SECTION 14. Adjournments. Neither house shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other place than that in which they may be sitting. SECTION 15. Bills. Bills may originate in either house, and may be amended, altered, or rejected by the other; and every bill having passed both houses, shall be signed by the speaker and the president of their respective houses. SECTION 16. Approval. Every bill which shall have passed the general assembly, shall, before it becomes a law, be presented to the governor. If he approve, he shall sign it; but if not, he shall return it, with his objections, to the house in which it originated, which shall enter the same upon their journal, and proceed to reconsider it; if, after such reconsideration, it again pass both houses, by yeas and nays, by a majority of two-thirds of the members of each house, it shall become a law, notwithstanding the governor's objections. If any bill shall not be returned within three days after it shall have been presented to him (Sunday excepted), the same shall be a law in like manner as if he had signed it, unless the general assembly by adjournment, prevent such return. Any bill submitted to the governor for his approval during the last three days of a session of the general assembly, shall be deposited by him in the office of the secretary of state within thirty days after the adjournment, with his approval, if approved by him, and with his objections, if he disapproves thereof. SECTION 17. Majority Vote. No bill shall be passed unless by the assent of a majority of all the members elected to each branch of the general assembly, and the question upon the final passage shall be taken immediately upon its last reading, and the yeas and nays entered on the journal. SECTION 18. Receipts and Expenditures. An accurate statement of the receipts and expenditures of the public money shall be attached to and published with the laws at every regular session of the general assembly. SECTION 19. Impeachment. The house of representatives shall have the sole power of impeachment, and all impeachments shall be tried by the senate. When sitting for that purpose, the senators shall be upon oath or affirmation; and no person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two-thirds of the members present. SECTION 20. Who Liable To; Judgment. The governor, judges of the supreme and district courts, and other state officers, shall be liable to impeachment for any misdemeanor or malfeasance in office, but judgment in such cases shall extend only to removal from office, and disqualification to hold any office of honor, trust, or profit under this state; but the party convicted or acquitted shall nevertheless be liable to indictment, trial and punishment according to law. All other civil officers shall be tried for misdemeanors and malfeasance in office, in such manner as the general assembly may provide. SECTION 21. Members Not Appointed to Office. No senator or representative shall, during the time for which he shall have been elected, be appointed to any civil office of profit under this state, which shall have been created, or the emoluments of which shall have been increased during such term, except such offices as may be filled by elections by the people. SECTION 22. Disqualification. No person holding any lucrative office under the United States, or this state, or any other power, shall be eligible to hold a seat in the general assembly. But offices in the militia, to which there is attached no annual salary, or the office of justice of the peace, or postmaster, whose compensation does not exceed one hundred dollars per annum, or notary public, Ishall not be deemed lucrative. SECTION 23. Failure to Account. No person who may hereafter be a collector or holder of public moneys, shall have a seat in either house of the general assembly, or be eligible to hold any office of trust or profit in this state, until he shall have accounted for and paid into the treasury all sums for which he may be liable. SECTION 24. Money Drawn. No money shall be drawn from the treasury but in consequence of appropriations made by law. SECTION 25. Compensation of Members. Each member of the first general assembly under this constitution shall receive three dollars per diem while in session; and the further sum of three dollars for every twenty miles traveled in going to and returning from the place where such session is held, by the nearest traveled route; after which they shall receive such compensation as shall be fixed by law; but no general assembly shall have the power to increase the compensation of its members. And when convened in extra session they shall receive the same mileage and per diem compensation as fixed by law for the regular session, and none other. SECTION 26. Laws, When to Take Effect; Publication. No law of the general assembly, passed at a regular session, of a public nature, shall take effect until the fourth day of July next, after the passage thereof. Laws passed at a special session shall take effect ninety days after the adjournment of the general assembly by which they were passed. If the general assembly shall deem any law of immediate importance, they may provide that the same shall take effect by publication in newspapers in the state. SECTION 27. Divorce. No divorce shall be granted by the general assembly. SECTION 28. Lotteries. No lottery shall be authorized by this state; nor shall the sale of lottery tickets be allowed. SECTION 29. Acts; One Subject; Expressed in Title. Every act shall embrace but one subject, and matters properly connected therewith; which subject shall be expressed in the title. But if any subject shall be embraced in an act which shall not be expressed in the title, such act shall be void only as to so much thereof as shall not be expressed in the title. SECTION 30. Local or Special Laws. The general assembly shall not pass local or special laws in the following cases: For the assessment and collection of taxes for state, county, or road purposes; For laying out, opening, and working roads or highways; For changing the names of persons; For the incorporation of cities and towns; For vacating roads, town plats, streets, alleys, or public squares; For locating or changing county seats. Laws General and Uniform; Boundaries of Counties. In all the cases above enumerated, and in all other cases where a general law can be made applicable, all laws shall be general, and of uniform operation throughout the state; and no law changing the boundary lines of any county shall have effect until upon being submitted to the people of the counties affected by the change, at a general election, it shall be approved by a majority of the votes in each county, cast for and against it. SECTION 31. Extra Compensation. No extra compensation shall be made to any officer, public agent, or contractor, after the service shall have been rendered, or the contract entered into; nor shall any money be paid on any claim, the subject-matter of which shall not have been provided for by pre-existing laws, and no public money or property shall be appropriated for local or private purposes, unless such appropriation, compensation, or claim be allowed by two-thirds of the members elected to each branch of the general assembly. SECTION 32. Oath of Members. Members of the general assembly shall, before they enter upon the duties of their respective offices, take and subscribe the following oath or affirmation: "I do solemnly swear (or affirm, as the case may be) that I will support the constitution of the United States, and the constitution of the state of Iowa, and that I will faithfully discharge the duties of senator (or representative, as the case may be), according to the best of my ability." And members of the general assembly are hereby empowered to administer to each other the said oath or affirmation. SECTION 33. Census. The general assembly shall, in the years one thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, one thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, one thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, one thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, and one thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, and every ten years thereafter, cause an enumeration to be made of all the inhabitants of the state. [By proper legislative action (11 G. A., chap. 98, and 12 G. A., joint res. No. XI), a proposed amendment striking the word "white" from this section, as it originally stood, was submitted to the electors at the general election of 1868 and adopted.] The senate SECTION 34. Senators; Number; Apportionment. shall be composed of fifty members to be elected from the several senatorial districts, established by law and at the next session of the general assembly held following the taking of the state and national census, they shall be apportioned among the several counties or districts of the state, according to population as shown by the last preceding census. SECTION 35. Representatives; Number; Apportionment; Districts. The house of representatives shall consist of not more than one |