SUPERIOR INSTRUCTION.

COLLEGES FOR YOUNG MEN OR FOR BOTH SEXES.

The Ohio State University, Columbus, including the State Agricultural College, admits both sexes on equal terms, and presents for 1-84-'65 classical, scientific, and philosophical courses, covering 4 years, and leading to the degrees of A. B., Ph. B,, and Sci. B., also technical courses, leading to those of C. Eng., Mech. Eng., Mining Eng., and B. Ag. The institution eurolled 152 collegiate and 146 preparatory students, ali under 22 instructors. The library numbered 5,000 bound volumes and about 1.000 pamphlets, and reported an increase of 2,000 during the year. The value of all property belonging to the school is estimated at $600,000. The State appropriated $10,450; the income from productive funds was $32,270, and from tuition fees, $5,138.

Other institutions claiming collegiate rank and reporting for 1884-'85 are as follows: Adelbert College, Cleveland; Ashland College, Ashland; Baldwin University, Berea; Belmont College College, Hill; Buchtel College, Akron; Capital University, Columbus; Denison University, Granville; German Wallace College, Berea; Hebrew Union College, Cincinnati; Heidelberg College, Tiffin; Hiram College, Hiram; Hopedale Normal College, Hopedale; Kenyon College, Gambier; Marietta College, Marietta; Union College, Mt. Union; Muskingum College, New Concord; National Normal University, Lebanon Oberlin College, Oberlin; Ohio Central College, Iberia; Ohio University, Athens; Otterbein University, Westerville; Ohio Wesley au University, Delaware; Rio Grande College, Rio Grande; Scio College, Scio; St. Joseph's and St. Xavier's Colleges, Cincinnati; Cincinuati, Urbana, and Wooster Universities, at towns of same names; and Wilmington College, Wilmington.

Nearly all the above institutions admit women on equal terms with men. All but the University of Cincinnati give preparatory training, 7 have philosophical courses, all have classical, and nearly all scientific courses of 4 years. All include in their curricula some of the ancient or modern languages, as well as music or some of the fine arts, and preparation for teaching or business is provided by nearly all. The State superintendent gives as the aggregate number of students in attendance during the year, 1,399 young men and 948 young women, under 306 regular instructors. The number that received the degree of A. B. at the last commencement was 200 men and 38 women; of Sci. B., 120 men and 34 women; of Ph. B., 19 men and 16 women; and the total graduated at the close of the year's session, 347 young men and 126 young women. The income received from students was$114,966; from other sources, $238,955; entire expenditures, exclusive of those for permanent improvements, $458,218. Aggregate value of property, $8,658,524, that of the State university being valued at $1,100,000, including endowments. The above statistics, however, include one insti tution not on the college list of this Bureau, viz, Harlem Springs College, which may be found in Table VI of the Appendix. A total of $255,602 was received during the year in gifts or bequests by 9 of the above institutions. Of this amount, Buchtel Col lege received $55,000; German Wallace College, $10,000; Ohio Wesleyan University, $50,000; Demson University, $425; Hiram College, $50,000; Marietta College, $25,000; Muskingum College, $5,000; Oberlin College, $40,177; Otterbein University, $20,000.

INSTITUTIONS FOR THE SUPERIOR INSTRUCTION OF YOUNG WOMEN.

For statistics of institutions of this class, see Table VIII of the Appendix, and the summary of it in the report of the Commissioner preceding.

SCIENTIFIC AND PROFESSIONAL INSTRUCTION.

SCIENTIFIC.

Scientific courses of study are provided in nearly all the colleges and universities in the State, and in the Ohio Mechanics' Institute, Cincinnati, and the Case School of Applied Science, Cleveland.

In the 4 technical courses of the State university provision is made for instruction in geology, chemistry, agriculture, mathematics, civil and mechanical engineering, mining and metallurgy, botany and horticulture, agricultural chemistry, veterinary science, and military science and tactics, as well as in ancient and modera languages. The Ohio Mechanics' Institute includes 3 departments, viz, mechanical, architectural, and artistic, each with elementary, intermediate, and advanced grades. The mechanical department enrolled 131 students, the architectural 90, and the artistic 134, while a class for modeling in clay had 6, making in all 361. The falling off of 67 in the year was largely due to so many being out of employment, making it difficult to meet the necessary expenses.

The Case School of Applied Science, Cleveland, provides courses of study in civil engineering, mathematics and astronomy, physics and chemistry, each covering 4 years and leading to the degree of Sci. B. The courses are open to special students, not candidates for a degree, for study in certain lines, on their proving a capacity for

parsning the studies they select. Mrs. Laura B. Axtell, of Cleveland, a sister of Leonard Case, the founder of this school, is said by a current Boston journal to have bequeathed her entire fortune, amounting to $1,000,000, to the school.

For statistics of these schools, see Tables IX and X of the Appendix; for summaries of their statistics, see corresponding tables in the report of the Commissioner preceding.

PROFESSIONAL.

THEOLOGY.-Theological instruction is given in at least 13 institutions and departments of colleges, among them being Lane Theological Seminary, Cincinnati; St. Mary's Theological Seminary, Cleveland; German Lutheran Seminary, Columbus; Union Biblical Seminary, Dayton; Theological Seminary of the Protestant Episcopal Church, Gambier; Heidelberg Theological Seminary, Tiffin; United Presbyterian Theological Seminary of Xenia; and in the theological departments of Ashland, German Wallace, Oberlin, and Wittenberg Colleges, and of Urbana and Wilberforce Universities. Nearly all offer a course of instruction covering 3 years of from 30 to 40 weeks each.

For statistics of these schools see Table XI of the Appendix.

LAW.-Legal training is found in the Law School of the Cincinnati College, in a 2-years course of 30 weeks each, including elementary law and contracts and real property for the junior year; and equity jurisprudence, evidence, constitutional, criminal, and mercantile law, and other subjects, for the senior. There were 55 students graduated at the commencement of 1885. The school had in 1883-84 a carefully selected library of over 3,000 volumes, to which additions are made each year from an annual appropriation of $1,500 for that purpose.

The College of Law of the National Normal University, with a faculty of 5 members besides a librarian, presents a 2-years course of 48 weeks each, which seems to be combined with classical studies also. No requirements for admission; but to receive the degree of LL. B., students must first have obtained from this or some other institution the degree of A. B.

MEDICINE.-Medical instruction is given in 13 schools of medicine recognized by the Illinois State Board of Health, 9 regular, 2 homeopathic, and eclectic. The regular schools reporting for 1854-'85 were the Medical College of Ohio, Cincinnati; medical department of Western Reserve University, Cleveland; Starling Medical College, Columbus; Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery; Miami Medical College, Cincinnati; medical department of the University of Wooster, Cleveland; CoInmbus Medical College; Toledo Medical College; and Northwestern Ohio Medical College, Toledo.

For admission, all require a diploma or certificate of graduation from some school of high grade, or a thorough examination in the branches of a good English education. For graduation, candidates must be 21 years of age, must have pursued 3 years of study, have attended 2 full courses of medical lectures, and have passed a dnal satisfactory examination on all the branches taught. The total number of matriculates for the year was 739; graduates, 255.

The Homeopathic Hospital College, Cleveland, and Pulte Medical College, Cincinnati, with the same requirements for admission as the regular schools, present a 3-years course of study aud 2 full courses of lectures. A 3-years graded course is recommended but not required. For graduation, candidates must be 21 years of age, and must pass successfully a final examination. Matriculates for the former in 1884-'85 were 84; graduates, 30; for the latter, matriculates 52, graduates 30.

The Eclectic Medical Institute and the American Eclectic College, both of Cincinnati, require for admission either a certificate of graduation from a high school or collegiate institution, or a first-grade teachers' certificate; lacking these, there must be a satisfactory examination in the English branches of study. The course of study in both covers 2 annual sessions of about 20 weeks each. For graduation both require 2 years of previous study and attendance on 2 full courses of lectures, and the passing of a final examination in all the branches taught. For the former a 3-years graded course is recommended, but not required; for the latter, a post-graduate session is provided, occupying 8 weeks.

SPECIAL INSTRUCTION.

TRAINING IN MUSIC.

The Cincinnati College of Music, incorporated under the laws of the State, is handsomely endowed by Mr. Reuben R. Springer and other benevolent citizens of Cincinnati, and devotes its entire income to instruction in the art of music, as well as dramatic action, modern languages, and elocution. Besides some forty rooms for purposes of instruction, the college has a large and beautiful concert hall, with a seating capacity for 1,200 persons. The stage is fully equipped for operatic and dramatic performances, and in the academic department provision is made for training for the concert and operatic stage by actual performance in opera. For admission to

this department students must pass a satisfactory examination, conducted by a board of examiners appointed by the trustees from the college faculty. In this department in 1884-'85 were enrolled 57 students. The general school, with an enrollment of 112 students, is divided into 8 departments, viz, of instrumentalists, of vocalists, of theory, of chorus classes, of elocution, of languages, of operatic training, and a lectare department. The studies of the first 4 departments are compulsory, of the last 4 optional. In the theory department, instraction is given in thorough bass, simple and double counter-point, composition, and in the art of orchestration and instrumentation.

INSTRUCTION IN GERMAN.

Under a State law, it is the duty of boards of education to cause the German language to be taught in any public school of the State when demanded by 75 freeholders of any school district, representing not less than 40 pupils who intend to study the German and English languages together. By a later law, where 100 pupils desire German teaching, a special department may be provided for them. Children in districts where no provision is made for such instruction may be received into the nearest school in which the language is taught, by obtaining a written permit from the trustees of the district in which they reside. In connection with English branches excellent provision is made by the State for securing instruction in German, and it is claimed that nearly one-fourth of the entire number of pupils who study this language in the United States are found in Ohio. In 1884-'85 there were in the public schools of the State 40,362 youth studying German, under 473 teachers; in private schools, 224 pupils under 10 teachers; in Protestant church schools, 2,608 pupils under 27 teachers; and in Catholic church schools, 28,952 pupils under 470 teachers. Total, 72, 146 pupils under 980 teachers. Teachers of German may give instruction in this language ouly, except in translation, music, and drawing.

EDUCATION OF THE DEAF AND DUMB.

The Ohio Institution for the Education of the Deaf and Dumb, Columbus, has 4 literary departments, viz, primary, grammar, academic, and articulation; also an industrial department for instruction in bookbinding, carpentry, printing, and shoemaking for boys, and sewing and general housework for girls. This, however, is in no case allowed to interfere with school studies, which occupy 4 hours of each day, and one evening hour. For free admission, pupils must be residents of the State, between the ages of 8 and 21 years, of sound mind, and of good moral character The general length of term is 7 years, the utmost lin it 10 years. In 1884-5 the institution enrolled 243 boys and 215 girls, under 25 teachers, 6 of whom were semi-mute. Articulation is tanght. The institution owns ten acres of land, valued with buildings, etc., at $750,000. The Cincinna i Day School for Deaf Mutes.-The number of pupils who entered this school during the year was 32, and the average attendance 28, showing that the most of those who entered remained during the entire year. Two teachers are employed, instruction being given in the sign language. The course of study covers 7 years, and includes the common school branches, with composition, drawing, penmanship, and object lessons.

EDUCATION OF THE BLIND.

The Ohio Institution for the Education of the Blind, Columbus, gives instruction in common and higher English branches, in Latin, and in vocal and instrumental music. In the industrial department there is training in piano tuning, chair caning, broom making, sewing, knitting, and beadwork. Kindergarten instruction is also given. The ag for admission is from 6 to 21 years, and persons over 21 years of age and free from bad habits can enter the institution for one year to learn a trade. The record of enrollment for the year is 153 boys and 107 girls, of average attendance 188; new pupils entered, 40.

EDUCATION OF THE FEEBLE-MINded.

The Ohio Institution for the Feeble-Minded, Columbus, admits children between the ages of 6 and 15 years who are incapable of being educated at ordinary schools. In addition to common school studies, farming, gardening, shoemaking, sewing, and general housework are taught. The main building, having been destroyed by tire, was rebuilt and occupied during the year, thus admitting many li tle ones whose opportunities for improvement were passing away. There were 407 boys and 251 girls in the school, 154 being admitted who had been temporarily absent on account of the fire.

INDUSTRIAL AND REFORMATORY TRAINING.

The Boys' Reform School, located on a farm of 1,201 acres near Lancaster, admits criminal boys only, and undertakes their moral, intellectual, and industrial training. In addition to the common school branches, algebra and natural philosophy enter into the seventh and eighth grades. Instruction is given in vocal and instrumental music by competent teachers." A large and valuable library belongs to the school, new

books being added yearly. A paper is published in the institution weekly with satisfactory results, the boys setting the type under the direction of a competent foreman. Instruction is given in farming, gardening, shoemaking, monding, and knitting. Since the organization of the school 4,070 boys have been admitted, of which number 436 were in charge in 1884-'85. In giving some of the causes of the fearful prevalence of juvenile criminals the report says that illiteracy is one cause; about one-third of the boys, when admitted, could not read.

The House of Refuge and Correction, Toledo, undertakes to govern, educate, and reform juvenile offeurs. Close application to study in the common school branches is required of all the inmates one-half of each day, while the farm and knitting factory afford ample facilities for industrial training.

The Girls' Industrial Home, Delaware, aims to educate and reform young girls committed to its care. The schools are graded, and pupils are advanced upon a successful examination. The routine of sewing, knitting, cooking, and general housework necessary for the institution is performed by the inmates. The number remaining in the home at the close of 1884 was 277.

EDUCATIONAL CONVENTIONS.

STATE ASSOCIATIONS.

The Ohio Teachers' Association held its thirty-sixth annual meeting at Chantanqua, N. Y., July 7-9, 1885. The superintendents' section (seventeenth session) was called to order by R McMillen, chairman of the executive committee, and Dr. Alston Ellis, president of the section, delivered his inaugural address, after which papers were read on "Manual training as a preparation for teachers," ""Defects in our compulsory law and remedies suggested by the laws of other States," "A week in my schoolroom," and "That boy." The general association convened the second day, the retiring president, E. F. Moulton, in the chair. The new president, Dr. Aaron Schuyler, delivered his inaugural address on "The sensibilities in education." On motion of Mr. Brown, all teachers in attendance from other States were elected honorary members of the association, with the privilege of taking part in the discussions. Ex-President Moulton moved to make the annual membership fee for ladies 50 cents instead of $1, which motion after an animated discussion was lost. Among the papers read and presented for discussion were "Training the will," "What can teachers do to secure proper home education !" "A new departure in geographical teaching," "Philos ophy of teaching," and "The Chautauqua idea in relation to public education." Notice was given by Superintendent Parker that at the next meeting steps would be taken to reduce the membership fee of ladies who receive an annual salary of less than $600, from $1 to 50 cents.

CHIEF STATE SCHOOL OFFICER.

HON. D. F. DE WOLF, State commissioner of common schools, Columbus,

[Term, January, 1881, to January, 1884.]

Succeeded by HON. LE ROY D. BROWN.

[Term, January, 1884, to January, 1887.]

Age for distribution of school funds. Age for attendance in public schools, 6-21.
bSeveral counties did not report the sex of teachers.

STATE SCHOOL SYSTEM.

GENERAL CONDITION.

As the report of the State superintendent is biennial, only a return comes for 1884'85. It may be seen that the average daily attendance in the public schools fell off by more than 8,000, while in the preceding year there had been an increase of over 12,000. The age for distribution of school funds is 4 to 20, but for free attendance in the public schools of the State, 6 to 21. There was expended in the year, for sites, buildings, and furniture, $117,500; for libraries and apparatus, $3,500. The entire income for public schools was $500,776, or $12,376 less than the expenditure.