Atlantic Double-Cross: American Literature and British Influence in the Age of EmersonUniversity of Chicago Press, 1989年11月14日 - 358 頁 In this ambitious study of the intense and often adversarial relationship between English and American literature in the nineteenth century, Robert Weisbuch portrays the rise of American literary nationalism as a self-conscious effort to resist and, finally, to transcend the contemporary British influence. Describing the transatlantic "double-cross" of literary influence, Weisbuch documents both the American desire to create a literature distinctly different from English models and the English insistence that any such attempt could only fail. The American response, as he demonstrates, was to make strengths out of national disadvantages by rethinking history, time, and traditional concepts of the self, and by reinterpreting and ridiculing major British texts in mocking allusions and scornful parodies. Weisbuch approaches a precise characterization of this "double-cross" by focusing on paired sets of English and American texts. Investigations of the causes, motives, and literary results of the struggle alternate with detailed analyses of several test cases. Weisbuch considers Melville's challenge to Dickens, Thoreau's response to Coleridge and Wordsworth, Hawthorne's adaptation of Keats and influence on Eliot, Whitman's competition with Arnold, and Poe's reshaping of Shelley. Adding a new dimension to the exploration of an emerging aesthetic consciousness, Atlantic Double-Cross provides important insights into the creation of the American literary canon. |
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內容
The Burden of Britain and the American Writer | 3 |
Melvilles Bartleby and the Dead Letter of Charles Dickens | 36 |
WRITER NATION CULTURE | 55 |
A Litany of Causes | 57 |
Whitmans Personalism Arnolds Culture | 83 |
AGES OF NATIONAL LIFE | 107 |
Cultural Time in England and America | 109 |
Thoreaus Dawn and the Lake Schools Night | 133 |
History Time and Spirit Whitman against Wordsworth Carlyle and Emerson against Themselves | 177 |
REDEEMING THE REAL | 205 |
American Actualism | 207 |
The Actualist Hero Whitman and Wordsworth Emerson and Carlyle Once More | 221 |
THE AGING OF AMERICA | 247 |
Ontological Insecurity | 249 |
Henry James and the Treaty of Gardencourt | 275 |
Notes | 297 |
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actualist allusions Ameri American literature American romantics American writers Anglo-American argues Arnold attempt Bartleby become Bercovitch Bleak House British BURDEN OF BRITAIN Carlyle Carlyle's CHAPTER characterization Charles Brockden Brown Charles Dickens civilization claim Coleridge consciousness create criticism cultural earliness cultural lateness democratic Dickens Dickens's Dickinson difference earlier Emerson England English epic essay European fiction final future Harold Bloom Hawthorne Hawthorne's Henry James hero human idea ideal imagination implies influence Isabel James's Lawyer Leaves of Grass Letter liter literary living London Lynen Matthew Arnold maturity means Melville Melville's Middlemarch Milton Mircea Eliade Moby-Dick myth nature nineteenth century noted novel numbers in parentheses ontological ontological insecurity Osmond past Poe's poem poet poetic poetry Prelude present Puritan Quest for Nationality quoted refuses relation representative romanticism Scarlet Letter sense social Song spirit things Thoreau thought tion University Press Victorian vision Walden Walt Whitman Wordsworth York