rected also that private schools and institutions should be permitted in such places only, where there was sufficient provision for education in public schools. The consent for establishing a private school may be revoked, and is not transferable to another person; it expires when instructions have been suspended for six months. With regard to supervision, private schools are subject to the same regulations as public schools; generally a clergyman is president of the visiting board. By circular from the department, of June 17, 1862, the provincial authorities have been empowered to give to foreigners permission for the establishment of private schools without resort to the Department of Education.

VIII. CHRONOLOGICAL REVIEW.

The higher schools of Prussia may be classified according to date of their foundation:

A. Century VIII. and IX.—1, Cathedral School at Halberstadt, from the time of Charlemagne, transformed in 1818 into Cathedral Gymna sium; 2, Cathedral School at Paderborn, in 1614 Gymnasium Theodorianum; 3, Convent School at Pruem, in 1814 école sécondaire, in 1852 Progymnasium; 4, Cathedral School at Münster, in 1588 Gymnasium of the Jesuits.

B. Century X. to XIII.-Convent School at Zeitz about 967, Gymnasium since 1820; 2, School at Treptow on the Rega, in 1170, (Bugenhager's Gymnasium since 1857;) 3, Cathedral School at Stendal, 1194, Gymnasium since 1819.

C. Century XIII.-1, School of St. Maria-Magdalene in Breslau, 1266, Gymnasium in 1643; 2, School of St. Peter's at Berlin in 1276, Coeln Real-Gymnasium in 1829; 3, Latin School at Herford in 1265, Gymnasium Fredericianum in 1766; 4, Cathedral School at Naumburg in 1290, became Cathedral Gymnasium in 1822; 5, School of the Church of St. Elizabeth in Breslau in 1293, Gymnasium in 1562; School of the Convent of Barefeet at Sagan in 1294, turned over to the Jesuits by Wallenstein, Gymnasium in 1846; 7, School at Marienwerder, Gymnasium in 1812; 8, School at Königsberg, Gymnasium in 1818; 9, Kneiphoff's Gymnasium at Königsberg.

D. Century XIV-1, City School at Elbing, (1300,) Gymnasium, (1536;) 2, School at Reuss, (1302,) Electoral Gymnasium, (1778-1802,) école sécondaire (1806,) Gymnasium (1852;) 3, Convent School at Muenchen-Gladbach (1315,) Progymnasium (1846;) 4, Parochial School at Königsberg, about 1335, Gymnasium (1811;) 5, Latin School at Wesel, (1342;) Gymnasium Academicum (1613;) 6, Classical School at Liegnitz, by combination of two parochial schools (1369,) Gymnasium (1814;) 7, Latin School at New Ruppin (1365,) Gymnasium (1812;) 8, Parochial School of St. John in Danzig (1350,) Real-School of first order (1860;) 9, Latin School of Marienburg (1351-1382,) Gymnasium (1860;) 10, Latin Schools of the Knights of St. John (1365,) of the Augustines (1350,) united at Glatz into Jesuits' College (1626,) Catholic Gymnasium

since 1773; 11, Academy at Culm (1386,) Secondary Burgher-School (1862;) 12, from the schools connected with the Norbertine Convent at Wedinghouse, near Arnsberg, was formed in 1643 the Gymnasium Norberti-Laurentianum; 13, two Secondary Schools in the old and new city of Quedlinberg (1540,) Lutheran Classical School in 17th century, and formed into Gymnasium illustre; 14, The old Latin School of the Church of St. Nicholas at Goerlitz, removed to the city in the 14th century, Gymnasium Augustum (1565.)

E. Century XV.-1, Gymnasium Montanum (1420,) Laurentianum (1440,) Cucanum (1450,) at Cologne transformed (1820,) after many changes since 1815 into the Catholic Gymnasium of Marzellen, into Evangelical Frederic Wilhelm Gymnasium (1830,) Catholic Gymnasium of the Apostles (1860 ;) 2, St. Peter's School at Danzic (1457,) Real-School, first order (1860;) 3, School at Trottau (1480,) Gymnasium (1825,) RealSciences introduced (1861;) 4, Latin School at Seehausen, i. A. M. 1482, Progymnasium (1863,) Gymnasium (1865;) 5, Latin School at Aschersleben, Real-School, second order, (1859;) 6, Latin School at Anclam, Gymnasium (1847.)

F. Before the Reformation, in old time, undetermined.-1, Latin School at Linz on the Rhine, called Gymnasium Martianum, Progymnasium since 1855; 2, Latin School of the Catholic Convent Church at Essen, after the Reformation a Lutheran Burgher-School, Gymnasium since 1819; 3, Convent School at Vreden, since 1842 Progymnasium Georgianum; 4, Parochial Schools in the old and new city of Salzwedel, in 1744 united Latin School, in 1819 Gymnasium; 5, Parochial School at Guben, Gymnasium in 1818; 6, Great School at Spandau, Progymnasium since 1053, Gymnasium (1862;) 7, Great City-School at Perleberg, Real-School of first order, (1861;) 8, School at Prenzlau, Gymnasium (1812;) 9, Latin School of the Convent of the Holy Ghost at Breslau; 10, Latin School at Lauban, Gymnasium (1827;) 11, St. Martin's School at Halberstadt, Real-School, first order, (1863;) 12, Latin School at Schleusingen, Gymnasium (1853;) 13, School at Lippstadt, Real-School, first order, (1859;) 14, City-School at Emmerich, Gymnasium (1832;) 16, Parochial School at Luckau, Gymnasium, (1818;) 17, Convent School at Eupen, école sécondaire communale (1794,) Secondary City-School (1814,) Secondary Burgher-School (1863.)

G. Century XVI.—a. Beginning of the century: 1, Secondary-School at Attendorn, Progymnasium (1825 ;) 2, Latin School of the Franciscan monks at Duren, Gymnasium (1826;) 3, School of the Convent of St. Severi at Erfurt, Protestant City Gymnasium, (1561,) Royal Gymnasium, (1820;) 4, Reformed School at Kreuznach, école sécondaire, (1802,) Gymnasium of four classes, (1819,) of six classes, (1821;) 5, Latin School at Lennep, Secondary City-School in 1855; 6, Parochial School of St. Laurentii at Warendorf, Gymnasium Laurentianum (1857;) 7, Old Cathedral School at Colberg, Real-School (1845,) Gymnasium (1858,) at the same time Real-School, second order, (1863,) and Real School, first order,

(1865;) 8, Latin School at Grunberg, Real-School, first order, (1860;) 9, Evangelical Parochial School at Grossglogau, Evangelical Gymnasium, (1812;) 10, City-School at Stargard, United Royal and Groning Gymnasium, (1812.)

H. Century XVI., b. 1520–1560.-1, Evang. Latin School at Wittenberg, (1522,) Gymnasium (1827;) 2, Evangelical City School at Nordhausen, (1524,) Gymnasium, (1808;) 3, Union of three parochial schools at Stralsund to one classical school, in 1525, Gymnasium since end of 16th century; 4, Latin School at Eisleben, founded by Albert, Count of Mansfeld (1525,) united by Luther with St. Andrew's and St. Nicolas' School to a "chiefly Latin" School (1546,) Gymnasium, (1596;) 5, Protestant Latin School at Königsberg in Pr. (1525,) Real-School, first order, (1860;) 6, Lutheran School at Hirschberg (1526,) Gymnasium (1813;) 7, Union of Cathedral and City Schools at Brieg into City School (1529,) Gymnasium illustre (1569;) 8, Evang. School at Minden, (1530,) Real-School, first order, (1859 ;) 9, Latin School at Soest (1532,) Archigymnasium (1606; 10, Evang. City School at Bunzlau (1532,) Gymnasium (1861;) 11, School of Sts. Albinus and Ægidius at Cottbus, Latin School since 1537, Gymnasium (1820;) 12, City Lyceum at Francfurt on the Oder (1539,) Real-School, first order, (1861;) 13, Archigymnasium illustre at Dortmund (1543,) Gymnasium, with Real-School of first order, (1862 ;) 14, Lutheran Lyceum at Muehlhausen (1543,) Gymnasium (1626;) 15, State School at Pforta (1543;) 16, Pedagogium at Stettin (1543,) united with the Parochial School of St. James (14th century) into Royal and City Gymnasium (1805;) 17, Ducal Gymnasium at Dusseldorf (1545 ;) 18, Ducal Partic. School at Rastenburg (1545,) Gymnasium (1815;) 19, Lyceum at Wernigerode (1550,) Gymnasium (1863;) 20, Institute of the Convent at Rossleben (1554); 21, Evang. School at Wetzlar (1555,) Gymnasium (1743;) 22, School of the Reformed Brothers' Union at Lissa (1555,) Provincial Gymnasium (1624,) Royal Gymnasium (1821;) 23, Ducal School at Oels (1556,) Gymnasium illustre (1594,) recognized as Gymnasium (1812;) 24, Convent School at Bielefeld (1558,) soon after extended to Gymnasium; 25, Evang. Classical School at Danzig (1558,) reopened (1817;) 26, Classical School at Thorn (1557,) Real-School, first order, (1861;) 27, Latin School at Trarbach (1557,) Progymnasium (1855;) 28, Gymnasium at Duisburg (1559,) at the same time Real-School, first order, (1862;) 29, School of Sts. Catharine and Amalberg Church at Brandenburg, after the Reformation, Neustadt City School, first director known (1558,) united Gymnasium (1798.)

I. Century XVI., c. after 1560.—1, Classical Institute Hosianum at Braunsberg (1565,) Gymnasium (1811;) 2, Evang. Free School of Preparation for Secondary-Schools at Donndorf (1561;) 3, Union of the three Primary Schools at Greifswalde to one City School (1561,) Gymnasium (1812,) with Real-School, second order, (1859;) 4, College of the Jesuits at Treves (1563,) Gymnasium (1815;) 5, Evang. City School at NewStettin (1570,) Gymnasium (1640;) 6, Catholic Latin School at Ander

nach (1573,) Progymnasium (1815,) perfected in 1863; 7, the old School at Croffen, extended to a Classical School (1573,) secondary Burgherschool (1862;) 8, School of the Jesuits at Posen, (1573,) Vog. sim. Gymnasium (1804,) divided into Catholic Mary's Gymnasium and Protestant Frederic Wilhelm Gymnasium (1834;) 9, Berlin Gymnasium of the Gray Convent (1574;) 10, Cathedral School at Merseburg (1574,) Cathedral Gymnasium (1820;) 11, School of the Jesuits at Heiligenstadt (1575,) reopened as electoral Mayence Gymnasium (1774,) united with the Catholic Progymnasium at Erfurt (1834;) 12, Latin School at Saarbruck (1580,) Gymnasium and Provincial School (1604,) Gymnasium of six classes (1818-23; 13, College of the Jesuits at Coblentz (1586,) electoral Gymnasium (1773,) école sécondaire (1803,) Gymnasium (1814;) 14, Schola illustris at Mörs (1582,) Progymnasium (1824,) completed (1862 ;) 15, City-school at Tilsit (1586,) Gymnasium (1812;) 16, Provincial school at Lyck (1588,) Gymnasium (1812;) 17, old Latin School, Brandenburg, since 1589 Soldern's School, united with the school in the new city (1797,) Burgher-School (1817-18,) Real-School, first order, (1859;) 18, School in the Convent at Shuttorf, near Bentheim, (1588,) Gymnasium illustre (1591,) removed to Burgsteinfurt, reopened (1853,) with Real-School, second order, from 1861.

K. Century XVI., d. of unknown date.-1, Great School at Coeslin, Royal and City Gymnasium (1821;) 2, City-School at Custrin, RealSchool, second order, (1859;) 3, German and Latin School at Elberfeld, Gymnasium (1789;) 4, Lyceum at Landsberg, a W., Gymnasium (1859,) with Real-School, first order, (1862;) 5, Great City-School at Memel, Gymnasium (1860;) 6, Evang. City-School at Pyritz, Gymnasium (1859;) 7, Beginning of an Evang. Classical School at Wehlau, Real-School, second order, (1859;) 8, at Graudenz, a, Catholic Classical School in a Jesuit College, Catholic Gymnasium (1781,) Seminary for Catholic primary scholars (1817,) b, Evang. Lutheran City-School, Real-School, second order, since 1859; 9, in the second period of the century, Lutheran Parochial School at Insterburg, in 1834 secondary Burgher-School, RealSchool, second order, (1859,) Gymnasium with Real-School (1862,) became Real-School, first order, (1862 ;) 10, Revival of the Classical School at Schweidnitz, suspended during the Thirty Years' War, reopened (1707) as a Lyceum, Gymnasium (1812;) 11, about the end of the century, Gymnasium of the Jesuits at Aix-la-Chapelle, reorganized as Gymnasium (1816;) 12, Secondary-School at Juelich, College of the Jesuits (1664,) Progymnasium (1862;) 13, School of the Franciscan Convent at Wartburg, founded before the 17th century, enlarged to a Gymnasium Marianum (1642,) Progymnasium (1856.)

L. Century XVII.-1, Electoral Institute at Joachimsthal in the UckerMark (1607,) removed to Berlin as Joachimsthal Gymnasium (1650;) 2, Evang. Reformed School at Cleve (1617,) organized after the general plan for Gymnasiums (1782;) 3, School of the Jesuits at Conitz (1620,) Gymnasium (1815;) 4, College of the Jesuits at Neisse (1622,) Catholic Gym

nasium (1773;) 5, Secondary-School of the Jesuits at Muenstereiffel (1625,) Gymnasium (1774–1810,) remodeled (1821 ;) 6, Collegium Ferdinandeum of the Jesuits at Grossglogau (1626,) Catholic Gymnasium (1773;) 7, Jesuit Gymnasium at Coesfeld (1627,) complete Gymnasium (1828;) 8, School of the Jesuits at Roessel (1631,) Progymnasium (1833,) Gymnasium (1865;) 9, Institute of the Jesuits at Breslau (1638,) College and Gymnasium (1659;) 10, Convent-School of the Franciscans at Recklinghausen (1642,) secondary City-School (1820,) Progymnasium (1822.) Gymnasium (1828;) 11, Convent-School of the Franciscans at Dorsten, Gymnasium Patrinum (1642,) Progymnasium (1856 ;) 12, Latin ConventSchool at Neustadt, W. P., (1651,) Progymnasium (1857,) Gymnasium (1861;) 13, School of the Franciscus Minorites at Brilon (1652,) Gymnasium Petrinum (1858;) 14, Gymnasium illustre at Hamm (1657,) Gymnasium (1779;) 15, Gymnasium Dionysianum at Rheine, under direction of the Franciscans (1658,) Gymnasium Dionysianum (1861;) 16, Gymnasium Thomæum at Kempen (1664,) reopened (1802,) école secondaire (1804,) City-School of four classes (1814,) Progymnasium (1833.) Gymnasium (1857;) 17, Burgher-School at Königsberg, P., (1664,) Real-School, School, first order, (1859;) 18, School of the Jesuits at Oppeln (1669,) Catholic Gymnasium (1773;) 19, School of the Jesuits at Deutsch Krone (1672,) Progymnasium (1823,) Gymnasium (1855;) 20, School of the Minorite Convent at Siegburg (1673,) Progymnasium (1855;) 21, Gymnasium of the Jesuits at Bonn (1673,) Prussian Gymnasium (1814;) 22, Latin School at Magdeburg (1674,) Cathedral Gymnasium (1822;) 23, Frederic Werder Gymnasium at Berlin (1681 ;) 24, College Royale Française at Berlin (1689;) 25, Latin School at Wipperfurth (1690,) Progymnasium (1855;) 26, Frederic School at Francfort, second order, (1694,) Gymnasium (1814;) 27, Franke's Institutes at Halle; Poor School and Pedagogium (1695,) Latin School (1697;) 28, College Française at Königsberg, Private School (1698,) Royal School (1701.)

M. Century XVIII-1, The Academy of Knights at Brandenburg, (1705;) 2, College of the Augustines at Saarlouis (1707-1789,) Progymnasium (1816,) secondary Burgher-School (1862;) 3, Academy of Knights at Liegnitz (1708;) 4, Evang. School at Landshut (1709,) Real-School, second order, (1859;) 5, Pedagogium of the Convent of our Lady at Magdeburg (1711;) 6, Latin School at Neuweid (1716,) Gymnasium (1819) partly secondary Burgher-School, partly Gymnasium (1825;) 7, School of the Jesuits at Fraustadt (1722,) dissolved (1773,) reëstablished (1781,) Real-School, first order, (1860;) 8, Orphan Home and Institute at Zullichau (1723,) Royal Pedagogium (1766;) 9, Great School at Gumbinnen soon after 1724, Gymnasium (1812;) 10, Enlargement of the Latin School at Potsdam (1739,) Gymnasium (1812;) 11, Gymnasium Mariano-Seraphico-Nepomucenum at Rietberg (1743,) Progymnasium (1825;) 12, Royal Real-School and Frederic Wilhelm Gymnasium at Berlin (1747,) Gymnasium and Real-School, first order, (1859;) 13, Latin School at Leobschutz (1752,) Catholic Gymnasium (1802;) 14, Orphan