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The problems themselves, if approached in the proper manner, are anything but a bore. These should be thought of as a game, and every problem played exactly as is a stroke in golf. The student pits his skill against the school; there are seventy odd problems to do. How many golfers make a round in seventy odd perfect shots? But here is what all champions tell us when you make a dub shot, forget it immediately and cleanly. To a student struggling with General A's dilemma, no better advice could be offered. In other words, no good golfer ever lets a poor shot lower his morale, and no student should ever brood over a problem which he considers likely to hatch a CU. Often it will come back an agreeable surprise, or if the worst happens. it is water under the bridge, and that is lost in the sea.

The comparison with golf may be carried further, for exactly as the

golfer comes to believe after several beautiful shots that he has "arrived," so does a student upon receiving several successive "A's" cajole himself that he has the system and sits on the world. If you are a golfer you know what may happen.

But no longer is it the fateful thing, as it was in the not very distant past, to make average marks; then only those who handed in the very best papers ever received much subsequent consideration, whereas now considerable weight is given to some other factors, as previous record. This policy, the soundness of which few question, has resulted in a school year of more friendly association, of less strain and worry for fear another might push ahead by the margin of a tenth or two. And fortunately, the drift portends further broadening in this direction, for it is belittling to our art, as it would be to any art, to say that mastery, skill, are to be determined by a set of figures.

I

Americanism

HREE hundred years
ago this country was
a virgin wilderness.
Today it leads the
world of nations in
power and wealth
and as a desirable

residence for free
men. How did it all
come about?

This nation wasn't invented. It didn't "just grow." It is an evolution, due to earnest effort of real men and women who possessed ideals and devoted their lives to them. It has cost much blood and treasure. It is ours to enjoy ours to improve and glorify and ours to perpetuate and hand on to posterity. This means we must defend it in every instance against all foes, whether within or without; and the most subtle foe is the one who works from within.

The complexity and hurry of our modern life are such that unless purposeful effort be made to avoid it, our on-coming generations may lose sight of those high ideals adherence to which have wrought this Nation-ideals which we of today are pleased to include under the one term-Americanism.

Our forefathers sought these shores for escape from tyranny and oppression in one form or another-in a word, for Freedom. They brought with them. many old world ideas, including both good and bad. But the desire for representative government; for tolerance of worship as each man saw fit; for justice; and for peace were strongly

inherent in all the Colonies. Throughout a century and a half of growth and development, the need for a Union to secure strength and protection became apparent; but such a Union was impossible so long as the Colonies remained subject to a foreign power. Finally, Independence was declared in 1776; but the mere declaration of independence did not alone secure it. Only after long years of war, entailing untold suffering, hardship, and deprivation, during which the Colonies were held together by the force of character and the fortitude of Washington, Franklin, Patrick Henry and men of equally high ideals and determination, was the enemy forced to surrender and the war terminated. But even then independence was not conceded by the mother country, who a quarter-century later forced upon us a further effort to defend our birthright.

The same men who were so instrumental in winning independence for the Country were prominent in the early welding of the Colonies into this Nation -the United States of America. Not until eleven years after Independence had been declared was a Constitution agreed upon; and two years later it was ratified by all the thirteen Colonies. Thus was born in 1789, or 134 years ago, this great free Nation which always has been, is now, and ever must be the envy of the oppressed throughout the world-a Land of the Free!

It must be noted that through all the trials, tribulations, and growth of this country its development has been

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1 Broadcasted 9.05 P. M., May 4, 1923, through KYW, by Col. Frank D. Ely, Chief of Staff, VI Army Corps.

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nderrater, Capt.

Left to right, seated-Capt. E. J. Boyer, Capt. S. O. Nr
L. A. Page, Capt. J. W. Bollenbeck. Left to right, standing-Lieut. J. E. Fierce, Lieut.
F. C. Christy, Lieut. C. F. Colson and Lieut. W. S. Murray

happily settled as now conceded by North and South alike.

From its very birth there has always been an element in its population, as among all peoples, which has been inimical to the best that was in us-inimical to our development as a free nation, tolerant, good natured, true to all mankind but mighty and terrible in just wrath. Such elements have been known by various names, and right now

tions take the place of those virtues. reverence for which has carried America to the pinnacle of progress among all the nations of the world.

The reasons for adopting a Constitution and establishing a government that should be a Union and possess strength and coercive power are clearly stated in the preamble to our Constitution. A more perfect Union-Justice -domestic peace-a common defense

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whether from foe within or foe without. But the question arises, and must hereafter be ever with us-Are We Doing All That Is Essential To Insure That In The Present And Future This Nation Shall Not Only Endure, But Shall Healthily Grow And Develop In Full Keeping With The Advances Of Science And Civilization, While Still Sacredly Preserving American Ideals?

That, Fellow-Americans, is the great all-inclusive question before us, now and forevermore. With the ever-increasing complexity of life; with the increased difficulty of properly assimilating our foreign gained populations; due to the prevalence throughout much of the World of unsound and Revolutionary doctrines-because of all these and other and new difficulties which will arise from time to time, to be met and solved by this and every succeeding generation, it behooves every true American to be now and forevermore, On Guard!

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Maj. Charles H. White, Infantry

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Lo

S soon as sailing vessels began to ply the Pacific and to develop commerce the importance of the Hawaiian Islands, or Sandwich Islands as they were then known, was well appreciated. Before the day of the steam vessel in the 19th century, whaling vessels and trading vessels found it necessary to replenish their water and fresh foods in the Hawaiian Islands on their long voyages across the Pacific. comotion was slower and the vast reaches of the Pacific more formidable in those days, making it necessary to have intermediate bases for replenishment of supplies. Hawaii was admirably situated for that purpose as Commander Downes, U. S. N., in 1832 observed in his report when he said that "these islands standing at the cross-roads of the pathways of commerce have a great interest to the United States." With the coming of With the coming of coal and oil burning vessels distances became less formidable, the necessity for the replenishment of water and fresh food diminished, but the necessity for bases for re-fueling came into being and all-important.

Even in those early days of the 19th century and of the sailing vessel, there were minds in the United States thinking beyond the shore lines of the continent and appreciating the strategic possibilities of the Hawaiian Islands.

In 1832 Commander Downes of our Navy reports: "During a war what interest would not these islands hold out as sources of refreshment for our men-of-war while protecting our commerce and other interests in these seas." How prophetic! In 1842 we find President Tyler giving notice to Europe that the United States would never view with approval the occupancy of these islands by a European nation. In 1846 we find Lieutenant J. W. Curtis of the old frigate Constitution (Old Ironsides) unfolding a plan for protection of these islands by fortifying Honolulu and Pearl Harbor, and telling the world what a magnificent naval base Pearl Harbor would make, and recommending it to be developed as such. In 1875 we find President Grant appreciating the strategic possibilities of Hawaii and negotiating a reciprocity treaty by which Hawaii was bound not to cede or lease any port or land, or grant any special privilege, to any nation other than the United States for the period of the treaty. In 1887 we see this judgment sustained and re-affirmed by President Cleveland in his renewal of the treaty for 7 years, and by its extension to give the United States the exclusive right to establish and maintain a coaling and repair station at Pearl Harbor.

The progress of world events since those days has only strengthened the vision and judgment of our earlier statesmen. In speaking of the world's commerce President Roosevelt said:

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