A Grammar of Spoken Chinese

3rd Tone adjectives adverbs auxiliary verb bound Cantonese Chinese chiuh chyan clause cognate object courtesy name D-M compound deei dialects directional complement dong.shi example exocentric fartz geei grammatical heen homophonous huah huey Jeyg jiaw jiow language leang lexical Mandarin meaning measures modified monosyllabic morphemes nemm neutral tone neyg nominal noun object occur particle pause Peiping phemes phonemic phrase place words predicate preposition pronoun quasi-quoted reduplicated sentence shanq sheang sheau sheir sherm shiah shian.sheng shoei shuo shyh speech stress subordinative suffix syllable syntactical thing tion tone sandhi transitive verb translated tsorng tzay tzeem tzemm tzoou tzuey tzuoh tzyh usually V-O construction V-V series verbal expression versatile vowel Wang wenyan Wu dialects yeou