PAST ANTERIOR.—I had been dissatisfied. Thou hadst been hoarse. mécontent He had been stubborn. We had been uneasy. enroué You had been inquiet FUTURE.-Shall I be rich? Wilt thou be morose? She will be credulous. We shall be inflexible. Will you be unfaithful? Will crédule infidèle. FUTURE ANTERIOR.- -Shall not I have been too hasty in that affair? vif affaire f. Thou wilt have been civil and polite. He will have been distrustful. honnête We shall have been severe. sévère poli défiant You will have been obstinate. Will not your friends have been good and beneficent? (150.) bienfaisant obstiné CONDITIONAL PRESENT.-I should be too busy. Thou wouldst be occupé skilful. He would be awkward. We should not be credulous. You adroit would not be tired. Would not those things be useless? Would fatigué they not be superfluous ? f. superflu. chose f. (150.) inutile CONDITIONAL PAST.-I should have been grateful. reconnaissant Wouldst thou have been ungrateful? He would not have been absent. Should ingrat we have been avaricious? You would have been stronger than I. IMPERATIVE.-Be affable. Let us not be detained. Be ye discreet. Do not be (in such a hurry). retenu discret si pressé 162. Use of avoir and être as Auxiliaries. The verb avoir is used in conjugating: 1st, Its own compound tenses; as, J'ai eu, I have had. 2nd, The compound tenses of étre; as, J'ai été, I have been. 3rd, The compound tenses of all active or transitive verbs; as, J'ai aimé, I have loved. 4th, The compound tenses of neuter verbs; as, J'ai dormi, I have slept. Except a few conjugated with étre ; as, Je suis tombé, I have fallen. (See Neuter Verbs.) The verb étre is used to conjugate: 1st, All passive verbs; as, Je suis aimé, I am loved. 2nd, The compound tenses of all reflective verbs; as, Il s'est flatté, he has flattered himself. REGULAR VERB S. FIRST CONJUGATION. 163. Model of the First Conjugation, Infinitive Mood ending in ER. The first conjugation comprises the greater number of the verbs, including about 5000, whose terminations are alike through all their changes for mood, tense, number, and person. These terminations are the variable letters, which, for distinction, are printed in italics in the models of the conjugations which follow. NOTE. The greater part of the French verbs ending in er in the infinitive are derived from Latin verbs ending in are in the same mood, or those of the first conjugation; as, Douter, to doubt From the Latin Narrer, to relate......... narrare. portare. Révoquer, to revoke revocare. ... ædificare. | Triompher, to triumph. triumphare. INFINITIVE MOOD. PRESENT.-Aimer, to love. PAST.-Avoir aimé, to have loved. PARTICIPLES. PRESENT.-Aimant, loving. PAST.-Aimé, loved. Ayant aimé, having loved. 164. NOTE. The French form their simple tenses with one word only; they have no emphatic auxiliary like do or did, as I do love, I did love, etc., and never use the participle present as in the English expressions I am loving, I was loving, etc. Je venais d'aimer, FUTURE. J'aimerai, Nous aimerons, They will love. I had just loved. FUTURE ANTERIOR. J'aurai aimé, Nous aurons aimé, *There is another past tense,-J'ai eu aimé, etc.; but the occasions for using it rarely occur. See Illustrations of Moods and Tenses. † See note, page 85, |