to a relation existing among the substances changed, and his own organic constitution participates in all these things that surround him. To understand these conditions of our existence it is necessary to begin at the very germ of organization and pursue the changes that take place in the nearest approximation to the inorganic material of the universe."

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Starting with living things in their simplest aspect, each succeeding series is described with a familiarity which renders every new feature more and more attractive, until at last the whole culminates in the consummation of organic de velopment-the erect stature and expressive countenance of Man." "Food," Food plants," "Quantity end Sources of Food,"Health of Potatoes," etc., etc., are subjects of deep interest, and treated of in an instructive manner. deed, the whole tenor of the book indicates a mind familiar with the conditions of health and life in their most extensive relations. And the attractive manner in which this knowledge is presented, commends the plan pursued by the author as being in strict conformity with all other branches of scientific pursuit, and admirably adapted to academic instruction, as well as for the easy comprehension of the reader.

2.-Notes on Nursing. By FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE. New York: D. Appleton & Co.

Is a practical little 12mo., which should be read by everybody, for it contains essential knowledge of such things as are at some period of life likely to be profitable to any one who would know how to impart comfort. Nor is this all: the notes on Ventilation and Warming," "Health of Houses," "Light," "Food," etc., are no less useful to those who would maintain health, than to those who would regain it, where it has been lost in consequence of insufficient attention to these things. The book pretends not to be "a rule of thought by which nurses can teach themselves to nurse, or a manual to teach nurses to nurse;" yet it is more than this-it informs them on those conditions of health and life which, if neglected, usually result in sickness.

3.-The History of the United States of America, from the Discovery of the Continent to the Close of the Session of the Thirty fifth Congress. By J. H. PATTON, A. M. 1 vol., royal 8vo., pp. 800. New York: D. Appleton & Co. Elaborate histories of the United States have been ably written; compends or school histories, and well adapted to the place they are designed to fill, are numerous. Between these compends and the works extending to six or more volumes, there is room, the author believes, as well as necessity, for a history that shall be sufficiently elaborate to trace the direct influences that have a power in moulding the character of the nation and its institutions, moral and political. Interspersed will be found superb portraits of such men as The Chief," Washington, Patrick Henry, Thos. Jefferson, Alex. Hamilton, Calhoun, Webster, and many others. In the main, it will be found a succinct, well written, and comprehensive history of our country, and separate from its party bias, is deserving of all praise.

4.-Doctor Oldham at Greystones, and his Talk There. 12mo., pp. 342. New York: D. Appleton & Co.

We have in this book the table-talk of a garrulous personage, styling himself Dr. Oldham, embracing in its range almost everything-cosmogony, theology, woman's rights, housewifery, etc. The doctor's is one of those sapient minds which finds a tale in almost everything, and though at times somewhat tedious, is by no means given to false reasoning and extravagant statement; on the contrary, things which at first glance seem to be mere facts, dead and barren, under his amusing yet wise treatment become living, seminal, and fruitful, and exhibit Dr. Oldham, not only as an amusing critic and ingenious reasoner, but a keen observer of human nature, who turns the minutest things to profit.

5.-The Marble Faun; or the Romance of Monte Beni. By NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE, author of "The Scarlet Letter," etc., etc. 2 vols, 12mo. Boston: Ticknor & Fields.

The author of this romance has been favorably known to the public for some time. The materials for the work were gathered in Italy during a long sojourn there, and appear to partake largely of the picturesqueness, mystery, and gloomy shadows so long hanging over that sunny land. Its style is marked by harmony and beauty of expression, if we judge from the first volume; but, as we never have received the second, the book leaves on our mind the impression of incompleteness that renders us incapable of judging fully of its merits.

6.- Benton's Abridgement of the Debates in Congress from 1789 to 1856. Vol. xiii., royal 8vo., pp. 803. New York: D. Appleton & Co.

The present volume of this very valuable digest comprises the debates between December, 1835, and March, 1839. Although the mind which planned and presided over the compilation of the earlier portions of the work has been removed from its supervision, the later issues exhibit the same evidences of careful preparation. From the space covered by the present volume, it may be inferred that the work will soon be brought to a termination.

7.-The Barefooted Maiden. A Tale by BERTHOLD AUERBACH. Translated from the German by ELIZA BUCKMINSTER LEE. Illustrated. 12mo., pp. 268. Boston James Munroe & Co.

Is one of the most exquisitely written little sketches of every-day life, embodying simplicity, morality, and sentiment with the fanciful, that we have read for a long time, and though intended for children and youth, will deeply interest even older heads, filled, as it is, with the glow of feeling, and sparkling as a dew drop.

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CONTENTS OF NO. VI., VOL. XLII.

ARTICLES.

ART.

I. CHANGE IN THE FRENCH COMMERCIAL POLICY..............
II. MICHIGAN: ITS PROGRESS, MINES, AND MANUFACTURES..
III. MONEY, THE CREDIT SYSTEM, AND PAYMENTS..............

PAGE

659

671

684

IV. COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL CITIES OF THE UNITED STATES. No. LXXVI. FORT WAYNE INDIANA. Situation of Fort Wayne-Early Explorers-Summit Level-Water Shed-Extent of Navigation-Confluence of Rivers-First Sale-Government Survey-Canals- Traders-Railroads - Population-Valuation-Fur TradeOrigin and Extent-American Fur Company - Wheat and Flour-Wheat ShipmentsMills-Stores-Dry Goods-Hardware-Drugs-Clothing Manufacture-Employment of Women-Value Made-Barrels-Building Materials-Boots and Shoes-Woolen Mill-Wool on Shares-Local Goods Used for Clothing-Effect on Eastern Traffic-Future of Fort Wayne.

.....

JOURNAL OF MERCANTILE LAW.

Libel on a Bill of Lading....

COMMERCIAL CHRONICLE AND REVIEW.

General Abundance of Capital-No Speculation-Large Means from the South-Change in Business with the West-Manufactures-Local Resources-Effect on Trade-Cotton-Exports-Supply of Bills-Discount Movement in England-Operations of the Discount Houses -Deposits and Loans-Panic of 1857-Rule of the Bank-Government Permit-Dissatisfaction - Withdrawal of Notes-Rise in Interest-Uneasiness-Return of the Notes-Effect on Cotton-Distrust of Bills-Shipments of Specie-Return of Ease-Large Crop-Elements of a Large Demand-American Interests-Rates of Money-Sterling Bills-Specie Movement-Change in California Bills -Pony Express-Assay-Office-Mint-New Discoveries of Silver-Effect on the Market-Gold Necessarily Exported-Money of Itself of no ValueOnly Wanted for Circulation -Seeks the Richest Country-Returns when Business Revives -For Circulation-Imports.....

697

703

705-712

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