range of sluices. The intermediate set of sluices top of the brushwood, which is ingeniously laid out similar to the process formed in irrigation, so that the salt water is made to trickle through the brushwood, piled to the height of 50 feet. The circulation of the air accordingly causes the evaporation of the lighter particles, and the saline and more ponderable particles are thus collected into troughs below, from which it is run off in the state of brine into the hold of a small vessel, and carried in bulk by the Rhine to Leyden, where it is finally made into salt. The great object, as you will understand, in this process, is to save fuel, which is very scarce in Holland, though coal is now worked in Germany to a considerable extent for the Dutch market. I cannot leave this part of the coast, without again taking notice of the ingenuity of the Dutch, in so completely fitting their vessels for their harbours, or rather to their want of harbours. For although it was blowing a fresh gale of wind at north-west, about 40 doggers were lying within tide mark, with the sea breaking over them half mast high, while the crews were perfectly at their ease, and the vessels riding, with their sterns to the weather, in perfect safety. Meanwhile, the surf was so great upon the beach, that it threw great quantities of beautiful white shells ashore, which the fishermen were collecting in cartloads for manure and lime. They caught them in a very convenient manner, in a kind of net shovel, while the shells were afloat on the tep of the spent waves, the carts being at hand to receive them. (To be continued.) Connected with this national establishment, there is a dwellinghouse for a resident engineer, and assistants; and the greatest attention is constantly paid to the state of repair of the whole. This seems highly necessary, from the very perilous and exposed state of the works, considering also the danger which would result to the country from the failure of these sluices in any material degree. We had much to regret at this visit to Catwicke, that none of the official people were at hand, and we could get no explanation whatever from the Dutch peasantry. We left it, however, much gratified with NOTES, FROM AN OLD DIARY, RELAT a work which, both in utility and execution, is highly creditable to the Dutch nation, and which, indeed, is so popular in the country, that the peasantry, and even the children, seem everywhere to have heard of its fame. At Catwicke we were also gratified with the inspection of an apparatus for making salt brine by the process of evaporation. This apparatus consists of a frame of timber about 50 feet in height, and 150 paces in length, which is made up with brushwood and faggots. The sea water is thrown by pumps into wooden troughs at the S. ING TO THE REBELLION OF 1745. THE following little sketch of the history of the Rebellion of 1745 is taken from a journal book kept by a respectable gentleman of Glasgow at the period of the events mentioned. In the midst of diaries of the weather, notes from the books which he read, and the sermons which he heard preached,-we all at once come to a passage entitled "Follows notes of a very strange story," and the narration then proceeds as below.] ABOUT the 20th August, or some sooner, the Pretender's eldest son, callcd Prince Charles, landed in the West Highlands with some gentle men and arms, and at length of the clans, &c. he had about 1500 or 2000 men. About that time General Cope convened about 2000 men at Stirling; and after some time, by order, marched towards Fort Augustus. On his march he came near the rebels, who were on a hill where he could not attack them, and so went to Inverness. Meantime, the rebels came through the hills, and possessed Perth. This my sister wrote 3d September, that they had entered Perth on the 2d, and put that town in L. 1000 contribution. They left Perth about 10th September, and marched towards Stirling; and Colonel Gardiner's dragoons being there, they went up the water and crossed the Forth near Kippen. They alarmed Glasgow and all this country; but there being few or no arms, and as little care to provide them, the Prince Regent (as he calls himself) sent two commissioners, viz. William Comry and Seaton, with a letter to the Magistrates of Glasgow, on Saturday forenoon, 14th September, demanding L. 15,000 contribution, and an answer in three hours time. Accordingly the council sent a deputation of four, viz. P. Aitou, B. Brown, William Crawford, and Da. Dalzell, and blind Mr Campbell, to shew how they could not advance one-fourth of that sum; but meeting with Wm. Cross, advocate, they were dissuaded from going, seeing the Prince had marched towards Edinburgh. It seems the whole army of rebels marched that day, viz. 14th September, to Falkirk, and the Prince lodged at Callender House; was entertained by Earl of Kilmarnock; meantime took all the arms about Callender, about 80 firelocks. My Lord came to Glasgow, and told this to Neil Banatyne, &c. On Sunday Lord Hopetoun came to Boniton, and told that they were marching to Edinburgh, and would be that night at Leny, four miles from it. On Monday the Prince marched to Edinburgh; took up quarters at the Abbey, and his camp at St Ann's Yard. That day I heard the volunteers went to the Castle and gave up their arms; at same time applied to the governor for orders to nail up VOL. VI. about 30 cannon he had lent the town for defence of their walls. The governor told it was without his jurisdiction, they should apply to the provost or sheriff, and the king's lieutenant, which they did, but the provost refused the order, alleging it would irritate the enemy, &c. On Tuesday, at five in the morning, 17th September, a coach went out at Netherbow Port, by the provost's order, and it was supposed he was in it; upon which the rebels entered the town, and seized the guard; disarmed them, and also all the trainbands, and thus were masters of the town. At same time, in God's good providence, General Cope arrived on Monday at Dunbar, and marched with 2000 foot towards Edinburgh, and was joined by Gardiner's and Hamilton's regiments of dragoons, about Musselburgh, on Tuesday, but did not think it safe to make any sudden attack on the rebels, who by this time were joined with several thousand more men brought by the Marquis of Tullibardine and others. Robert Alexander, barber, sent by the magistrates of Lanark, came home on Thursday, and tells he was in Edinburgh on Wednesday, 18th September; that he talked with one of the rebels at a dram, and asked why they went not to Glasgow, &c.; was answered that letter after letter coming from their friends at Edinburgh had hastened their march. Friday night, the 20th September, my son went to Lanark to get news; he brought account that the rebels under Prince Charles had marched out of Edinburgh, to meet General Cope, who was on his march to meet them, and that a battle was expected. Lord's day, 22d Septeinber, we had account by two expresses sent to Boniton, and also account by Thomas Hamilton, who left Dalkeith that day, and had been on the field of battle, that on Friday night the two armies encamped near Preston and Tranent, within 500 paces of each other. That in the night the Prince sent one-half of his men about to the east of General Cope's camp, and at break of day yesterday, viz. 21st September, the engagement began; the king's forces were attacked in front and rear at once; the dragoons gave way; the infantry rallied U u and fought, Colonel Gardiner on their head; till at length the king's forces were entirely broke, and Colonel Gardiner killed, and about 300 or so killed on the spot, and 500 taken prisoners, a sad story. That this week it is storied that the Prince Regent had discharged all signs of joy on the victory at Tranent, and rather lamented the bloodshed of his poor subjects. That the Castle of Edinburgh was well nigh surprised by the treachery of a sergeant, who was immediately condemned and hanged by a court martial upon the Castle wall,-a happy delivery. Mr Jolin Sedin, an English student at Glasgow, was here two nights with Jo. Bradfute; he went from this Thursday morning, the 26th September 1745, to the Castle of Bothwell, (where he resides this vacation,) and writes from thence to my son, along with a hired horse he took from Lanark. That the Highlanders, about 2000, encamped on Thursday at the Kirk of Shotts, (that he saw their fires in the evening late,) on their way to Glasgow, where he reckoned they would arrive the next day, viz. Friday 27th September. That they had sent forward ten or twelve commissioners before them to transact with the magistrates and people of Glasgow for a sum, about L.30,000. That as he was well informed there was not L. 2000 in specie in that city. That he had forwarded my packet to James Anderson, in which was one to David Loudoun, and one to George Buchanan, which I hope went safe. Saturday, 28th September. My daughter wrote, that one Mr Hay, the pretended Prince's secretary, with a guard of twelve men, called gentlemen of the prince's guards, armed, came to Glasgow on the 26th September, and transacted with the magistrates, and at length agreed to take L. 5000 in money, and L. 500 in goods, as a contribution, to preserve the town from military execution, &c. My grandsons came to Jerviswood Saturday night, and confirm all this; that Mr Hay, &c. were still at Glasgow, and the magistrates were to get part of the money to borrow, and paid L. 3000, and got bills on London for L. 2000, and L. 500 in goods. Thursday, 3d October, George Anderson went to Edinburgh and saw my sister, and returned on the 6th. I had a letter from Mrs Mitchell of the 6th, showing that the rebels attempting the castle were beat off, and about 40 of them killed; that two or three young men were accidentally killed, and that the communication of the castle was opened on the 6th October. The contribution of Lanark being settled for L.80, two of the Pretender's guards, with assistants, came to Lanark and got the L. 80, and that afternoon they went to Cleghorn, and took three of his best horses and a double barrelled gun, and went away. The king's army, about 16,000, were on their march towards Scotland; the said army was come to Berwick and Alnwick about 4th November. The Pretender's army march part of them to Dalkeith on the 30th and 31st of October, and he himself left the Abbey on the 1st November, and lodged at Pinkie-house, and on Saturday morning getting some express, the Pretender and his company left Pinkie in haste, without breakfast; and as we heard since, the Pretender, with part of the army, came to Kelso on the 4th or 5th November, while another part of his army took the route to Peebles; so it seems the former party took the direct route towards Carlisle, and the other by way of Dumfries, while it's said General Wade sent off 5000 dragoons and some foot from Alnwick to march directly west. The guard at Edinburgh was given up to the townsmen on the 8th November, who kept it with halberts and staves, while General Guest sent a party from the Castle and took sundry suspected persons prisoners, and much furniture that had been robbed, up to the Castle. The ministers returned to their charges there after six weeks absence. November 9. We had account of one part of the Pretender's army entering Dumfries yesterday at noon, said to be about 4000, the other part go straight to Carlisle; by the way on both routes the people run off with their horses, and the army ravaged the country, destroying all within the houses, and the corn-stacks for their horses. Meanwhile General Blackney, with a party from the Castle of Stirling, demolished the Pretender's works at Higgin's-nook and the opposite shore near Alloa, and took the cannon and carried about sixteen prisoners up to Stirling castle; hence the communication of the rebels to the north seems for a time to be cut off. December 7, 1745. Since 9th November to this day, the Pretender's army passed by Dumfries and went to Carlisle, which held out a little, but they returned and besieged it, the militia fired and would have defended, but the townsmen prevailed on the Governor to surrender it on scandalous terms. They left a garrison of 120 men, and marched to Penrith, Kendal, Lancaster, and Preston, levying excise and contributions. Wade with his army marching by Durham westward, and General Ligonier with his army marching towards Chester, but were turned by the Duke to Lancaster. Meantime all benorth Forth possessed by the rebels, especially at Perth, Dundee, &c. to the number of 1500. December 10. A regiment raised at Glasgow of ten companies, designed to go on duty, and to be paid at 8d. a day, also to go to Stirling. On the 10th, the other inhabitants rendezvoused and put themselves into ten companies, and chose their officers, and those to stay in town. On Wednesday the 11th December, nine companies of our battalion march to Stirling in good order, the Earl of Home colonel, and the Earl of Glencairn lieutenant-colonel, who met the commissioners at Kilsyth; the other company did not march till December 23d, Neill Bannatyn lieutenant, and Mr Thomas Melvill ensign. ing at four o'clock, from General Guest, ordering the arms to the castle of Dumbarton, and the west country men to return home. And this night, by a letter from my son, we find the rebel army passed the river Eck on Friday the 20th December, and 3500 of them came that night late to Moffat, and the rest took the road to Dumfries, and this morning we get advice by James Carmichael, that a good part of the rebels were at Douglas last night, and were expected at Hamilton to night. Meantime we hear the military at Stirling and our battalion were ordered to Edinburgh, and some say that for safety these troops were put on board at Borrowstounness for Berwick. N. B.-Neill Bannatyne writes, they went from this on Tuesday, and arrived at Bo'ness Wednesday morning; arrived at Leith on Thursday. Our whole battalion and nine companies of Paisley. Wednesday, 25th December.--There came in here about 200 horse and 1400 foot of the rebels; part took up the guard, and the rest billetted mostly about the Cross. Thursday, 26th.-We hear that Prince Charles diverted himself in the parks of Hamilton; lodged two nights in the Palace. Friday, 27th December. The Prince came at sunset to Glasgow, attended with 200 horse and about 1500 foot. He lodged in Colonel Macdowall's house. On Saturday, 28th December, the declaration by the Pretender, and his nominating Charles Prince Regent, was read at the Cross, with 400 or 500 men, and two pair colours, and loud huzzas by the rebels only. Not one of the people huzzaed either then or at the Prince's entry, except a few Jacobite ladies from Lady Ferguslie's window, next the Prince's quarters. The superior carry civilly, but many of the inferior rob, steal, and pilfer every where. Monday, 28th December. Yesterday and the day before there came in about 1100 men from the west, from Greenock, Kilmarnock, parishes of Loudon, Beeth, Neilston, Eaglesham, parish of Paisley, Kilbarchan, &c. and in order to furnish them This day the magistrates, by the that wanted arms, there came yester- Prince's order, attended Mr Hay, who day by General Guest's order, twen- told them that the Prince had ruined ty-five carts with arms, ammunition, himself by his lenity, and behoved to &c. escorted by forty dragoons; also make an example, and that should be my Lord Glencairn returned, and he done in Glasgow, who had been guiland Lord Ross were to see them dis- ty of rebellion against his papa, in so tributed the next day, viz. the 23d. far as they had raised and paid a reBut an express arrived in the morn-giment for the Elector of Hanover's use, and, therefore, demanded the fol- about 1000, at Linlithgow, surprised lowing goods, viz. 6000 blue cloth coats, 6000 blue bonnets, 6000 pairs shoes, 6000 pairs of hose, 12000 shirts of low-priced linen, the value of all computed at L. 6000. The magistrates represented the impossibility, but should try what might be done. This night we hear by express that the Duke of Cumberland is come to Edinburgh. This proves not true. Monday, 30th December.-The mock Prince, arrayed in scarlet and gold-lace, reviewed his whole army in the Green, where I was present, and saw a company of good-like gentlemen and a rabble of common men, not exceeding in all 4000. I much pitied them running to their own and country's destruction. This day they uplifted the excise, and I paid for George Buchanan and Co. L. 28, 15s. 101d. to the Prince's collector, who continued three days or more uplifting the excise-the town miserably oppressed with free quarters to a rabble never content. Friday, January 3, 1746.-It appeared afterwards, by the Edinburgh Courant, that the Duke had besieged Carlisle from the 23d December, and on Monday, 31st, the garrison made their last request for transportation. The Duke could not comply by law, and so they surrendered at discretion; and on Tuesday he entered the town, with the huzzas and acclamations of the people. They got 408 prisoners in Carlisle, whereof only 24 were English. This news, doubtless, came here to the Prince on Wednesday, 1st January, or Thursday, 2d January, and on this, 3d, he marched out with his whole men, and lodged himself at Kilsyth, in Mr Campbell's house, and his men in the country round. Next night the Prince lodged at Bannockburn for 10 days or 12; his men in the country about made some attempt on the town of Stirling, but not on the Castle. General Hawley got the chief command of the King's forces, and marched them and our battalion from Edinburgh to Queensferry and Linlithgow. Himself followed with the train of artillery. On Thursday 16th January, there was a party of the Highlanders, with our van-guard, and about 14 taken prisoners at Linlithgow bridge. About 300 of our men were put on board some boats at Leith, and went up and burnt and destroyed two coal barks that the enemy were towing, in order to bring over the firth some cannon, &c. Tuesday, 14th January.-1200 Argyleshire men, including three companies of Lord Loudoun's regiment, came and quartered here one night, and next day, 15th January, they marched by Airdrie, and joined the King's army at Falkirk on Thursday. The King's camp of military and militia is in and about Falkirk, and their enemies are encamped on the west of Torwood, near Bannockburn. On the 16th, 120 more of Argyle men came here, and marched on the 17th to join the King's army. 18th January.-We hourly expect account of an action; and so it happened at Falkirk, on Friday, 17th January. The best account can be gathered from most of spectators. 17th January.-The King's army, being eight regiments foot and three regiments of horse, encamped on the west end of Falkirk, the militia quartered in the town. In the morning the rebels were observed to march from their camp near Bannockburn, and fetched a compass southward, near Dunipace. General Hawley, imagining that they durst not attack his army, made no attempt to march out of his camp, till, at three o'clock, the rebels appeared on a hill on the south of Falkirk, and on the west of Callender wood, and then the dragoons and foot marched up the hill. With great difficulty, a violent storm in their face, the dragoons attacked the rebels to little purpose, and retired; but General Husk, with two battalions of foot, fired incessantly on the rebels as they came down the hill, and slew many of them; and, the storm continuing, and night coming on, the King's army retired to their camp, and, being all wet, and their ammunition spoiled, they struck most of their tents, and burned the rest, and then the whole army retired to Linlithgow, and thence next day, 18th January, to Edinburgh. Partly the dragoons, and principally General Husk's battalions, so plyed the rebels, that they could not use their broadswords and targets. |