"I approached the husbandmen whom I saw | scarcely time to cast a glance around, when four in the field, and asked them, by signs, for some black eunuchs of gigantic size and ferocious asfood. They offered me work, which I eagerly pect rushed upon me with drawn daggers. In a accepted. I was a long time happy with these moment the luxuriant images of pleasure vanishgood people; my days, indeed, were passed in ed from my mind, and I cried, in sudden agony, heavy labour, but my toil procured me sufficient Save me, genius of the ring, from the poniards for present support, and the friendship of my of these murderers. Morad wishes to be any neighbours left me no disquiet respecting the where safe from the violence of such wretches." future. One day, resting from fatigue in my My ring saved me. I was alone on the sandy little hut, I could not avoid tacitly comparing my shore of an island in the Indian Ocean, which toilsome lot with the luxurious ease of the wealthy. appeared to me deserted. Hunger soon compelled 'How happy are they,' I murmured, half uncon- me to explore the interior, and, after clambering sciously, who possess money in abundance, over several steep rocks, I came to a grove where while my incessant labours could not produce in I found some wild fruits, which I eagerly devoura year the comforts that wealth gives them every ed. A cavern, formed by nature in the side of day. I wish that I too had gold-much gold." the rock, afforded me an asylum during the night, "I was suddenly interrupted by want of breath. and I soon sank into a profound slumber. When An extraordinary weight was heaped upon my I awoke, I perceived that I was surrounded by a chest and my limbs, as if the mountains of Kaf troop of black savages, quite naked, ugly, thin, (Caucasus) had been thrown over me. I was having their skins tattooed with the most whimburied under a mountain of gold, which crushed sical figures. They tied me neck and heels like my lungs, and ever since I have been asthmatic. a bundle of goods, and carried me to an open Ah! thought I 'this treasure will cause my park where an immense crowd was assembled. death. I should have desired power rather than My appearance was hailed with a dissonant shout, wealth. I wish I were a king. compared with which the lion's roar, the vulture's scream, the panther's growl, and the serpent's hiss, would have formed an agreeable concert. My bearers placed me near a blazing pile, and I soon discovered that they were worshippers of fire, about to sacrifice me in honour of their infernal deities. They were dragging me to the fatal altar, when I cried out. O genius, save me from these fires. I wish to be in my own country, secure from so horrid a fate.'

"The gold under which I groaned disappeared. I was mounted on a spirited courser, clothed in magnificent robes, surrounded by a numerous army. I was king of Samarcand and Bokhara.

impossible for me to stir. I was entirely naked. The cold water chilled me to the heart. I sank deeper and deeper, the water was already above my chin, when drawing almost my last sigh, I wished to be as far above the earth as I was now beneath it.

"I was a king, but capricious destiny had badly chosen the moment of my elevation. I said that I was surrounded by an army-I should have said by two armies. A fearful battle raged round me. The dead and dying were heaped upon the plain; blood flowed in torrents like the overflowings of "The genius heard my feeble accents. He our blessed river (the Nile.) The soldiers who transported me into the bosom of my country, defended my royal cause were routed and cut to far from the barbarians, and beyond all doubt pieces. I was surrounded by rebels, and before secured from the flames, for I was at the bottom me stood the audacious usurper, full of vigour of the lowest well in the citadel of Cairo, four and rage, his ponderous cimeter, already stained hundred cubits below the surface of the earth. I with the blood of my faithful subjects, was raised had forgotten, in my rapid invocation, to ask deover my head. The desire of escaping impend-liverance from the cords that bound me. It was ing death passed as rapidly through my mind as a flash of lightning over the sky. I disappeared from the fatal field as the blow began to descend, and to it I owe the ghastly scar which you must confess is no great ornament to my countenance. "With the desire of being removed from the field of battle, there mingled almost unconsciously "Instantly I was placed on the highest of the a wish to be transported among those beauties pyramids of Ghyzeh. The burning sun scorchthat adorned the harem of the kingdom I had re-ed, and the pointed rock lacerated my naked ceived. It appears that even my slightest incli- frame. Hunger was added to the rest of my nation had sway over the mysterious being subject sufferings, and hoping to discover some Arab, I to my ring, who indulged in the cruel sport of showing, by strict obedience, that I was myself but the plaything of his fatal power. I was now transported into a magnificent hall which probably formed a part of one of my palaces. The air was perfumed with the richest odours. Columns of polished marble supported a splendid dome; underneath it was a vast basin of porphyry, filled with limpid water, where four ladies, lovely as the Houris, were enjoying the pleasures of the bath,

"The sudden appearance in this sanctuary of pleasure, of an unknown man, bleeding, covered with dust, in all the disorder of battle and flight, made the four ladies scream with terror. I had

succeeded, after much painful toil, in getting my head over the edge of the platform on which I had been placed. Immediately beneath me were two fellahs digging a pit in the sand, 'Oh! that one of them were my father,' I exclaimed, aloud. One of them heard my voice, and raised his head. It was in fact my father. To recognise him and to desire to be with him were one and the same thought. At the instant, whether in spite of my bonds I had made some imprudent movement, or whether, as is more probable, the infernal genius of the ring took advantage of this half-formed wish to consummate my ruin, I felt myself hurled from the top of the precipice, and after being dashed from stone to stone and rock to rock, I fell

senseless at the very bottom of the pit which my father was digging.

"What ensued I know not. On recovering my senses I was on a bed in my father's hut, suffering intolerable anguish, and attended by a skilful Frank physician. The manner in which I had been tied, probably saved my life. My head, legs, and arms, remained unbroken, but they were dreadfully bruised and stripped of their flesh. My spine and ribs, however, were injured beyond the power of medical science to restore, and since that time I have been a decrepid hunchback.

"Soon after the recovery of my health, my family, either unwilling to bear the expense of supporting helpless deformity, or perhaps discovering that the bruises in my head had produced an aberration of intellect, declared me mad, and stated to the magistrates that there was no probability of my reason being restored. I was consequently placed in the Moristan, and happily time and quiet have abated the fits of frenzy to which I was at first subject.

"I am resigned to my lot, and find happiness in this peaceful asylum, which I have sworn never to quit. I have also formed a firm resolution never again to form a desire or have recourse to the fatal ring, of which my imprudence and folly rendered me so long the sport and victim.

"I have faithfully adhered to this resolution, and certainly if the genius enclosed in it gave me proofs of his ill-humour when I disturbed him by foolish demands, he may now boast of enjoying all the pleasures of complete idleness. He can safely assert that since I came into the Moristan, he has been the least employed of all the genii that ever left Ginnistan (the land of the genii) to meddle with the affairs of the sons of Adam."

From the Monthly Review.

The Heavens. By Robert Mudie, author of "A
Guide to the Observations of Nature," &c., &c.
London: Thomas Ward and Co. 1835.

Mr. Mudie is a writer who never fails to convince us, by the manner and the matter of his productions, that he is a close and earnest observer; and one, too, unguided by any forerunner. His love for the study of external nature must be intense, while his remarkable talent in throwing new light on familiar objects proves his intellect to be suited to his enthusiasm, so as to simplify, at the same time that he entices. In short, he takes an accurate, a direct, and an ardently affectionate view of the works of creation; and clothes his thoughts, his discoveries, and his feelings, in such flowing and warm language, that the reader is suddenly and powerfully led into his strain-improved and delighted at once. This result we have felt carried to the pitch, where alone all lessons and gratification should leadto a higher and warmer perception of the power, wisdom, and goodness of the Creator, than when we sat down to study the author; a result, we think, which every one will experience on a perusal of any part of the present elegant (elegant in every sense) little volume.

We deny not that the author appears to us to be usually diffuse, and not very logical either in arrangement or exact in illustration. But being a man of a strong, ardent, and reflecting mind, his rapid and disjointed, but natural, observations, like pictures taken from one object at various aspects, suit well the character of a popular treatise, and leave behind very distinct impressions with those who are unacquainted with purely technical and scientific discussions.

The preface to this volume is not only a beautiful piece of writing, but it happily points After Morad had concluded his story, he show-out some highly important truths, and suggests ed the ring to his auditors. One of them attempt- several striking ideas, not less shrewd than oried to snatch it; a struggle ensued, and Morad, on the point of being conquered, threw the ring into the cistern that supplied the Moristan with water. All search after it was vain. It had disappeared, no one knew how.

AN ALARMING PATRON.-Notwithstanding the prohibition of the Koran against paintings and images, the Sultan Mahomed II. had a fancy for the arts, and sent to invite Gentil Bellini, a Venetian painter, to his court. Soon after his arrival at Constantinople, Bellini was directed to paint a picture on the subject of the beheading of John the Baptist. When the picture was finished, the sultan found fault with the representation of the wounded part; and to show him that his taste was correct, he immediately drew his cimeter, and struck off the head of one of his slaves. Bellini, on leaving the presence, thinking he had got hold of "an ugly customer," set sail for Venice the same evening.

ginal. Mr. Mudie pretends not to the authorship of a system of technical and philosophic astronomy; for, as a science, that of the heavenly bodies is now one of the most perfect and simple, to those who approach it in a systematic manner. But convinced that there is a popular road to this science, both short and easy, he has endeavoured ful path, which he has done, "not by describing to set up a finger post in this amusing and delightthe end to be arrived at, but by attempting to describe the way." Such is the purpose and method which he has had in view, as he tells us, and his attempt is highly praiseworthy, although, perhaps, it may be improved upon. But still, it is no easy matter to divest exact science of its technicalities, or to perceive the extent and precision of its reach without a knowledge of a tongue unknown to the generality of mankind. We, therefore, without saying how far his attempt may be improved, must feel gratified and pleased with the progress he has made in the present essay respecting the laws and phenomena of the heavens.

Nothing can be more just than Mr. Mudie's observation, that however perfect and satisfactory the science of astronomy may be in the eyes of those who systematically have studied it, and however ready many be to lend to its wonderful

fully equal to that of a general officer, and he is usually greeted by that title by Europeans, who, in consequence of the introduction of soubadahs into sepoy regiments, do not attach the same importance to the name as the natives, who are accustomed to hear rulers of provinces entitled soubadahs. Ram Chunder has throughout his life borne a very high character; and the trust now reposed in him, and the liberty he enjoys while in close communication with the ex-peishwa, his master, are the strongest testimonials in favour of his former good conduct.

with the measures necessary for his personal security. | virtue of their rank. Ram Chunder's appointment is He could scarcely, at the head of his government, have been surrounded by a greater number of domestics or a more numerous suwarree, and he keeps up all the state and grandeur of a prince. A very large mansion has been allotted for his residence, and his suwars and military retainers are under the direction of Ram Chunder, a Mahratta general, who was taken with him, but who has been admitted to his parole, and frequently joins the social circle at Cawnpore. The appearance of this personage at the public balls and parties of the station is very striking. He dresses richly in the Mahratta costume, which is rather cumbrous, and not nearly so graceful or so becoming as the tight fitting vests worn by the natives of the upper provinces of Bengal. Neither can the turban compare with the elaborately plaited puggrees, displayed by noblemen and gentlemen of rank, which, though the usual distinguishing mark of a Mahomedan, is sometimes worn by Hindoos. But if the style of Ram Chunder's garments be not so tasteful as that displayed by the exquisites of Lucknow and Delhi, no fault can be found with the splendour of his jewels. He wears a row of pearls, the size of pigeon's eggs, round his neck, which, a princess might covet, nor is this valuable ornament laid by upon ordinary occasions. It forms an appendage to his usual attire, not much in keeping with the everyday dress, which consists in the cold weather of common chintz, lined and wadded. The material is not better than that worn by the domestics of the country, and such as no person of rank would appear in upon any public occasion-shawl, broadcloth, or velvet, being the articles employed; but the Mahrattas have always been notorious for the simplicity, not to say meanness, of their attire. They affect to despise all the effeminate pomp of costly array, and to pride themselves only upon their war equipments, their coats of mail and offensive weapons. A Mahratta horseman, when accoutred for the field, is a very splendid, as well as a very picturesque, personage; but it is only as equestrians that these people are seen to great advantage. Ram Chunder, who is of a kindly temperament and social disposition, appears to take considerable interest in the affairs of the AngloIndian community at Cawnpore. More than once, he has been introduced, at his own request, to ladies who have attracted attention by their intellectual acquirements; and upon one occasion it was rather amusing to see him looking over the contents of an album, belonging to a literary lady, which formed an unique specimen in a place like Cawnpore. He was particularly struck with the drawing of a ship buffeting the billows of a stormy sea, and asked a great many questions concerning it. The natives of insulated districts, in the interior of India, entertain very vague notions respecting the ocean, and the vessels which navigate it. Their curiosity seems to be strongly excited upon the subject, though few of the higher orders are at the trouble to gratify it by an excursion to some distant port. Travellers in India are chiefly confined to two classes, those who have business, and those who have religious duties for their object, and the majority of the latter belong to the lower orders. Pilgrims of rank and wealth are not rare, but they bear no proportion to the numbers of poor people, who either seek remote shrines upon their own account, or as proxies to men who are able to pay for their passport to heaven, and who delegate the less agreeable part of the ceremony to others. The proxies are supposed to derive spiritual advantages equal to those which they procure for their employers, and numbers, therefore, are willing to undertake the toils and hardships of a long journey for a very moderate remuneration. The military title of Ram Chunder is soubadah, literally "captain:" but, under native princes, it gives a larger command than that which persons bearing a captain's commission in the services of European powers, are supposed to hold in

The great Mahratta leader himself is held in much closer imprisonment, and still remains an object of sus picion, although the position of affairs in India is now so completely altered, that many acute politicians are of opinion that he might be set at liberty without the slight est chance that his appearance, amid the scenes of his former exploits, would endanger the peace of the country. Native influence does not extend over any protract. ed period; new combinations arise, new interests are created, and the man who a few years ago was the rally. ing point of thousands, would now find difficulty in attaching a single partisan to his cause. The once renowned and redoubted Bajee Rao, is, at the present period, little better than a dead letter, and it is impossible to speak of his views or his feelings with any degree of certainty, so difficult it is, for those who live in the immediate neighbourhood of the place of his confinement, to learn any thing conclusive concerning them. It is said, that, on the visit of the governor-general to the upper provinces, he was anxious to obtain an interview, but that the great perplexity respecting the ceremonial prevented the meeting. The peishwa could not brook the idea of appearing in the character of a prisoner before the British viceroy, and Lord William would not consent to receive him in any other. This, however, is merely station talk, and perhaps not greatly to be depended upon. At the period of his capture, the peishwa was in the prime of life, and those who have seen him since describe him to be a man of fairer complexion than the generality of natives, with a pleasing countenance, and a figure inclined to corpulency; his manners are affable and condescending, and he has the art of concealing the dark shades of a character stained by the imputation of a thousand crimes. According to common report, no eastern despot ever disgraced the throne by more cold and calculating murders, while the perfidy which brought him to his present condition, has been too indisputably proved to leave a doubt of his being capable of committing the basest acts of treachery. Bajee Rao is happy in his domestic relations; his wife, who shares his captivity. is distinguished for her beauty and the amiability of her character. She receives European ladies, who come t visit her; and gentlemen, paying their respects at the mansion where she resides, sometimes catch a casual glimpse; for, though not openly appearing in public. Mahratta females are less scrupulous of being seen by male eyes, than those belonging to any other native community of India. Imprisonment can make very little difference in the lives of the females of the peishwa household, since they were never destined to taste the sweets of perfect liberty; and could their lord forget his former dignity, and the power he exercised over a large and important territory, he might be happy, or at least content. He possesses every requisite for domestic enjoyment, without the risk and turmoil attendant upon sovereignty; but it would be difficult to convince perscas suffering under a reverse of fortune, that the change is really for the better, and an ambitious mind especially must chafe at the disappointment of all its schemes. The peishwa is under the charge of a British officer, wrin resides at Baitoor, but not in the same mansion with the prisoner, with whose personal arrangements he does n interfere. The appointment of this officer is not one vi

The great drawback to the advantages enjoyed by a person who is handsomely remunerated for comparatively trifling services, is the want of society in the immediate neighbourhood; for, however well disposed natives and Europeans may be towards each other, it is seldom that they derive much pleasure from very intimate association. What in England would be an easy distance, is fatiguing in India, and it would be difficult to keep up a constant communication with Cawnpore in the hot weather. Consequently, during a considerable period of the year, the European family of Baitoor must depend upon its own resources. In a more temperate climate, persons would not be the subject of pity, who had a large garden to amuse themselves in and a good house over their heads; but the impossibility of out-of-door employments of any kind, and the annoyance attendant upon even moderate exertion within doors, completely preclude any thing like rural enjoyment, and render the European residents of Hindoostan totally dependant upon each other. Sometimes we do see a little lean wiry gentleman, burned as black as a coal, who can emulate the natives in their disdain of a thermometer up to a hundred and thirty; or a slight pale lady, who wonders how any body can find the climate too warm, and who plies the needle with nimble fingers, while her companions are fainting from exhaustion but these are rare cases, and it is seldom that a pair of exiles are so well matched.

great responsibility, he being placed at Baitoor chiefly as | ress, and attended a horse, picketed beneath Trimbuckjee's the medium of communication between the ex-peishwa window. This man amused himself with singing Mahand the government; he is not obliged to remain con- ratta songs; a version of one has been given us from the stantly at his post, and is frequently to be seen at the elegant pen of Bishop Heber, and the whole story has balls and parties at Cawnpore. He has a house to live in, been celebrated in a very pretty poem, which appeared in and handsome allowances, in addition to his regimental the second volume of the Bengal Annual, and for which pay; it is therefore considered a very eligible appoint- the editor was indebted to Mrs. Jourdan, the wife of a ment, the duties being light, and under no control. field officer in the Bombay army. A convenient building has been erected purposely for the accommodation of this enterprising Mahratta, within the walls of the fort; all the windows of this mansion are secured by iron gratings, and the guards are stationed in the surrounding verandahs. While the strictest attention has been paid to the security of the prisoner, care has also been taken to afford him all the alleviations which his situation will admit. The apartments he inhabits are large and airy, and he has the range of a sinall garden, in which a pagoda has been erected, in order that he may perform his religious duties in the accustomed manner. This temple is shaded by a peepul tree, which is esteemed sacred by the Hindoos, and, being a Brahmin of high caste, he employs the greater portion of his time in the ceremonials enjoined on that peculiarly favoured race. He is fond also of cultivating his garden, which he has planted with flowers, displaying some degree of taste in their arrangement; but these are not the appropriate occupations of an active and irritable temperament, and Trimbuckjee does not conceal his distaste for a mode of life so uncongenial to his disposition. Four of his own servants have been retained as his personal attendants, but these men are not permitted to sleep out of the fortress, and they undergo a search whenever they pass in or out. They are useful in bringing news from the town to solace the hours of inaction, which the once bustling, intriguing politician, their master, is now condemned to endure. It is well known that Trimbuckjee has not relinquished the hope of obtaining his liberty, nor of mixing himself up again with the public affairs of India. He has never ceased to importune the government to consent to his liberation, promising to give ample security for his future good conduct, and to manifest his gratitude by the performance of the most important services. He is, however, either strongly distrusted, or it is not considercd convenient to allow him to be at large. In the mean time, his property, which has been secured to himself and his family, is accumulating to an enormous amount; perchance in the remote expectation of raising up his political fortunes by means of his wealth, he rejoices over the increase of his riches, and, like many other great men reduced to private life, he descends to petty savings in order to add to the mass. In his state of adversity, he has inspired little respect; he is ignorant to an extent which seems scarcely credible, not being able either to read or write; and to judge from casual intercourse, he seems very ill-calculated for the high situation which he held under the peishwa. With other characteristics of his country, Trimbuckjee has all the Mahratta partiality for slovenly and dirty attire, taking no pains about his personal appearance, even when in the expectation of receiving distinguished visiters. He is fond of company, and encourages Europeans to pay their respects to him; there is no difficulty in obtaining access, the government not being under any apprehensions that its officers would suffer themselves to be prevailed upon to become the tools of this artful person, however adroit and subtle he might be.

:

A medical officer is also attached to the station, though not resident there, he having other duties, which oblige him to divide his time between Baitoor and Cawnpore. The necessity of visiting patients constantly in the hot weather, entails a very serious inconvenience, and in one instance the life of a lady was sacrificed by an experiment tried between her husband and the surgeon, to ascertain whether he was actually obliged to make daily calls upon the sick. We do not remember how the question was settled, but the subject of the dispute was brought to Cawnpore too late to be benefited by the change. She was beyond all medical aid, and both parties had reason to lament the obstinacy with which they had contested the point.

While Bajee Rao enjoys every advantage which it is deemed prudent to grant to a person whom it is necessary to keep under restraint, together with a dubious reputation, some being of opinion that he was rather wrought upon by others, than incited by his own evil passions, his prime minister, Trimbuckjee, is kept in much closer confinement. Upon this man the greatest degree of the odium attached to the peishwa's conspiracy has fallen. Whether justly or unjustly, he is accused of a much deeper participation in the deceit and treachery practised at that eventful period, and he is accordingly more strictly guarded. The strong fortress of Chunar, on the banks of the Ganges, on the opposite side to Benares, and higher up the river, has been selected for the place of Trimbuckjee's confinement. He is very closely watched, having an European as well as a sepoy guard over the house in which he resides, and never being permitted to stir beyond the cognisance of the sentinels. Few places in India have more natural strength than He had contrived to make his escape from his former the fortress of Chunar, and were it necessary to do so, prison, at Tannah, near Bombay, which rendered it ne- it might, like Gibraltar, be rendered impregnable. No cessary to pay a greater degree of attention to the secu-native force could effect its capture at present; and, if rity of his person. An air of romance is spead over the circumstances of his flight from Tannah, which was effected by the co-operation of a partisan, apparently a syce, who engaged himself with the governor of the fort

properly defended, it would make a strong and lengthened resistance against a European army. It is, however, too far from the frontiers to be of much importance in the existing state of our position in India, and it is not

its magnificent trees, with handsome buildings peeping through the vistas, render it altogether not inferior to any of the views obtained upon the Ganges, beautiful and varied, notwithstanding the alleged monotony of that river, as they certainly are. The rocky nature of the country, however, and its sandy soil, materially increase the heat, which is very sensibly felt during the worst seasons of the year.

therefore deemed advisable to construct any new defences. | Christians. The Mussulmans have also a holy place in It stands upon the summit of a rock, which is sur-the neighbourhood of Chunar, the mausoleum of two rounded on all sides by steep precipices, and the engineer saints, father and son, and an accompanying mosque, has displayed no small degree of skill in flanking it with built and endowed by an emperor of Delhi. This durga bastions, wherever it was possible to throw up a battery. is very beautifully situated, in the midst of a large garden, The summit of the rock is table-land, which is richly and does not suffer by a comparison with more celebrated clothed with grass in the rainy season, and shadowed at sepulchral monuments. The architecture is extremely all times by several fine trees. The face towards the beautiful, and the perforated stone lattices, particularly river is particularly formidable, projecting very boldly the elaborate workmanship of native chisels, are highly into the water, and, in consequence, boats sometimes find attractive even to those who have seen the splendid mardifficulty in passing when the current runs strongly ble trellises of Agra and Delhi. The tomb of Sheik Soagainst them. The striking of the boat hooks against liman and his son is situated about three miles from the rock produces a curious effect; clouds of birds rush Chunar, and forms an object for the evening drives of the out of their nests, which they have made in the holes and European inhabitants. The country round about is very crevices, and their twitterings, and the rustling of their romantic, presenting all the attractions which rock and wings, with the dark shadow of the precipice falling over ravine, hill, wood, and water, tastefully disposed by nathe vessel, and the roar of waters below, give a sort of ture's cunning hand, can afford. Chunar is a striking wild sublimity to the scene, which is very exciting. Be-object from the river; the citadel crowning the rock, and yond the fortress, the burial ground of Chunar lies on the side of a hill, sloping into the river. This is one of the most picturesque cemetries which the traveller passes in a tour through the upper provinces of Bengal. The monuments are chiefly of black stone, and it requires very little aid from the imagination to fancy that they are groups of mourners, weeping over the dead who are stretched in cold unconsciousness below. Chunar is altogether a very interesting place, possessing more of picturesque beauty than is usually to be found in European stations, convenience being more studied than landscape in the sites they occupy. The houses belonging to Europeans are very prettily situated on a declivity, most luxuriantly clothed with trees, and covered with orchards and gardens, the native town crowning the summit beyond. Many of the buildings are of stone, there being fine quarries in the neighbourhood; but it has lost all its importance as a station, and now forms one of the asy-They belong to the Sudras, a low tribe, and are not relums for invalid soldiers, both European and native, who cognised by other Hindoos as Khetris, the military caste, are equal to the performance of garrison duty. There though they assumed that designation immediately upon are, however, many remains to interest those who possess their conquest of a large territory, including Agra, which any antiquarian taste. The fort, in itself a great curios- they had seized in the decline of the Mahomedan power. ity, contains several buildings well worthy of inspection; The chiefs of the Jauts styled themselves rajahs, a one of them, a very ancient Hindoo palace, within the title to which they have no real claim, and they supported highest defences of the fort, has particular claims to no- their pretensions with the utmost insolence, boasting that tice, on account of its interior decorations of painting and they would become the sovereigns of India, and drive carving. The apartments, which are vaulted, surround-out the Europeans with the same ease with which they ing a domed chamber in the centre, are extremely dark and very low, the only contrivances which the Hindoos have thought necessary to exclude the heat, natives not appearing to suffer at all from the want of a free circulation of air. The Mussulman invaders, more luxurious, pursued a different plan, and the residence of the Moslem governor, a lofty handsome building, in the Gothic or Saracenic style, now used as an armoury, affords a fine contrast to the narrow gloomy cells of the old palace in its immediate neighbourhood.

Chunar may vie with Benares in the sanctity of its character, and indeed, by those who believe in the tradition which ascribes to the Deity a greater predilection to this spot, than to a city styled, par excellence, holy, it must be still more highly venerated. There is a small court, or quadrangle, surrounded by a wall, and darkened by the shade of a large old peepul tree, which contains a slab of black marble, on which it is said that the invisible Creator of the world takes his seat for nine hours every day, while he only spends the remaining three at Benares. A silver bell hangs upon the branches of the tree, and there is a rude hieroglyphic carved on the opposite wall, a triangle enclosing a rose. The gate of this sanctuary is kept locked, and access only given to it at particular times. The Hindoos who obtain entrance, when shown to any casual visiter, evince the most lively satisfaction in the opportunity afforded them of approaching so sacred a spot; and the absence of all idolatrous objects of worship, gives it a degree of holiness even in the eyes of

Allahabad is the residence of a third prisoner, whose subjugation has been, and will be, productive of the most important results to our empire in the cast, and to the spread of intellectual cultivation amongst the natives. Doorgun Saul, the usurping rajah of Bhurtpore, is accommodated with snug lodgings in the fort, very much against his inclination. He is a Jaut, a race who sprang into notice after the death of Aurungzebe, and whose pretensions to high caste are not borne out by their origin.

had triumphed over the Moghul dynasty. Though in strict alliance with the British government, after Shab Allaum was rescued by Lord Lake from the hands of the Mahrattas, the sovereign of Bhurtpore, the capitol of the territory, secured to him by the treaty of 1803, exerted himself on behalf of Jeswunt Rao Holkar, after a signal defeat, admitting that chief and the remnant of his army into the citadel, and preparing to withstand the siege which was immediately commenced against it. The result of the operations under Lord Lake is well known. It possessed the Jauts with a notion that they were invincible, and all the restless spirits of the frontiers, who trusted that in time of war they should be able to carve out more brilliant fortunes for themselves than they could hope to attain during a period of inaction, desired nothing so much as a second trial of strength between the people of Bhurtpore and the British government. The lenient measures pursued by the latter were misconstrued into a proof of weakness. The Rajah of Bhurtpore dying in 1824, left a son and successor, who only occupied the throne a single month. The decease of this prince led to the events which ultimately occasioned the complete downfall of Bhurtpore. The heir was an infant, not more than seven years old at the period of his father's death; he was recognised by the British government as the legal successor, and his expiring parent had received an assurance of support and protection from Sir David Ochterlony, to the child who, at so tender an age, was left to struggle his way through life. The uncle of the