The Gases of the Atmosphere: The History of Their DiscoveryMacmillan and Company, limited, 1905 - 296 頁 |
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absorbed actinium aerial acid alkali amount animal appears argon atmospheric air atmospheric nitrogen atomic weight boiling boiling-point Boyle bromine burning calces calcination calx candle carbon dioxide caustic Cavendish charcoal chemical chlorine combination combustion common air compound conclusion consists constituent containing copper cubic centimetres density dephlogisticated air discovery distillation earth elasticity elastick electroscope elements evolved experiments fire-air particles fixed air flame fluorine gases glass gram Hales helium hence hydrogen inflammable kind of air krypton Lavoisier Lavoisier's lime lime-water liquefied liquid air litres Lord Rayleigh magnesia magnesium Mayow mercury metals mineral mixed mixture molecules monatomic nature neon nitrate nitre nitric acid nitrogen nitrous obtained ordinary air oxide oxygen passed phlogistic theory phlogisticated phlogiston phosphorus potassium present pressure Priestley produced properties proportion pure quantity radioactive radium emanation ratio red-hot residue respiration Rutherford salt Scheele specific heat spectrum substance supposed temperature thorium tion tube vitriol volume xenon
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第 144 頁 - I let up some solution of liver of sulphur to absorb the dephlogisticated air, after which only a small bubble of air remained unabsorbed, which certainly was not more than -j-^ of the bulk of the phlogisticated air let up into the tube ; so that if there is any part of the phlogisticated air of our atmosphere which differs from the rest and cannot be reduced to nitrous acid, we may safely conclude that it is not more than T^ part of the whole.
第 70 頁 - For my own part, I will frankly acknowledge that at the commencement of the experiments recited in this section I was so far from having formed any hypothesis that led to the discoveries I made in pursuing them that they would have appeared very improbable to me had I been told of them ; and when the decisive facts did at length obtrude themselves upon my notice it was very slowly, and with great hesitation, that I yielded to the evidence of my senses.
第 iv 頁 - Modern discoveries have not been made by large collections of facts with subsequent discussion, separation, and resulting deduction of a truth thus rendered perceptible. A few facts have suggested an hypothesis, which means a supposition proper to explain them. The necessary results of this supposition are worked out, and then, and not till then, other facts are examined to see if these ulterior results are found in nature.
第 106 頁 - ... much better than in common air, but I had not then given it any name. At this all the company, and Mr. and Mrs. Lavoisier as much as any, expressed great surprise. I told them I had gotten it from precipitate per se, and also from red lead. Speaking French very imperfectly, and being little acquainted with the terms of chemistry, I said plombe rouge, which was not understood till Mr. Macquer said I must mean minium. M. Scheele's discovery was certainly independent of mine, though, I believe,...
第 104 頁 - ... that is fixed during the combustion and combines with the vapours. "This discovery, which I have established by experiments that I regard as decisive, has led me to think that what is observed in the combustion of sulphur and phosphorus may well take place in the case of all substances that gain in weight by combustion and calcination: and I am persuaded that the increase in weight of metallic calces is due to the same cause.
第 138 頁 - Another thing which Mr. Lavoisier endeavours to prove is, that dephlogisticated air is the acidifying principle. From what has been explained it appears, that this is no more than saying, that acids lose their acidity by uniting to phlogiston, which with regard to the nitrous, vitriolic, phosphoric, and arsenical acids is certainly true.
第 125 頁 - The specific gravity of this air was found to differ very little from that of common air ; of the two it seemed rather lighter. It extinguished flame, and rendered common air unfit for making bodies burn in the same manner as fixed air, but in a less degree, as a candle which...
第 128 頁 - Air,' and it commences with stating, not that those experiments were undertaken with any view to the water formed by burning inflammable air, but that they were made " with a view to find out the cause of the diminution which common air is well known to suffer by all the various ways in which it is phlogisticated...
第 143 頁 - ... the rest, which would refuse to undergo that change. The foregoing experiments, indeed, in some measure decided this point, as much the greatest part of the air let up into the tube lost its elasticity ; yet, as some remained unabsorbed, it did not appear for certain whether that was of the same nature as the rest or not. For this purpose I diminished a similar mixture of dephlogisticated...
第 30 頁 - Who hath measured the waters in the hollow of his hand, and meted out heaven with the span, and comprehended the dust of the earth in a measure, and weighed the mountains in scales, and the hills in a balance?