INDEX. Maconochie, A, Prison Discipline, 32, 106, 614, 637. Maiming and torture, 491. Maine, Penal and Reformatory System, 145. Malta, Prisons and Lock-ups, 288. Mark System for Progressive Classification, 33, 3 to. Marin, Henry, Duty of Society to Children, 475. Preventive Institutions and Agencies, 212. State Primary School for Abandoned Children, 135. [135. Farm Schools, and other Preventive Institutions, Materialism a Cause of Crime, 434- Maximum and Minimum Sentences, 630. Meat in Prison Diet, 120. Medical Service of Prisons, Superintendent, 242. Based on certain Principles, 342. Michigan, Penal and Reformatory Work, 161. Public School, and Home for Waifs, 162. Military Prisons, 344, 398 Mill, John Stuart, cited, 241. Minimization of Crime, 605. Minnesota, Prison System, 177. Minority, Division into three Periods, 470. Minors exposed to Temptation, 64. Large Proportion of Criminal Population, 471, 626. Special Prison and Treatment, 626. Mississippi, Prison System, 196. Missouri, Prisons and Reformatories, 201. Mittermaier, 405. Moabit Prison, near Berlin, 414. Molesworth, Sir W., Transportation, 30 Employed by Maconochie and Montesinos, 637. Moral Amelioration of great Criminals, 652. Moral Biography, Classification by, 360. Moral Forces versus Physical, 51, 99, 172, 237, U17. Moral Sense or Conscience, 645- Morey, Motive on Labor Contractors, 111, 194, 199. Mortality, 326. Moscow, Prison System of Sollohub, 33. Moses, Ordinances respecting Children, 68. Motives in a good Life, 96, 155, 621. Mottoes on Walls of Prisons, 402. Mouat, Intermediate Imprisonment, 326. Mullen, W. J., Philadelphia Prison Society, 122, Munich, Obermaier Reforms, 32, 422. 141 Mumford, Colonel, Volunteer Work, 204. Music for Amusement and Devotion, 182. Mutual Corruption in Prison Association, 38. NATAL, Prison, 282. National Prisons in United States, 100. Naval Prisons, 344. Nebraska, Prisons, 182. Neglected Children, Asylums, 130, 132, 427. Netherlands, Reforms by Maria Theresa, 10. New Brunswick, Prisons and Jails, 253. New Hampshire, Penal and Reformatory System, 142. Family System of Reformatories, 156. New York City. Reformatory Work, 80, 125. Female Guardian Society. 127. New York, State System of Prisons, 149. Unofficial but Authorized, 241. System with Discharged Prisoners, 122. New Zealand, Prison System, 294. Norfolk Island, Maconochie's Work, 631. Normal School for Prison Officers, 62, 66, 669. North Carolina, Prisons, 201. Labor System, 202. Norway, Prison System, 513. Classes, Administration, Treatmeut, 514. Numbers, Sympathy of, 105. Should not exceed individual attention, 38, 64. OBERLIN, Pastor, Infant Schools, 339. Obermaier, Prison Reform at Munich, 32, 422. Gradation in Rank and Responsibility, 51. Qualities of Character, 62, 430, 616. Qualifications, 110, 285, 414, 502, 624. Training, 55, 65, 246, 342, 624, 669. Appointment, 100, 150, 160, 421, 426. Pensions, 419. Examples of Good, 29, 104, 145, 207, 515. Asylums, County, Industrial Schools. 167. Industrial Prison for Women, 250. Oral Methods and Conversations with Adults, 505. Pennsylvania, Penal and Reformatory System, 157. Western Penitentiary, 26. Pensions for Prison Officers, 419. Pentonville Prison, 28. Persia, Prisons, 582. Persuaders and Organized Persuasion, 50, 638. Perversity in Criminal Courses, 39, 652. Petersen, R., Christiania Penitentiary, 515. Cellular System, 25, 29, 158. [159. Abandoned in Pittsburgh Western Penitentiary, Pillory, Stocks, Whipping, Branding, 22, 23. Grandson, 151. Pistole, a Privileged Class, 353. [26. Pittsburgh Western Penitentiary, Trial of Systems, Plato, Ideal Prison System, 4. Plays in Child-saving Institution, 699. Poland, Prisons and Reformatories, 470. Police, co-operation with voluntary efforts, 65, 246, Politics, in Prison Administration, 109, 605, 620. Portugal Penal System, 476. Short-comings and Abuses, 477-479. Powell, Birmingham Asylum, 78. Premiums and Prizes for Good Conduct, 395, 435. Preventive Institutions, 144, 212, 343, 607, 682. [700. German Systems of Family Institutions, 688, 693, Prison-bird, Odium of Imprisonment, 19. Aided and Inspected by State, 610. Out of Prison Work, and less Restraint, 452. Shortening of Sentence, 417. Transferrence to less coercive Prison, 418. Providence, R. I., Prevention and Reform, 137. Protestant Brotherhoods for Christian Work, 415. Moral Anomalies, Feebleness or Absence, 645- Penal or Hard Labor, 106. Corporal Punishment, the Lash, 99- Deprivation of Privileges, 417, 671. Irons, Stocks, Branding, 22. Not Families, but Institutions, 696. United States, 125, 166. Results, 126, 141, 224, 610. Reform of Prisons, 1-68. Reform the end in Farm School. 341, 366. Reinthaler, C., the Martinstift at Erfurt, 690. Religion in Reformatory Work, 55, 100, 622, 653, 698. Belgium, 356. England, 221. INDEX. Germany, 690, 699. Ireland, 234, 239. Scotland, 229. United States, 99, 141. Religious Men in Prison Administration, 415. Rescue Institutions, 498, 512. Resistance of the Prisoner to Discipline, 663. Reuss, Prison System, 443. Self-help, 50, 55, 145, 236. Self-interest, 49, 237, 618, 645. 627. Sentences, long or short, 109, 119, 261, 619. Practically determined by prisoner's reformation, 353. SAFE-KEEPING, Accused and Witnesses, 38, 115. Salaries of Officers, 94. Sallust, Prisoners of Rome, 5. Sampson at work in Prison, 54, 120. Sandwich Islands, 569. Rhode Island, Penal and Preventive Institutes, 136. How far Intuition, 679. When sufficient, 689. Rijsselt, Netherland Mettray, 400 Royal Commission on Convict Prisons, 1878, 240. Sequestration an element in punishment, 651. Sewerage and Sewer-gas, 421. Sex, in crime and exposure, 24, 94, 694. Treatment, 63. Short Sentences, 252, 518. 143 First Stage of Penal Treatment, 614. Snedaker. Kentucky Penitentiar", 199. Social condition of inmates of R formatories, 687, 694 Socialistic Movement, 441. Social Nature, 104, 106, 159, 361, 614, 652. Sanitary Conditions, 54, 120, 240. Saving and Protection, 67, 131. Denmark, 491; Sweden, 499; Norway, 513. Scotland, Transitional Condition, 228. England, 17, 19. France, 36. Holland, 398. Spain, 382. Society and Crime, 53, 72, 82, 615, 686. Soldiers' Orphans, Asylums and Homes, 143. Not suitable to Criminals of moral infirmity, 652. Sollohub, Count, Reforms at Moscow, 33, 46, 361. South Carolina, Prisons and Jails, 196. Lease System of Labor, 197, 200. Wretch d Condition, 365-379. Prisons Perth, Paisley, Ayr, 228, 251. County Jails, Chaplains, Schools, Libraries, 229. Longer Sentences, 230. Aid on leaving by instalments, 230, Mcntesinos' Labors, 31. 375. State Aid to Discharged Prisoners, 192, 433. State (in United States) Penal Institutions, 133. Reformatories, 126. Workhouses, 114. Asylums and Farms for Neglected Children, 127. Statistics of Prisons. 56, 62, 90. 126, 133, 633, 667. St. Hubert Juvenile Prison. 363. St. Kevin, Reformatory in Ireland, 239. St. Lazare Prison, for Women, 348. St. Michael, Juvenile Prison at Rome. 7. St. Paul's doctrine of the Conscience seared, 658. Stevens, Inspector-general of Prisons, 42, 360. Stocks, Irons, Pillory, Torture, 3, 22, Suffering or Pain, Memory of, 685. Sunday, 101, 137, 179. Moral Lectures, 137, 656. Institutions, 371, 507, 606. Prisoners direct payment, 416, 442. Royal Administrator, 499. Selection and Training of Prison Officers, 503. Auburn, or Congregate, 215, 217. Maconochie, 32. Pennsylvania, 26, 42, 63. Absence of any and all, 114. TALLACK, Howard Association, 243. Tauffer, Emile, Progressive System, 455. Bearing on the Labor Question, 110. Lease System of Labor, 208. Shortened by good behavior, 38, 97. Test or trial of reformatory work, 615. Theft, 44. American Criminals, 112. Chinese Criminal Treatment, 592. Reformatory Officers, 503. Preventive Work, 415, 691. Tramps, 115. [474- Trajeuski, Teacher of Polish Model Reformatory, Abrogation, 30. Used as a Reward, 470, 471. Transferrence from one Prison to another, 485, 628. Unknown in American Prisons, 106. Separation from Convicts, 92. Trinidad Prisons, 262. Truants and Truant Schools, 135, 156. VAGRANTS, male and female, in N. Y. City, 130. : Whately, R., Primary Object of Punishment, 29. Whipping, 24, 99, 289. Wichern, J. W., Child-saving Work, 55, 341, 688. [615. Will of Prisoner and his Reformer Coincident, 50, Examples of highest Success, 518. Windsor, Vt., State-prison, 147. Ideal System of Crime-prevention, 605. Wisconsin Prisons, Reformatories, Asylums, 173. Participators in International Congresses, 54- Workhouses for Vagrants, Inebriates, etc., 114. Würtemberg Prison System, 427. Child-saving Institutions, 692. Wurtz, P. I., Home for Children at Neuhof, 692. YARDS turned into Gardens. 519. Young criminals, special treatment, 64, 350, 625. ZELLER, C. H., at Beuggen, 690, 691. DEPENDENT CHILDREN IN SWITZERLAND. CARE, TRAINING AND STATISTICS.* HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT. INSTITUTIONS for the care of impoverished, neglected, or maltreated children, have, to a limited extent, existed for nearly two centuries in Switzerland. The institutions earliest founded for this purpose, and many of the present day, were, and are now known as Orphan Asylums, but are such only by name, as they do not restrict admission to orphanage, but are open to any child whose parents or guardians desire to enter the same for purposes of better care and discipline, and are willing to pay a nominal sum for maintenance, or gratuitously to such as are dependent, neglected and likely to become vagrants. Some of these institutions whose means are ample, resemble prosperous boarding schools more than asylums for poor and unfortunate children. The farming out of dependent children was also much in vogue at one time among some municipalities, but its results on the whole prove so unsatisfactory, that the practice will soon cease altogether. PESTALOZZI.-WEHRLI.-FELLENBERG. † Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi, who at Neuhof, in 1775, founded the first distinctive institution for the care, instruction, and training of the poor to habits of industry, is the man above all others who, by his ardor and personal sacrifices for the cause, practically inaugurated the present system of industrial training of dependent children. It was he who first gathered about himself ragged, neglected and maltreated children, sought out the youthful victims of the farming out system and reclaimed from almshouses and prisons their juvenile inmates, and taking them to the Home he had prepared at Neuhof, there trained them by example and the force of his profound love, to become useful members of society. His ideas found favor with the eminent philanthropist and scholar, Emanuel Fellenberg, who in 1810 founded at "Hofwyl," what he was pleased to simply call "a school for the poor." John Jacob Wehrli, the most ardent, practical, and successful of Pestalozzi's followers, then but twenty years of age, was placed in charge of this institution, and to his devotion and life-long labor, his unselfishness and careful study of human nature, are greatly due the beneficent results which have By Hon. John Hitz, Consul General of Switzerland at Washington. For full account of Pestalozzi, Fellenberg and other Swiss educators see Barnard's Pestalozzi and Pestalozzianism-the same in Swiss Schools and Pedagogy, Edition of 1880. |