that the details from those branches of the staff for service in that Territory were as large as could at that time be made with a proper regard to the wants of the service in other quarters; and it was believed that the three topographical officers then in California, and not attached to the boundary commission, would be sufficient for the reconnoissance contemplated in general orders No. 49 of 1848. It is still thought that this number of officers, properly distributed, will fulfil the requirements of your letter on this subject; at least, they are as many as can at this time be spared from other pressing duties. In consequence of the death of Captain Warner, another officer of that corps has been ordered to report to you. Instructions have also been given for two additional medical officers to repair to your headquarters for service in California.

It having been determined to relieve Brevet Major Emory from duty with the boundary commission, the necessary orders will be given for such relief, to take effect as soon as that officer shall have completed his calculations of the survey of the line between the Pacific and the junction of the Colorado and Gila rivers, so as to obtain the action of the commission thereon, when he will turn over the command of the escort to the senior officer of the line with it. Brevet Major Emory will be replaced in his'duties with the commission by Brevet Lieutenant Colonel McClellan, of the same corps.

I transmit herewith a copy of my letter to you of the 28th ultimo, on the subject of the disposition to be made of the civil funds in your hands. Very respectfully, your obedient servant,

HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE West,

Ciudad de los Angeles, U. California, January 14, 1847.

SIR: This morning, Lieutenant Colonel Frémont, of the regiment of mounted riflemen, reached here with 400 volunteers from the Sacramento. The enemy capitulated with him yesterday, near San Fernando, agreeing to lay down their arms; and we have now the prospect of having peace and quietness in this country, which I hope may not be interrupted again.

I have not yet received any information of the troops which were to come from New York, nor of those to follow me from New Mexico, but presume they will be here before long. On their arrival, I shall, agreeably to the instructions of the President of the United States, have the management of affairs in this country, and will endeavor to carry out his views in relation to it.

Very respectfully, your obedient servant,

Brigadier General R. JONES,

S. W. KEARNY, Brigadier General.

Adjutant General United States Army.

HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE WEST,

Ciudad de los Angeles, January 16, 1847.

SIR: I enclose herewith a copy of two communications of this date: one from myself to Commodore R. F. Stockton, United States navy, on the subject of forming a civil government for California; the other, his reply to the same.

Very respectfully, your obedient servant,

Brigadier General R. JONES,

S. W. KEARNY, Brigadier General.

Adjutant General United States Army, Washington.

HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE WEST,

Ciudad de los Angeles, January 16, 1847. SIR: I am informed that you are now engaged in organizing a civil government, and appointing officers for it in this Territory. As this duty has been specially assigned to myself by orders of the President of the United States, conveyed in letters to me from the Secretary of War of June 3 and 18, 1846-the originals of which I gave to you on the 12th instant, which you returned to me on the 13th, and copies of which I furnished you with on the 24th December-I have to ask if you have any authority from the President, from the Secretary of the Navy, or from any other channel of the President, to form such government and make such appointments?

If you have such authority, and will show it to me, or furnish me with a certified copy of it, I wiil cheerfully acquiesce in what you are doing. If you have not such authority, I then demand that you cease all further proceeding relating to the formation of a civil government for this Territory, as I cannot recognise in you any right in assuming to perform duties confided to me by the President.

Very respectfully, your obedient servant,

S. W. KEARNY, Brigadier General U. S. A. Commodore R. F. STOCKTON,

United States Navy, Acting Governor of California.

A true copy:

A. S. TURNER, Captain Dragoons.

HEADQUARTERS, CIUDAD DE LOS ANGELES, Junuary 16, 1847. SIR: In answer to your note, received this afternoon, I need say but little more than that which I communicated to you in a conversation at San Diego-that California was conquered and a civil government put into successful operation; that a copy of the laws made by me for the government of the Territory, and the names of the officers selected to see them faithfully executed, were transmitted to the President of the United States before your arrival in the Territory.

I will only add that I cannot do anything, nor desist from doing anything, nor alter anything, on your demand-which I will submit to the President, and ask for your recall. In the mean time, you will consider yourself suspended from the command of the United States forces in this place.

Faithfully, your obedient servant,

R. F. STOCKTON,

Brevet Brigadier General S. W. KEARNY.

A true copy:

Commander-in-chief.

A. S. TURNER, Captain Dragoons.

HEADQUARTERS 10TH MILITARY DEPARTMENT, Monterey, California, March 15, 1847. SIR: As the ship Savannah is getting ready to leave here for New York, I avail myself of the opportunity to write by her.

Accompanied by Captain Turner, 1st dragoons, and Lieutenant Warner, topographical engineers, I left San Diego on the 31st January, as I informed you I should do in my letter of the day previous; and reaching this post on the 8th of February, I was much gratified in finding the ship Independence, with Commodore Shubrick, and the ship Lexington, which had brought out Captain Tompkins's company 3d artillery.

On my showing to Commodore Shubrick my instructions from the War Department of June 3d and 18th, 1846, he was at once prepared to pay all proper respect to them; and, being at that time the commander-inchief of the naval forces on this station, he acknowledged me as the head and commander of the troops in California, which Commodore Stockton and Lieutenant Colonel Fremont had hitherto refused. He then showed me the instructions to Commodore Sloat of July 12, from the Navy Department, received by the Lexington at Valparaiso on the 2d December, and which he had brought with him from there; and as they contained directions for Commodore Sloat to take charge of the civil affairs in California, I immediately told Commodore Shubrick that I cheerfully acquiesced, and was ready to afford him any assistance in my power. agreed upon our separate duties, and I then went to the bay of San Francisco, taking with me Lieutenant Halleck, of the engineers, besides Cap. tain Turner and Lieutenant Warner, when was made a reconnoissance of the bay, with a view to the selection of sites for fortifications, for the protection of the shipping in the harbor, and security of the land forces.

We

Colonel Mason, 1st dragoons, arrived at the bay February 12, with letters and instructions to me from Washington as late as November 5; and was accompanied by Lieutenant Watson, of the navy, with instructions to Commodore Shubrick. On my return here, and on my showing to Commodore S. my instructions, and seeing his, we deemed it advisable to inform the people in California at once of the President's instructions to us; and we jointly issued a circular on the 1st of March; and I, with his approval and that of Commodore Biddle, (who arrived on the 2d,) issued a proclamation on the 4th, (dated the 1st,) a copy of which papers in print is enclosed herewith.

Upon Commodore Biddle's arrival I had a full understanding with him relating to our duties; and I take pleasure here to acknowledge the great courtesy I have received from both these gentlemen, and to add that, so long as either continues in the command of the naval forces on this station, there is no possibility of any other than a cordial and harmonious co operation between us.

On the 2d instant I sent Captain Turner to the Ciudad de los Angeles, carrying with him department orders No. 2, and my letter to Lieutenant Colonel Fremont, both of March 1, a copy of which is enclosed. I have not heard of his arrival there.

On the 5th instant Colonel Stevenson, with three companies of his regiment, (the 7th New York volunteers,) arrived at the bay of San Francisco; on learning which, I issued orders No. 4, a copy of which is enclosed. The heavy ordnance and stores brought out by that regiment. will be landed at San Francisco, and be protected by the command to be stationed there; that brought out by the Lexington is still on board of. her in this harbor, as at present there is no place on shore where I am willing to trust it.

From the large amount of ordnance and stores sent to California by the department, I presume the territory will never be restored to Mexico; and it should not be. Should it be restored, Mexico could not possibly hold it three months. The people in the Territory (Californians as well as emigrants) would resist Mexican authority, and then would foliow dissensions, quarrels, and fighting between them, till humanity would compel our government to interpose a strong arm to put a stop to such civil war, and to take the country again under her protection.

The Californians are now quiet, and I shall endeavor to keep them so by mild and gentle treatment. Had they received such treatment from the time our flag was hoisted here, in July last, I believe there would have been but little or no resistance on their part. They have been most cruelly and shamefully abused by our own people-by the volunteers (American emigrants) raised in this part of the country and on the Sacramento. Had they not resisted, they would have been unworthy the name of men. If the people remain quiet, and California continues under our flag, it will ere long be a bright star in our Union. The climate is pure and healthy-physicians meeting with no encouragement, as its inhabitants are never sick; the soil is rich, and there is much unsettled land that will admit of a dense population. California, with Oregon, is destined to supplant the Sandwich islands, and will furnish our 600 whaling vessels, and our 20,000 sailors in them, besides our navy and our troops, with their breadstuffs and most of the other articles they are

to consume.

At present the population is small, most probably not exceeding 12,000, of which about one fifth are emigrants. A very few years will add greatly to the latter class. Besides, there are about 15,000 Indians, nearly one-third being called Christian Indians, who speak the Spanish language; the remainder are the wild Indians, who live in the mountains, and subsist in a great measure on the horses and cattle they steal from the farms. The Christian Indians are the laborers and servants of the country, and are held, if not in bondage like our own slaves, at least very much like it.

For the preservation of the peace and quiet now so happily existing in California, and to protect the people from the Indians depredating on them, there should be kept in the Territory, for some years to come, about 1,000 soldiers; they should be enlisted expressly to serve here, as I suggested in my letter to you of the 16th September last. We can get no recruits here.

The bays of San Francisco, Monterey, and Diego afford excellent harbors, and they should be protected by permanent fortifications. I have directed the old Spanish fort at the entrance of the bay of San Francisco to be put in good order, and guns to be mounted there; it will be a barbette battery. Its position is a highly important one, as no vessel can enter without passing under its guns, the distance from it to the opposite shore being less than one mile; the work will cost but a few thousand dollars. There are other places in the bay where extensive fortifications should be erected, and which will cost much money; these will not be commenced till an appropriation is made, or orders received for it. The subject will be fully presented to you after the engineer officers have made a careful examination and report upon it.

I have not heard of Colonel Price and his Missouri regiment since I eft New Mexico, and presume he must have passed the winter there. I, of course, cannot know if he intends this spring to avail himself of the authority to come here which I gave him on the 2d of October last, a copy of which I furnished you.

I have to acknowledge the receipt by Colonel Mason of the following papeis :

Letters from Secretary of War to General Kearny, September 12, with papers referred to.

Letter from Secretary of War to Colonel Stevenson, September 11. Letter from Secretary of War to Colonel Stevenson, September 15. Letter from General-in chief to General Kearny, November 3. Letter from Adjutant General to General Kearny, November 4. Letter from Secretary of Navy to Commodore Shubrick, August 17. Letter from Secretary of Navy to Commodore Stockton, November 5. Circular of Secretary of War of October 15, and "general orders" Nos. 34, 43, 45, 48, 49.

Agreeably to directions in yours of November 4, I have numbered this letter 7 of this year: mine to you of January 12th would be No. 1 ; January 14, No. 2; January 16, No. 3; January 17, No. 4; January 23, No. 5; January 30, No. 6.

I enclose a copy of the rough notes of the journal of our march from New Mexico to California, kept by my ate aid-de-camp, Captain Johnston, 1st dragoons. When I receive the journal of the Mormon battalion, I will forward it to you. Lieutenant Emory, of the topographical engi