Synoptical view of infantry ammunition supply. Carried. Rounds. Place on the Place in an engagement. Replaced. From battalion ammunition wagons. With the light Near the troops. By wagons of troops train. not engaged, or from infantry sections of ammunition column. First half replaced by second half; the latter from ordnance train. Total, 270 per man, full strength. 359. Cavalry should carry the same amount of ammunition as infantry. When an engagement is imminent or when the ammunition wagons are to be left behind, additional cartridges are carried on the person, on the saddle, or in the saddlebags. When conditions are unfavorable for wheel transportation the rifle ammunition for cavalry divisions should be carried by pack trains. If their ammunition should be exhausted during an engagement, cavalry will resort to the nearest infantry ammunition wagons or sections of the ammunition column. A reserve of revolver cartridges is carried in the ammunition wagons of the cavalry and also of the infantry. The expenditure of explosives by cavalry and engineers will be replaced from the wagons with the corps bridge train. FOR ARTILLERY. 360. When the fighting battery goes into action each piece is supplied from its own caisson. With the fighting battery are two additional caissons from which the other caissons are replenished. The ammunition of the caisson limbers is also available for this purpose. This replenishment is ordinarily effected by the cannoneers during lulls in the action. The ammunition in the gun limbers should be kept intact as a last reserve, and, whenever used, should be replaced as soon as practicable. Caissons from the reserve replace empty caissons of the fighting battery. Empty caissons are either refilled from the limbers of the reserve caissons or else sent to the ammunition column to be refilled. If necessary, caissons from the ammunition column may be sent direct to the fighting battery. Horse batteries in a cavalry action, when necessary, draw ammunition from the limbers; the ammunition so used should be replaced as soon as practicable. Position during Under cover to a Part approaches Replaced. From reserve cais sons, or from caissons of the fighting battery. Reserve caissons replace caissons of the fighting battery. Empty caissons are refilled from limbers of reserve caissons, or from ammunition column. In rare cases caissons go direct from ammunition column to the fighting battery. From ordnance trains, which should be started toward the front from magazines when action is contemplated. ARTICLE VIII. SUBSISTENCE. GENERAL PRINCIPLES. 361. The subsistence of an army in the field, especially when in motion, is a difficult problem, the complete solution of which requires favorable conditions, such as success in the military operations, a suitable system of supply, ample communications with uninterrupted use of the same, and intelligent and energetic action on the part of the responsible officers. 362. During active operations troops should not expect to receive complete rations at all times. There will be losses and suffering in battle, severe exertions and great fatigue on marches, and irregularity and reduction in rations. Not all of the swiftly changing conditions can be foreseen; consequently, occasional failure in the most careful arrangements is unavoidable. 363. Troops may be subsisted on the supplies carried with the command, or through direct requisitions and foraging, or from depots. The method of subsistence will be ordered by the commanding general, according to circumstances. 364. In campaign it is the duty of commanding officers and of the proper staff officers to provide regular and ample supplies of food for the men and animals of the command. In cases of emergency the commanding officer will resort to independent measures promising quick results. 365. The arrangements for subsistence may be considered good when military operations are not hampered by lack of food, and when the amount of transportation is kept down to a minimum. The constant endeavor should be to maintain a full supply of the rations carried with the troops, whether on the person, in the regimental trains, or in the supply columns. To accomplish this it will generally be necessary to utilize the food, and still more so the forage, available in the country through which the army is marching. In the case of a long line of communications through a country devoid of railroads or waterways, seizure of food supplies becomes inevitable. 366. When the local supplies are insufficient to subsist the troops, which will generally be the case, use will, if possible, be made of railroads, canals, and rivers to furnish supplies direct to the regimental trains; otherwise the troops will have to live on depots or on the supply columns which are replenished by shipments from the rear. FIELD RATION. 367. The field ration a consists of Meat: Fresh beef or mutton, 20 ounces; or canned meat, 16 ounces; or bacon, 12 ounces. Bread: Flour or soft bread, 18 ounces; or hard bread, 16 ounces. Baking powder, 0.64 ounce; or hops, 0.02 ounce; or compressed yeast, 0.04 ounce. Vegetables: Beans, 2.4 ounces; or rice, 1.6 ounces. Pota toes, 16 ounces; or potatoes, 12.8 ounces, and onions, 3.2 ounces; or desiccated potatoes, 2.4 ounces; or desiccated potatoes, 1.92 ounces, and desiccated onions, 0.48 ounce; or desiccated potatoes, 1.92 ounces, and canned tomatoes, 3.2 ounces. Fruit: Jam, 1.4 ounces. Coffee: Coffee, roasted and ground, 1.28 ounces; or tea, 0.32 ounce. Sugar: 3.2 ounces. Seasoning: Vinegar, 0.32 gill; or vinegar, 0.16 gill, and cucumber pickle, 0.16 gill. Salt, 0.64 ounce. Pepper, 0.04 ounce. Soap: 0.64 ounce. Candles: 0.24 ounce. The simplest efficient ration consists of bacon, hard bread, coffee, and sugar, as authorized in the field ration. TRAVEL RATION. 368. Soft bread, 18 ounces; or hard bread, 16 ounces; canned corned beef, or corned-beef hash, 12 ounces; baked beans, 4 ounces; canned tomatoes, 8 ounces; coffee, roasted and ground, 1.28 ounces; sugar, 2.4 ounces. a Fresh beef, potatoes, and onions are issued in the field only when procurable locally. EMERGENCY RATION. 369. The emergency ration is prepared under direction of the War Department, and is put up in hermetically sealed tins. MODIFICATION OF THE RATION AND EXTRA ISSUES. 370. The ration is established in Army Regulations and can be modified only by orders from the War Department. When very cold weather or great hardships are expected, authority for a change or increase of the ration should be obtained in advance, if deemed necessary. If the state of supplies warrant it, the commander in chief of an army in the field may, after successful operations involving great exertions, order a temporary increase of the ration to expedite recuperation of the troops. When the rations carried by soldiers are unavoidably lost or damaged, extra issues may be ordered by the commanding general. RATIONS CARRIED BY A COMMAND. 371. The rations of a command are carried in the packs, haversacks, or saddlebags, in the regimental trains and in the supply columns. The number of rations carried will vary greatly, depending upon the proximity of depots, the amount of transportation available, and the supplies to be found in the country. The following may be assumed as the minimum: On the man or horse: 1 emergency ration and 1 field ration. In the supply columns: 3 field rations. Total: Rations for seven days. Leaving the tentage behind and using only the simplest efficient ration, the same transportation will carry subsistence for fifteen days without difficulty. METHODS OF SUBSISTING. 372. On the country.-As a general rule, soldiers will be required to cook their own food. Even when billeted in private houses no assistance will be demanded except pursuant to personal agreement. Cooking and baking facilities may, however, be utilized, care being taken not to interfere with the subsistence of families. |