By Mr. Vinyard. The spread Eagle, the emblem of the United States; the Palmetto Tree, the emblem of the State of South Carolina: May the eagle ever rest in its top.

By Philip S. Cohen. Liberty and the Union: The watchword of freemen. We will maintain the one by duly appreciating the value of the other.

By H. S. Tew. South Carolina: The Union is the ark of her political / safety.

By N. L. Toomer. South Carolina: May she avoid the strife and bloody struggles of Columbia, Mexico, and Buena Ayres, excited by a few monarchists for the benefit of the few.

By J. Cook. Youthful mechanics in the day of this political excitement, let us follow the precepts of our cool and deliberate advocate, Col. William Drayton.

By Jackson M'Clelland. Perpetuity to the principles on which alone republicanism is based-Destruction to those which constitute the charter of monarchy.

By C. R. Brewster. The United States: May they never lose so fair a sister as South Carolina, and may she never be so utter reckless of consequences as to wish to be separated, nor so wayward as to desire the nullification of her rulers.

By Hugh McDonald. General Daniel E. Huger: More of the Roman than any man living, except Andrew Jackson.

By Richard Geurry. The Constitution of the United States: Like the magnificent firmament of Heaven, under which we live and move and have our being, it inspires light and love and liberty; like it, too, the clouds of ambition and the tempests of faction occasionally obscure its glory and disfigure its beauty. But these things past, the eternal azure and the stars immortal shine on more bright and calm and glorious.

By George S. Bryan. Nullification: Anarchy reduced to system. By John J. Radford. Nullification, Disunion: If our adopted brothers must not assist to preserve the Republic, surely a violation of sacred duty will disgrace it themselves-the land of their birth, posterity.

By Edward Lowndes. Judge D. E. Huger: Long may he live for the Nation's defense, and his principles flourish a thousand years hence.

By George Buist, one of the Stewards. The Patriots of the Revolution: A splendid galaxy of glory; we will protect and defend the republican fabric which they reared against the rash assaults of the ambitious and the deluded.

By Jacob Kemnit. General Andrew Jackson: The friend of the Union, the Democrats of America will support his re-election, nor will the children of dear Erin forget him who chastised their Saxon tyrants. Notwithstanding, he may be opposed by the whole order of well-bred gentlemen and by the dreamers of a Republic south of the Potomac.

By Thomas L. Jones. The Union: Consecrated by the blood of our forefathers, it must receive the support of their offspring.

By John L. Poyas, of Daniel's Island. The Federal Union and Andrew Jackson: The one must be preserved; the other must be reelected.

By J. Haliday. J. L. Petigru, Hugh S. Legare and Benjamin F. Hunt: How consistent and bright is the track of patriotism; the generous advocates of Catholic emancipation on the 26th of September, 1828, have been found true to their country and their oath, defending the Fourth of July, 1831. Honor and gratitude to the friends of the Republic. Children of Erin, will you desert the cause of that America for which Montgomery and Warren and Jasper, and so many of your countrymen fought and bled ?

By George Oxford Pemberton. The Orator of the Day, Hon. William Drayton: An able and efficient artisan toiling for his country's good, which he has deeply at heart.

By Daniel Horlbeck, one of the Stewards. Nullification: "None but a recreant knight would shiver a lance in so inglorious" a cause.

By J. B. Clapp. The hickory and the palmetto planted together: Their Union must be preserved.

By S. Kneply. Here is to all true Americans: May they prosper in all their undertakings, and stick to the Union. United we stand, divided we fall.

By S. J. Cohen. The Union: Achieved by the valor of the patriots of '76; as descendants of those patriots, we will cling to it as long as reason shall have its sway.

By Thomas Corbett, Jr., one of the Stewards. Our Fair Experiment of Republican Government: The pride of patriotism, and the boast of freemen. Without Union, without hope-with it, the world's best hope. By J. B. Thorp. Disunion: Suicide! By L. J. Crovat. The Principles we Celebrate: They may disunite for the present, but eventually they must consolidate. By P. Cantwell. Ireland: It is as natural for her sons to hate aristocrats and their mercenaries, as it is a national virtue in them to love light and liberty. Her history is frequently adduced to show how much evil may be inflicted upon a nation in the form of law, by an interested majority. It, however, proves that the triumph of a good cause is certain.

By Capt. William Newton, one of the Stewards. The Hon. William Drayton: The able supporter of our rights. May his present friends never forsake him, nor posterity ever fail him.

By Thomas Tennant. The Hon. William Drayton; One of the brightest stars of South Carolina; the faithful sentinel on the watchtower of the Union; the man in whom we can confide.

By Henry F. Faber. The Tariff: Acknowledged by many to be unconstitutional or impolitic, few will acknowledge nullification a constitutional remedy for its modification.

By Joseph W. Faber. The Federal Constitution: The rich inheritance left to us by its founders,' may the present generation entail it to their latest posterity as the only ark of our political safety.

By Robert Pringle, Chairman of the Stewards. Col. Drayton: If men of his abilities, integrity and patriotism continue to influence our public councils our country will forever enjoy the blessings we this day celebrate.

By Legrand G. Capers, one of the Stewards. The Constitution: Like the firmament of Heaven, it sprang originally from contending influences. The doom of fate would seem to rest upon it; by conflict and contention can it alone be preserved. We must do our duty.

By G. Brush. The Patriots of the Revolution: A splendid galaxy of glory. The Republican fabric which they erected will be protected from the rash assaults of the ambitious and the deluded.

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By a Member. General Morgan: A patriot who immortalized the 'Cowpens" in sending Tarleton to enjoy a "Pavilion."

By Abraham Motte. Col. Pringle: The patriotic President of this our really National Festival.

CHAPTER III.

His Public Life-Flected an Alderman.

HILE these proceedings do not indicate that the opposing parties were arrayed against each other

in hostile attitude, yet this was unhappily the case. Mr. Poinsett, who was sincerely attached to the Union, urged the necessity of organization among the members of his party, and at an early stage of the excitement was credited with being in collusion with the Federal authorities at Washington and their selected agent to suppress any revolutionary proceedings on the part of the Nullifiers. Whatever of truth may be in this, it nevertheless is a fact of history that the Union party were better organized than the Nullifiers.

I find in the Charleston Year Book for 1887 a sketch of the life of Mr. Poinsett, from which I extract the following:

The superior organization of the Union men under the management of Mr. Poinsett was never more apparent than when the two parties came face to face one night after each one had attended a public gathering in a different part of the city, and, to the surprise of the uninitiated, the Union men as they halted were found to be in military formation, while the other party were without order or discipline.

This was at the commencement of the agitation, and the only arms the Union men had were clubs. They were provided with these because there were threats that their meetings would be broken up, and it was to prevent any such attempt that they were thus prepared. Later on the Nullifiers were uniformed as State troops, and frequently drilled, and their infantry and artillery were often seen in the public streets. It was then found necessary to give an equally efficient organization to the Union men, but this could only be accomplished by doing it secretly, as the Nullifiers were in possession of the State government, and would have prevented any open drilling of their opponents.

In the city of Charleston it was doubtful at first which party was in the majority, and it was not definitely settled in favor of the Nullifiers [106]

until the annual election in 1831 for Intendant. Great efforts were made on both sides and much excitement prevailed. The successful candidate was Henry L. Pinckney over Mr. James R. Pringle, who had been the incumbent the year previous.

It can thus be seen that the situation was a most serious one. The division of families, on account of the various members holding different political opinions, was one of the painful features of the agitation, and many of those who remember the period look back with horror at the extreme probability there was of bloodshed when the passions were at their height.

Early in the year following the anniversary celebration above reported, and before the election for delegates took place, a satire on Nullification appeared in pamphlet form, written in biblical style, which attracted much attention by its caustic wit and well-directed sarcasm. It was entitled the Book of Nullification. For some time the author was not discovered, but before the election he was found to be Mr. Memminger, who had thus brought himself prominently before the people, and by his excellent humor aided the cause that had so warmly enlisted his sympathies.

I have secured a copy of this unique production, and embody it in this volume as a specimen of my honored friend's wit. (See Appendix.)

The Convention was held at the time and place appointed. In spite of every remonstrance and effort on the part of the Union men, a majority of the delegates elected were Nullifiers. Of the acts of this body, and of the historic Ordinance of Nullification, the reader is referred to the voluminous Journal of the Convention.

I am reminded that I have not set out to write a history of politics in South Carolina, and only refer to these matters as they become a part of the history of Mr. Memminger. He was not a member of the Convention, nor did he seek to be such. In order, however, that the reader may have an idea of the relative strength of the Union and Nul