for which it was well adapted on account of its separation from the town. On this occasion, the stack of chimnies was probably erected which were standing at the time Grose's view was drawn. In 1754, there seems to have been some thoughts of converting it into a public house, for the site of it was let to Mr. Mixson, with this proviso, that "William Mixson have a lease of the Red Mount, and mill piece, being the banks,' for twenty-one years, at 27. 10s. he not to enclose or erect a public house on any part thereof." It was, however, reserved for a less ignoble destination, for in 1783, the use of this chapel was granted to a teacher of navigation, for an observatory. But at this period it received an injury, which must hasten its destruction. In order to

ascend to the roof, the north window was cut down, and made into a doorway. As the chapel already overhung its base, and was held together principally by the strength of the side walls, it was impossible that that such an injudicious alteration could be made without hazard to the whole fabric. The opposite or south wall is now rent from the top to the bottom, and the joints of the beautiful vaulted roof are so much opened as to admit the wind and water, which must soon decay and destroy it. In the late moyoralty of George Edwards, esq. the buttresses were carefully repaired, and it is hoped, that before it be too late, some further means will be resorted to for the preservation of this venerable and curious structure.-Vide the Rev. Edward Edwards' account in Britton's Architectural Antiquities.

The Chapel of our Lady on the Bridge. Some small remains of this chapel, converted into a little dwelling, stood till very lately on the eastern side of the bridge.

St. Anne's Chapel stood somewhere near St. Anne's fort; the stones are still to be seen in some of the adjacent walls. The site of St. Catherine's is involved in still greater obscurity, and that also of the chapel of St. Lawrence is in the same predicament.

St. James's Chapel, now the workhouse. The founder of this and St. Nicholas' chapel was William Turb, or Turbus, alias de Turba Villa, or Tuberville, third bishop of Norwich, 1146, in the reign of Stephen, about which time the chapel was built. This chapel is said to have contained in length five score feet, and in breadth twenty-four feet, exclusive of a cross aisle and a chapel attached to it, dedicated to the Trinity. The altar of St. Lawrence stood

somewhere in this chapel, and at the end of it an image of our Saviour, to which devout persons were wont to bring their offerings. In the thirty-fifth Edward III. it was ordered by the commonalty assembled in the guildhall, that the clerks of St. James, in Lynn, for the future shall carry the holy water from the East-gate of Lynn through all the south part of Dam-gate, and through the whole street called Webster's-row; and that the clerks of St. Nicholas shall likewise carry from the aforesaid gate through all the north part of the aforesaid street of Dam-gate. The commissioners of queen Elizabeth found, in the third year of her reign, according to the certificate of William Butts and Christopher Gent, that the chapel dedicated to St. James, was then defaced by the mayor and his brethren, saving one cross aisle, which was re-edifying and repairing by the mayor of the said town. The churchyard of the said chapel contained three acres. St. James and St. Nicholas were chapels of ease to the church of St. Margaret.

There belonged to St. James's chapel four bells, taken down by the mayor since the death of Henry VIII. This chapel being in part demolished, the spire and part of the stone tower taken down, and the rest becoming ruinous, the body was levelled in the second year of the reign of queen Elizabeth, and the cross aisle and chancel were fitted up for the manufacture of baize, &c.; but this undertaking did not succeed. About a century after 1682, it was repaired and fitted up, by the liberal benefactions of the corporation and principal inhabitants, and converted into a hospital or workhouse for fifty decayed old men, women, and poor children; a good endowment and provision being made for their work, instruction, and maintenance, and for putting the children out to trades.-See an account of the statutes in Richards' Hist. of Lynn, VOL. I. p. 567. This is now called the Spinning-house. Upon the frontispiece is this inscription: "E. Ruinis Capellæ St. Jacobi Orphano-trophium hoc Erexit S. P. Q. L. Simone Taylor Maiore. M,DC,LXXXII."

The arms of queen Elizabeth, with a lion and dragon supporters, now over the town-hall, was taken from this chapel.

• Mr. John Pierson gave to the poor of St. James's hospital in this town, 40s. a year to be paid in the time of Lent; also 40s. a year to a poor scholar that goes from the free school to any college in the university of Cambridge; also 40s. to the poor of Stangate ward.

The Trinity Guild held here, was an association for its kind highly respectable, and was called the great guild, in respect to others of less consequence in this place. The head or chief person, called the alderman or custos, was chosen by the commonalty, and continued in office during life, unless removed from infirmity or any other cause. This guild had its rise previous to the reign of king John. In the time of Richard II., they had a place called the common staithe, with its appurtenances, valued at 421. 6s. 8d. per annum, clear, besides all reprises. Their goods and chattels also amounted in all to 2601. 13s. Od. consisting of 607. in ready money, besides many books, vestments, chalices, and other ornaments for the chaplains performing divine service for them, and in the parish church. Any of these not being of honest life and conversation, and neglecting their duty, being admonished by the aldermen, without amendment, were removable. Out of the profits of this staithe or wharf, it appears they gave alms to the annual amount of 30l. towards the support of the poor brethren of the guild, to the blind, lame, and other distressed persons; to poor clerks keeping school, and to poor religious houses, as well of men as women, to the lepers in and about Lynn, and in the repairs of the parish church and chapels, and to the maintaining of several aqueducts for providing the town with water. The copy of the ordinances of this guild, as preserved in Parkyns, is strikingly illustrative of the domestic manners of these early times. See also Richards' Hist. of Lynn, VOL. I. p. 451, for a longer account of this guild, in addition to Parkyns' Continuation of Blomefield.

The ordinances of the Merchants' Guild at Lynn, may be seen in Blomefield's History. Among other singular requests connected with a mendicant life it appears, that in December, 1349, the mayor and commonalty of Lynn petitioned William Bateman, bishop of Norwich, begging his favour towards John Puttock, to admit him as a hermit. It seems, that in the bishop's marsh near Lynn, in a place called Lenne Crouch, this person had made a cave, till he could build himself a proper dwelling; purposing, as he declared, to spend all his time there in the service of God. It was added, that the said John Puttock had, at his own cost and charge, erected a certain remarkable cross, of great service for all shipping coming that way, of the height of one

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hundred and ten feet. This place was afterwards called the Hermitage of Lynn Crouch. In the fifth of Richard II. Henry Le Despencer, bishop of Norwich, wrote a letter to Roger Patman, mayor, and to the burgesses of Lynn, desiring, for the love they bore to the bishop, that they would grant their part of St. Catherine's to one John Consolef, late servant to lord Le Despencer, brother to the bishop, there to live a solitary life, upon the alms of the good people. This house belonged to St. Catherine's chapel, mentioned in 1497, but its situation is uncertain.

St. George's Hall once constituted one of the numerous guilds held in this town. At the dissolution of guilds, it was converted into a kind of exchange, afterwards into a court in which was held the quarter sessions for the county, and was afterwards converted into a theatre-See that article.

The Bede House, or St. James's Almshouse, is opposite the new burying ground, and was founded in the fourteenth century. In 1822, the old hospital was pulled down, and rebuilt in a neat and much more convenient manner, the expense of which was defrayed by a benefaction of 3001. from Mr. Benjamin Smith, an inhabitant of this town still living. Thomas Allen, mayor; Lionel Self, governor. The funds of this hospital provide for a reader and eleven women, each of the latter of whom, at the time of admission, must be sixty years of age. The right of election is vested in the mayor, aldermen, and common-council.-See article Cook in the Biography.

Paradise Hospital, or Broad-street Almshouse, was founded in 1676, by John Heathcote or Helcote, but he dying while the work was unfinished, the completion of it was undertaken and effected by Henry Framingham, alderman, who came forward and purchased the premises. The house is pleasantly situated in the field called Paradise, on the east side of Broad-street; it consists of a chapel and twelve apartments opening into a quadrangular court, to which there is an entrance by a gateway from the street. Framingham endowed only eleven of these dwellings, the other was endowed a long while after by John Goodwyn, alderman. The weekly allowance of each of these twelve pensioners, one of whom officiates as chaplain, and is called the reader, is 3s. 6d. with the addition of 15d. to the chaplain, which

makes his weekly allowance 4s. 9d. the eleven lay brethren have each a chaldron of coal yearly, and the chaplain a chaldron and a half, they have beside the interest of 2501. which they receive half yearly. Mr. Cook (see his article) left to this house 21007. three per cents. for the augmentation of the weekly allowance of the twelve poor occupants. In Lynn are also Purse Clubs, the Lying-in Charity, the Strangers' Friend Society, &c.

The Town-hall, or Guild-hall, alias Trinity-hall, is an ancient building of stone and flint; it consists of divers apartments, the first of which is the stone-hall, in which the county quarter sessions and town sessions are held. This hall, comprehending probably the principal part of the old guild-hall, is fifty-eight feet in length, by twenty-seven wide, and proportionally lofty. It contains the portraits of sir Robert Walpole, full-length; sir Thomas White, the liberal benefactor to young tradesmen, half-length; sir Benjamin Keen; George the III., a whole-length; and the late lord Nelson; the former, a copy from an original by sir Joshua Reynolds, and the latter, after a picture by Hoppner, are both copied by Mr. Lane, (vide his article in the biography of Lynn.) In 1698, portraits of Edward VI., and James I., were presented to this hall by alderman Robinson.

The Custom-House. In 1683, sir John Turner, knight, three times mayor here, and for many years one of the representatives in parliament for Lynn, erected at his own expense a handsome building of freestone, with two orders of columus, the lower of the Doric, and the upper of the Ionic, intending it as an exchange for merchants. Upon the second floor, in a niche in the front, is a statue of king Charles II. Within this building the business of the customs is transacted. On the platform above, is raised an open turret, upon pillars of the Corinthian order, containing a bell, and surmounted with an obelisk and ball, whereon stands Fame, instead of a weathercock, the whole being ninety feet high.

Candlemas or Valentine's day, is in all respects a red letter day amongst all classes in Lynn, it being the commencement of its great annual Mart. This mart was granted by a charter of Henry VIII., in the twenty-seventh of his reign "to begin on the day next after the feast of the Purification of the blessed Virgin Mary, and to continue six days, next following," though now it is generally prolonged