With -ede, -edon : lycedon I 5. 1, lyceton 5. 30 (with t for d), gespelledon 24. 15, geondsuarede 7. 43, &c., ondsuaredon 9. 19, æ in geondsuaræde 14. 5, ai in ondsuaraide 20. 3, o in nacode I 5. 8, oe in lycoedon I 8. 9.

Eldeodigde 15. 13 is an illustration of syncope of the middle vowel, but cf. also S. 413, anm. 7; for syncope in the forms of geondwearda, cf. preterites of Class I, § 105.

(3) Preterite Participle. The regular ending is -ad: gecostad 4. 13, fæstnad 1. 27, gehaðrad 12. 50, gemiclad 4. 15, gemersad 1. 5, gehni rad 6. 37, geplontad 13. 6, gebriordad 15. 23, geondspurnad 7. 23, aundrad 7. 9; -æd in gehoræd 18. 32; -ed in geclænsed I 4. 19, gecosted 4. 2, 6. 18, gedeðed 23. 32, gedrysned I 3. 4, gegeadred I 4. 10, gehlaðed 14. 8, gemyndged I 3. 13, gepined I 9. 4, gehriorded 6. 21, 15. 29, gewoedded 1. 27.

Inflected forms: geendade 2. 43, gefyrhtedo 24. 37, gehiuadne I 9. 2, awundrade 2. 18, 48, 11. 44.

§ 107. Class III.

Of the verbs belonging to this class (cf. S. 415, 416), the following are met in Luke:

(1) Habba. Pres. ind. I sing., hæfo 12. 17, hæfic 11. 16, hafo 7. 40; 2 sing., hæfeð 12. 19, hæfes 18. 22; 3 sing., hæfeð 3. 11, hafed 17. 9, hæfes 19. 26, hæfis 19. 25, habbað I 8. 15; pl., habbað 3. 8, habbas 12. 4, hab' 9. 58; opt. 3 sing., hæbbe 8. 18; pl., hæbbe 13. 3; imp. sing., hæfe 10. 35; pl., habas 9. 3; inf., habba 24. 39, habbanne 21. 36, hæbbendo I 7. 16; pres. part., hæbbende 15. 7, hæbbendo I 7. 16 (used as the inflected infinitive), hæbbend 7. 2, hæbbendum 7. 42, næbbende 3. 11; pret. part., hæfde 19. 20, hæbde 8. 6.

(2) Sæcga. Pres. ind. I sing., sægo 19. 40; 3 sing., sægeð 18. 3, saegeð I 3. 11; pl., sæcgað 24. 17.; imp. sing., sæge 8. 39, saeg 9. 60; pl., sægcas 7. 22; inf., eftsæcga 9.61; pret. ind. sing., sægde I 5. 16; pl., sægdon 8. 48; pret. part., gesægd I 4. 4, eftasægd I 4. 13, asægd I 3. 12. (3) Lifiga. Pres. ind. 3 sing., lifes 4. 4; pl., lifigað 20.

1

1

38; inf., lifiga 24. 23; opt. sing., gelifige 10. 28; part., lifigiende 10. 30, lifiende 24. 5, hlifigiendra 20. 38; pret. sing., lifde 2. 36, 15. 24, &c.

(4) Friga. Pret. part., gefreod I 8. 9, 12. 58, gefreo"ad 1. 74.

(5) Fiaga. Pres. ind. 3 sing., gefiweð 16. 13; pret. pl., gefiadon 19. 14.

(6) Smeaga. Pres. ind. 3 sing., smeað 14. 31; inf., gesmeage 5. 21; part., smeande I 7. 10, foresmeande I 10. 14; pret. sing., smeade 12. 17; pl., gesmeadon 20. 14.

(7) dreaga. Pres. ind. I sing., drea 23. 22; 3 sing., geðrað 9. 1; imp. sing., geðrea 17. 3; pret. sing., geðreade I 10. 11, 4. 35, &c., geðreade I 7. 11; pl., gedreadon 18. 15, 18. 39; part., geðread I 5. 14.

(8) Hycga. Pres. ind. 3 sing., forhogeð 16. 13; inf., forhycganne 11. 42.

(9) Giwiga. Pres. ind. 2 sing., ofergiuas 10. 35; 3 sing., giuiað 11. 10, giueð 11. 11, giuað 11. 12; pl., giuað 12. 48; imp. pl., giuiað 11. 9; inf., giuge 19. 23; part., giuiende 6. 30, giwigende I 9. 13; pret., giude 23. 52, 19. 23, gegiuade 1. 63.

(1c) For the remains of the old Class III in other classes, cf. S. 416, anm. 8ff.: scyniga I 7. 12 (S. 416, anm. 11), geondspyrne 17. 2, ondspyrnende I 9. 4, gedrygde 7. 38 (besides f'drugade 8. 6), suigdon 9. 36 (S. 416, anm. 17), &c.

CHAPTER XV. MINOR GROUPS.

§ 108. Preteritive Present Verbs.

I. First Ablaut Class.-(1) Pres. ind. I and 3 sing., wat 16. 15; pl., wutum 20. 14, wutton 20. 21, wutað 11. 13, witted 21. 30, wuton 11. 44; opt. sing., witto 1. 18; pl., witte 8. 10, witte 5. 24; imp. pl., wutað 10. 11, wuted 12. 39, wuttað 21. 31; inf., wuttanne 8. 10; pres.

part., wittende I 7. 18; pret. ind. 2 sing., wistes (four times); 3 sing., wiste 12. 39; pl. wiston 20. 7.

(2) Pres. ind. I sing., ah 18. 12; 3 sing., ah 12. 44; pl., agon 12. 33; opt., ága 18. 18; pret., ahte 7. 41.

II. Third Ablaut Class.-(1) Pres. ind. I sing., conn 1. 34, &c.; pret. 2 sing., cudes 22. 34; pl., cuðu 2. 49 (followed by the pronoun gie), cuðon 2. 43.

(2) Pres. ind. 3 pl., bedorfeð 15. 7, dofed 5. 31 (an error for dorfeð).

(3) Pret. pl., darston 20. 40.

III. (1) Pres. ind. pl., sciolon 13. 5, sciolo 13. 3; pret. sing., scealde 9. 31.

(2) Pres. imp. sing., gemyne 23. 42, gemona 16. 25 (or inf. ?, S. 423, anm. 2; the alternative in the text, however, is gedencg, manifestly an imp.).

IV. Fifth Ablaut Class.-Pres. ind. I sing., mæg. 10. 25, mæge 11. 7; 2 sing., mæht 5. 12; 3 sing., mæge 3. 8, &c., mæg 6. 39, maeg 14. 31; pl., magon 11. 46, mago 5. 34, &c.; opt. sing., mæge 18. 41, 1. 20; inf., mæge I 7. 5; pret. ind. sing., mæhte 1. 22; pl., mæhton 8. 19, mæghton 20. 26.

V. Sixth Ablaut Class.-Pres. ind. pl., moto 22. 49.

§ 109. The Substantive Verb.-Roots *es-, and *er- or *or- (cf. Kal. 192): pres. ind. I sing., am 1. 19, &c. ; 2 sing., arð 4. 34, &c.; 3 sing., is 2. 49, &c.; pl., sindon 9. 12, &c., sint 2. 49, sind 17. 24, aron 4. 6, &c., aro 24. 38; opt. sing., sie 20. 16, se 12. 58, sẻ 4. 3, sée 12. 56, nesé 6. 40; pl., sie 12. 35, se (thirteen times).

Root *bheu- pres. ind. I sing., beom 13. 32, biom 9. 41; 2 sing., bist 1. 76; 3 sing., bið 1. 15, bid 8. 17; pl., biðon 3. 5, I 11. 7.

Root wes- Pres. imp. sing., was 18. 13; pl., wosað 3. 14; inf., wosa 11. 7, wosanne 2. 49; pret. ind. 3 sing., was 2. 2, &c., was 22. 59; pl., weron 4. 13, &c., wero 16. 12, woeron 12. 3, &c., woero I 9. 9, wer 2. 22; opt. sing., were 2. 4, nere I 3. 9, I 8. 11, woere I 7. 20, wære 5. 12,

wero 16. 22; pl., woeron I 1. 5, woere I 1. 7, were I 9. 4, wero 3. 7.

§ 110. The Verb Willa.

3;

Pres. ind. I sing., willo 5. 13, wælle 13. 20, wællo 20. 3 sing., will 13. 31, wil' 9. 23, wælle 10. 22; pl. wælle 6. 31, wallað 16. 26, wallas 8. 20, nallo 19. 14; opt. 2 sing., welle 22. 42; 3 sing., wælle 9. 24; imp. sing., nelle 14. 12; pl., wælla 12. 29, wallað 18. 16, nællað 6. 37, nellað 6. 37; pret. ind. 1 and 3 sing., walde 19. 23; 2 sing., waldest 13. 34; opt. sing., wælde 1. 62.

§ 111. The Verb Doa.

Pres. ind. I sing., doam 12. 18, &c., dóm 20. 8, doa 12. 17, dóe 18. 11, do 20. 13; 2 sing., does 11. 45, doest 14. 13; 3 sing., doeð 3. 9, &c., doæð 12. 37, doað 3. 11, does 20. 15; pl., doad 3. 10, &c., does 6. 2, doas 23. 34; opt. sing., doam 18. 41, doe 18. 18; pl., gedoe 6. 31; imp. sing., do 4. 23, dó 10. 28, dóo 10. 37; pl., doað 9. 14, undoeð 19. 30; inf., doa 6. 9, gedoe I 9. 20, doane 17. 10; pres. part., doend 4. 1, &c., doende 12. 43, &c.; pret. ind. 1 and 3 sing., dyde 1. 25, &c. ; 2 sing., dydest 2. 48; pl., dydon 5. 6, &c., dedon 9. 15, derhdedon 2. 39; opt. pl., dydon 2. 27, dedon 6. 11; pret. part., gedoen 23. 15, 24. 35.

§ 112. The Verb Gaa.

Pres. ind. I sing., gae 15. 18; 2 sing., gast 12. 58, gaes 12. 59, gegað 12; 3 sing., gaað 15. 4, gáð 11. 24, gaeð 7. 8, &c., ingæeð 10. 5, ingað 22. 10; pl., gaað 2. 3, ingæð 10. 10; opt. sing., inngae 9. 4; imp. sing., gáa 7. 8; pl., gaað 10. 3, gað 13. 32; gaas 19. 30; inf., gáa 17. 23, inngæ I 2. 17; pret. ind. sing., eode 1. 9, eade 4. 42; pl., eadon 7. 11, eado 24. 13, ineade 11. 52.

7

CHAPTER XVI.

DECLENSION OF NOUNS: VOCALIC STEMS

§ 113. Masculines.

The o-Declension

I. Nom., acc. sing.

(1) The pure o-stems normally have no ending: cynig 9. 7, að 1. 73, dæg 6. 13, geong 2. 44, gast 23. 46, hlaf 4. 3, wæstm 1. 42.

The nom. sing. with e occurs in dæge 21. 34 (nine times), merce 16. 17 (but cf. Lind.2 150, anm. 2); the accus. sing. in e: dæge 4. 19, woege 10. 4 (three times).

(2) The long jo-stems end in -e. Examples.-Nouns in -ere: doemere 12. 58, legere 6. 42, bodare 9. 33, hæsere 2. 49, ettere 7. 3; also ende 1. 33, esne 7. 2, lece 4. 23, huate 3. 17; without ending: licorower 4. 27; short jo-stems are normally without ending: hyll 3. 5, ðrym 9. 32, but with ending -e: here (nom.) 6. 30, here (accus.)

9. 13.

(3) wo-stems: laaruu 20. 21, forelatuu 22. 26.

II. Gen. sing. The ending is regularly -es.

Examples. (1) o-stems: cnæhtes 1. 69, dæges 2.42, hlæfes 24. 35, wingeardes 20. 13, innodes 1. 42, stanes 22. 41; -as: wingeardas, 13.7, 20. 10; deadas 23. 22 (an original u-stem that has gone over into the o-stems, cf. Got. dáupus); without ending: hlaferd 16. 8, laferd 11. 8, god 18. 17. (2) jo-stems: huætes 12. 42, 16. 7, licoroweres I 4. 14. (3) wo-stems: -as in ælaruas 15. 14, I 9. 13.

III. Dat. sing. The regular ending is -e, but other endings occur and uninflected forms are frequent.

Examples. (1) o-stems: -e, cnæhte 9. 48, dæge 1. 59, hlaferde 16. 5, hame 8. 51, hrofe 17. 34, wege 8. 5, deade 21. 16, drihtne 1. 16; -o, drihtno I 10. 10; 1. 5, wæstmo I 8. 18, hlaferdo I 10. 1; -i, duneri I 9. 10; -æ, godæ