Number of pupils: Pupils in public schools for boys, 881,401; pupils in public schools for girls, 664,419-total number of pupils in public schools, 1,545,820. Pupils in private schools for boys, 79,116; pupils in private schools for girls, 98,071-total number of pupils in private schools, 177,187; total number of pupils in primary schools, 1,723,007.

Number of teachers: Male teachers in public schools, 19,126; female teachers in public schools, 15,183-total number of teachers in public schools, 34,509. Male teachers in private schools, 4,086; female teachers in private schools, 5,028-total number of teachers in private schools, 9,114; total number of teachers in primary schools, 43,433. Total expenditure for primary instruction, $4,130,690.20, gold, distributed in the following manner: Central government, $37,510.80; provinces, $28,194.20; municipalities, $3,939,231.60; various sources, $125,753.60. Number of government normal schools, 48; number of provincial and municipal normal schools, 55-total number of normal schools, 103.

Secondary instruction.-Number of lyceums, 79; number of gymnasia, 104; number of technical schools, 62; schools for girls, 138-total number of secondary schools, 383. Students in lyceums, 4,228; students in gymnasia, 8,462; students in technical schools, 6,162-total number of students in secondary schools for males, 18,852.

Superior instruction.-Italy possesses 21 universities-Bologna, Cagliari, Camerino, Catania, Ferrara, Genoa, Macerata, Messina, Modena, Naples, Padua, Palermo, Parma, Pavia, Perugia, Pisa, Rome, Sassari, Siena, Turin, Urbino.

Special instruction.-Royal institution for higher technical studies at Florence, 214 students; academy of sciences and literature at Milan, 26 students; royal school of engineering at Turin, 173 students; royal higher technical school at Milan, 209 stu

derts; royal school of engineering at Naples, 185 students; superior normal school at Pisa, 41 students; three schools of veterinary surgery, (Milan, Turin, Naples,) 235 students; royal superior school of agriculture at Milan, 52 students.

Evangelical school-work, by Rev. Mr. Van Meter.-Rev. Mr. Van Meter is carrying on a very successful evangelical school-work in Rome and the neighborhood, under appointment of the Bible and Publication Society of Philadelphia. The last report that has come to hand is for the quarter October 1, 1873, to January 1, 1874.

In the city of Rome there are 3 schools, viz, two for girls, only day-schools, with 110 scholars registered and an average attendance of 55. The boys' school is a day-, night-, and Sunday-school, the first with 72 scholars registered and an average attendance of 31, the second with 86 scholars registered and an average attendance of 30, and the last mentioned with 142 registered and an average attendance of 60. The totals for the three schools in the city of Rome are, therefore, registered, 410; average attendance, 176.

In the town of Frascati, near Rome, there are two schools, viz, one for boys and one for girls, the former being a day-, night-, and Sunday-school, the latter only a day- and Sunday-school. The boys' day-school has 74 scholars registered and an average attendance of 56; the boys' night-school, registered, 30; average attendance, 22. The boys' Sunday-school, registered, 65; average attendance, 45. The girls' day-school, registered, 35; average attendance, 28. The girls' Sunday-school: registered, 26; average attendance, 19. The totals for the two schools in the town of Frascati are, therefore, registered, 230; average attendance, 170. Totals registered in Rome and Frascati, 640; average attendance, 346.

NETHERLANDS, constitutional monarchy, (kingdom :) Area, 13,464 square miles; population, 3,674,402. Capital, The Hague; population, 92,785. Minister of public instruction, the minister of interior, Dr. J. H. Geertsema.

Primary mstruction.-The basis of the present system is the law of August 13, 1857. Education is not compulsory.

The statistics for 1871 are: Number of schools, public, 2,625; private, 1, 109-total number of primary schools, 3,734. Number of teachers: male teachers in public schools, 6,484; female teachers in public schools, 535-total number of teachers in public schools, 7,019. Male teachers in private schools, 2,278; female teachers in private schools, 1,570-total number of teachers in private schools, 3,848; total number of teachers in all primary schools, 10,867.

Number of pupils: boys in public schools, 205,006; girls in public schools, 159,388— total number of pupils in public schools, 364,394. Boys in private schools, 49,077; girls in private schools, 60,977-total number of pupils in private schools, 110,054 ; total number of scholars in primary schools, 474,458. Number of children attending the evening-schools exclusively, 24,536; number of pupils of primary schools attending evening-schools, 55,706; adult-schools, 221, with 481 teachers and 10,178 pupils Teachers' seminaries, 3, with 94 students. Normal schools in connection with primary schools, 27, with 659 students. Expenditures for primary instruction in 1870. $2,152,559.58, gold. Of this sum the central government pays $181,067.08; the prov, inces, $24,142.50; the municipalities, $1,550,425; the school-funds, $27,974.58; school fees, $348,141.67; teachers, $20,808.75.

Secondary instruction.-The basis of the present system is the law of May 2, 1863. Under this head are classed the burgher-schools, the higher burgher-schools, the polytechnic school, the schools of agriculture, the schools of navigation, commercial schools, drawing-schools, secondary schools for girls, and secondary schools for mechanics.

Number of schools: burgher-schools, 43; higher burgher-schools and commercial schools, 47; polytechnic school, 1; schools of agriculture, 4; schools of navigation, 9; drawing-schools 30; secondary schools for girls, 7; secondary schools for mechanics, 78total number of secondary schools, 219.

Leyden.

Utrecht.

Groningen

Total

Number of teachers: In burgher-schools, 338; in higher burgher-schools, 542; in the polytechnic school, 18; in the schools of agriculture, 18; in the schools of navigation, 20; in the drawing-schools, 108; in the secondary schools for girls, 74; in the secondary schools for mechanics, 272-total number of teachers in secondary schools, 1,390. Number of scholars: In burgher-schools, 3,801; in higher burgher-schools, 3,285; in polytechnic schools, 189; in schools of agriculture, 53; in schools of navigation, 200; in drawing-schools, 2,500; in secondary schools for girls, 472-total number of scholars in secondary schools, 10,500.

Expenditures for secondary instruction, $557,002.50. Of this sum the central government pays $278,192.92; the provinces, $4,845.83; the municipalities, $190,945.42; the school-fees, $83,018.33.

Superior instruction.-The institutions under this head are universities, atheneums, and gymnasia or Latin schools.

Statistics of universities: Number of universities, 3, viz, Leyden, Utrecht, and Groningen.

Number of atheneums, 2, viz, Deventer and Amsterdam, with 261 students. Number of gymnasia or Latin schools, 55, with 978 professors and 1,079 students.

PORTUGAL, constitutional monarchy,
Capital, Lisbon; population, 224,063.
Rodrigues Sampaio.

(kingdom :) Area, 36,510 square miles; population, 4,367,882. Minister of public instruction, the minister of the interior, A.

Primary instruction.-The superintendence of public instruction is under the management of a superior council of education, at the head of which is the minister of the interior. Public education is entirely free from the supervision and control of the church. By a law enacted in 1844 it is compulsory, but this prescription is far from being enforced.

Statistics for 1869.-Number of schools for boys, 1,997; number of schools for girls, 362-total number of schools, 2,359. Number of pupils enrolled: boys, 99,358; girls, 17,947-total, 117,305. Number of pupils attending: boys, 52,720; girls, 10,217-total, 62,937. Number of normal schools for males, 5, with 100 students; number of normal schools for females, 1, with 20 students-total number of normal schools, 6, with 120 students.

Secondary instruction.-Number of lyceums, 21; number of students, 3,126. Besides these public institutions there are quite a number of colleges, private or municipal, in the principal cities.

Superior instruction.-One university, at Coimbra; the polytechnic school, at Lisbon; the polytechnic academy, at Oporto; three schools of medicine and surgery, at Lisbon, Oporto, and Funchal.

Special instruction.-Two industrial schools, at Lisbon and Oporto; school of agriculture, at Lisbon, with a model farm at Cintra; the army-school; the military college; the naval academy; the school of navigation; two academies of fine arts, Lisbon and Oporto; the royal conservatory of music, Lisbon.

SPAIN, republic since February 11, 1873: Area, 182,758 square miles; population, 16,835,506. Capital, Madrid; population, 332,024. Minister of public instruction, (Fomento,) July, 1873, Don José Fernando Gonzales.

Primary instruction.-Primary instruction in Spain is considered compulsory since 1857 and free of charge since 1869. The statistics are of 1872. Public schools for males, (infants, boys, and adults,) 16,294; public schools for females, (infants, girls, and adults,) 6,331-total number of public schools, 22,625. Private schools for males, (infants, boys, and adults,) 2,301; private schools for females, (infants, girls, and adults,) 2,234—total number of private schools, 5,135; grand total of primary schools, 27,760. Male pupils in public schools, 745,686; female pupils in public schools, 441,773— total number of pupils in public schools, 1,187,459. Male pupils in private schools, 96,753; female pupils in private schools, 97,760-total number of pupils in private schools, 194,513; grand total of pupils in primary schools, 1,381,972. Number of normal schools, 30.

Secondary instruction.—The schools under this head are called "institutos;" their number is 62.

Superior instruction.-The institutions under this head are universities, numbering 10. The statistics are of 1873:

Special instruction.-School of agriculture near Madrid, school of architecture at Madrid, school of fine arts at Madrid, school of commerce at Madrid, school of engineering at Madrid, school of mining at Madrid, school of forestry at Villaviciosa de Odon, conservatory of music at Madrid, four schools of veterinary surgery at Madrid Cordova, Leon, and Saragossa, with a total of 1,372 students.

SWEDEN AND NORWAY, constitutional monarchy, (kingdom:) Area, 288,771 square miles; population,

6,013,402.

Sweden and Norway are united only by a dynastic union, each of these two countries having its own constitution, parliament, laws, army, navy, &c.

1. SWEDEN: Area, 168,042 square miles; population, 4,250,402. Capital, Stockholm; population 143,735. Minister of education and ecclesiastical affairs, Gunnar Wennerberg.

Primary instruction.-The basis of the present system is the law of 1842. Education is compulsory. The statistics are of 1871. Total number of primary schools, 7,528 ; number of children of school-age, 712,520; number of children receiving instruction 693,822. Number of male teachers, 5,039; number of female teachers, 2,776-total number of teachers, 7,815. Number of normal schools, 9, viz, 7 for males and 2 for females. Total expenditure for primary instruction, $1,605,328, gold; of this sum the

Professors.

Upsala...
Lund..

Total.

government pays $511,411, the remainder being paid by the provinces and municipalities.

Secondary instruction.-Number of secondary schools of various grades, 103, with 11,874 pupils.

Superior instruction.-There are two universities, viz, Upsala and Lund.

Special instruction.-Two academies of agriculture, (Ultuna and Alnarp,) with 124 students; lower agricultural schools, 27, with 367 students; academy of forestry, with 8 students; lower schools of forestry, 7, with 76 students; schools of navigation, 9; the industrial school at Stockholm, with 1,765 students; five technical schools, with 781 students; four elementary technical schools, with 230 students; the Royal Technical Institute, at Stockholm, with 124 students; two elementary schools of mining; Chalmer's industrial school at Göteborg, with 149 students; the College of Pharmacy at Stockholm, with 60 students; two schools for nurses, with 100 students; two schools of veterinary surgery, with 60 students; the Royal College of Surgery at Stockholm, with 108 students; the Academy of Fine Arts at Stockholm, with 22 professors; the Royal Conservatory of Music at Stockholm, with 21 professors and 239 students; various military schools.

2. NORWAY: Area, 120,729 square miles; population, 1,763,000. Capital, Christiania; population, 80,000. Chief of the department of education and ecclesiastical affairs, Peter Parelius Essendrop. Primary instruction.-Education is compulsory.

Statistics for 1870.-Number of primary schools, 7,189; number of pupils, 250,735; number of teachers, 3,796; expenditure, $184,622, gold.

Secondary instruction.-Number of public schools, 16; teachers in public schools, 195; scholars in public schools, 2,122; expenditure for public schools, $122,471; number of private schools, 130; teachers in private schools, 722; scholars in private schools, 6,858 ; total number of secondary schools, 146; total number of teachers, 917; total number of scholars, 8,920.

Superior instruction.-One university at Christiania, with 42 professors and 1,025 students; total expenditure, $86,929.

SWITZERLAND, federal republic: Area, 15,233 square miles; population, 2,669,147. Capital, Berne; population, 36,001.

Switzerland has no national system of education, but each of the twenty-two cautons manages its own affairs. Education is compulsory in all the cantons, with the exception of Uri and Geneva.

Primary instruction.-Number of schools, 7,000; number of teachers, 6,C00; number of pupils, 400,000; total expenditure, $416,224; number of normal schools, 16.

Secondary instruction.-Number of secondary schools, 275; number of gymnasia and cantonal industrial schools, 47, with 500 professors and 7,000 students; expenditure, $227,232.