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FLEANCE, SOn to Banquo.

SIWARD, Earl of Northumberland, general of the

English forces.

Young SIWARD, his son.

SEYTON, an officer attending on Macbeth.

Son to Macduff.

An English Doctor. A Scotch Doctor.

A Soldier A Porter. An old Man.

Lady MACBETH.

Lady MACDUFF.

Gentlewoman attending on Lady Macbeth.

HECATE, and three Witches.*

Lords, Gentlemen, Officers, Soldiers, Murderers, Attendants, and Messengers.

The Ghost of Banquo, and several other Apparitions.

SCENE-in the end of the fourth act, lies in England; through the rest of the play, in Scotland; and, chiefly, at Macbeth's castle.

* As the play now stands, in Act IV. sc. i. three other witches make their appearance. See note thereon. STEEV.

NTED

ACT I.

SCENE I.-An open Place. Thunder and Lightning. Enter

W

three Witches.

1 Witch.

HEN shall we three meet again

In thunder, lightning, or in rain?

2 Witch. When the hurlyburly's done,

When the battle's lost and won :

3 Witch. That will be ere set of sun.

1 Witch. Where the place?

2 Witch. Upon the heath :

3 Witch. There to meet with Macbeth,

1 Witch. I come, Graymalkin !2

All. Paddock calls : 3 - Anon.

Fair is foul, and foul is fair :

Hover through the fog and filthy air. (Witches vanish.

SCENE II.

A Camp near Fores. Alarum within. Enter King DUNCAN,
MALCOLM, DONALBAIN, LENOX, with Attendants, meeting
a bleeding Soldier.

Dun. What bloody man is that? He can report,
As seemeth by his plight, of the revolt

[1] i. e. the battle in which Macbeth was then engaged. WARB.
[2] From a little black-letter book, entitled, Beware the Cat, 1584, I find it
was permitted to a Witch "to take on her a cattes body nine times." Mr.
Upton observes, that to understand this passage, we should suppose one familiar
calling with the voice of a cat, and another with the croaking of a toad. STE.

[4] According to the late Dr. Goldsmith, and some other naturalists, a frog is called a paddock in the North. In Shakspeare, however, it certainly means a toad. The representation of St. James in the witches' house (one of the set of prints taken from the painter called Hellish Breugel, 1566) exhibits witches flying up and down the chimney on brooms; and before the fire sit grimalkin nd paddock, i. e. a cat, and a toad, with several baboons. There is a cauldron boiling, with a witch near it cutting out the tongue of a snake, as an ingredient for the charm. STEEV.

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i

The newest state.

Mal. This is the serjeant,

Who, like a good and hardy soldier, fought
'Gainst my captivity :- Hail, brave friend!
Say to the king the knowledge of the broil,
As thou didst leave it.

Sol. Doubtfully it stood ;

As two spent swimmers, that do cling together,
And choke their art. The merciless Macdonwald
(Worthy to be a rebel; for, to that,
The multiplying villainies of nature
Do swarm upon him,) from the western isles
Of Kernes and Gallowglasses is supplied ;
And fortune on his damned quarrel smiling,
Show'd like a rebel's whore: But all's too weak:
For brave Macbeth, (well he deserves that name,)
Disdaining fortune, with his brandish'd steel,
Which smok'd with bloody execution,
Like valour's minion,

Carv'd out his passage, till he fac'd the slave;
And ne'er shook hands, nor bade farewell to him,
Till he unseam'd him from the nave to the chaps, 5
And fix'd his head upon our battlements.

Dun. O, valiant cousin! worthy gentleman !
Sol. As whence the sun 'gins his reflexion6
Shipwrecking storms and direful thunders break;

[4] Whether supplied of, for supplied from or with, was a kind of Grecism of Shakspeare's expression; or whether of be a corruption of the editors, who took Kernes and Gallowglasses, which were only light and heavy armed foot, to be the names of two of the western islands, I don't know. WARB.

Of and with are indiscriminately used by our ancient writers. STEEV. [5] We seldom hear of such terrible cross blows given and received but by giants and miscreants in Amadis de Gaule. Besides it must be a strange awkward stroke that could rip him upwards from the navel to the chaps. But Shakspeare certainly wrote:

-he unseam'd him from the nape to the chaps, i. e. cut his skull in two; which might be done by a Highlander's sword. This was a reasonable blow, and very naturally expressed, on supposing it given when the head of the wearied combatant was reclining downwards at the latter end of a long duel. For the nape is the hinder part of the neck, where the vertebre join to the bone of the skull. The word unseamed likewise becomes very proper, and alludes to the suture which goes across the crown of the head in that direction called the sutura sagittalis: and which consequently, must be opened by such a stroke. WARB.

[6] The thought is expressed with some obscurity, but the plain meaning is this: "As the same quarter, whence the blessing of day-light arises, sometimes sends us, by a dreadful reverse, the calamities of storms and tempests; so the glorious event of Macbeth's victory, which promised us the comforts of peace, was immediately succeeded by the alarming news of the Nor weyan invasion." STEEV.

So from that spring, whence comfort seem'd to come,
Discomfort swells. Mark, king of Scotland, mark:
No sooner justice had, with valour arm'd,
Compell'd these skipping Kernes to trust their heels,
But the Norweyan lord, surveying vantage,
With furbish'd arms, and new supplies of men,
Began a fresh assault.

Dun. Dismay'd not this

Our captains, Macbeth and Banquo?

Sol. Yes;

As sparrows, eagles; or the hare, the lion.
If I say sooth, I must report they were
As cannons overcharg'd with double cracks;
So they

Doubly redoubled strokes upon the foe:
Except they meant to bathe in reeking wounds,
Or memorize another Golgotha, 8

I cannot tell:

But I am faint, my gashes cry for help.

Dun. So well thy words become thee, as thy wounds,

They smack of honour both :-Go, get him surgeons.

-Who comes here?

[Exit Soldier, attended.

Enter RosSE.

Mal. The worthy thane of Rosse.

Len. What a haste looks through his eyes! So should

he look,

That seems to speak things strange.

Rosse. God save the king !

Dun. Whence cam'st thou, worthy thane?

Rosse. From Fife, great king,

Where the Norweyan banners flout the sky, 9
And fan our people cold.

Norway himself, with terrible numbers,
Assisted by that most disloyal traitor

The thane of Cawdor, 'gan a dismal conflict:
Till that Bellona's bridegroom, lapp'd in proof,
Confronted him with self-comparisons, 2

[8] i. e. or make another Golgotha, which should be celebrated and deliv. ered down to posterity, with as frequent mention as the first HEATH. [9] The banners may be poetically described as waving in mockery or de

fiance of the sky. STEEV.

[1] Lapt in proof, is, defended by rmour of proof.

STEEV.

[2] i.e. gave him as good as he brought, shew'd he was his equal. WARB.

Point against point rebellious, arm 'gainst arm,
Curbing his lavish spirit: And, to conclude,
The victory fell on us ;-

Dun. Great happiness!

Rosse. That now

Sweno, the Norways' king, craves composition;
Nor would we deign him burial of his men,
Till he disbursed, at Saint Colmes' inch, 3

Ten thousand dollars to our general use.

Dun. No more that thane of Cawdor shall deceive

Our bosom interest :-Go, pronounce his death,
And with his former title greet Macbeth.

Rosse. I'll see it done.

Dun. What he hath lost, noble Macbeth hath won.

SCENE III.

[Exeunt.

A Heath. Thunder. Enter the three Witches.

1 Witch. Where hast thou been, sister?
2 Witch. Killing swine.

3 Witch. Sister, where thou ?

1 Witch. A sailor's wife had chesnuts in her lap, And mounch'd, and mounch'd, and mounch'd:-Give

me, quoth I:

Aroint thee, witch! the rump-fed ronyon5 cries.

[3] Colmes'-inch, now called Inchcomb, is a small island lying in the Firth of Edinburgh, with an abbey upon it, dedicated to St. Columb. Inch, or Inshe, in the Irish and Erse languages, signifies an island. STEEV.

[4] Aroint, or avaunt, be gone. POPE.

In one of the folio editions the reading is-Anoint thee, in a sense very consistent with the common account of witches, who are related to perform many supernatural acts, by the means of unguents, and particularly to fly the ough the air to the places where they meet at their hellish festivals. In this sense, anoint thee, witch, will mean, away, witch, to your infernal assembly. This reading I was inclined to favour, because I had met with the word aroint in no other author; till looking into Hearne's Collections I found it in a very old drawing, that he has published, in which St. Patrick is represented visiting hell, and putting the devils into great confusion by his presence, of whom one, that is driving the damned before him with a prong, has a label issuing out of his mouth with these words, Out out arongt, of which the last is evidently the same with aroint, and used in the same sense as in this passage. JOHNS. Dr Johnson's memory, on the present occasion, appears to have deceived him in more than a single instance. The subject of the above-mentioned drawing is ascertained by a label affixed to it in Gothick letters. Iesus Christus resurgens a mortuis spoliat infernum. My predecessor, indeed, might have been misled by an uncouth abbreviation in the Sacred Name. The words-Out out arongt, are addressed to our Redeemer by Satan, who, the better to enforce them, accompanies them with a blast of the horn he holds in his right hand. Tartareum intendit cornu. Satan is not "driving the damned before him;" nor is any other dæmon present to undertake that

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