39. Dash vowels are written at right angles to the stroke but should not touch it. When good angles would result, i and oi may be joined to the beginning of a stroke, as in

40. It must be constantly kept in mind that these vowels do not represent longhand letters, but sounds, and each vowel always the same sound; thus, the first heavy dot stands for long e, as heard in beat, but not for the short vowel sound as heard in bet. ✓ stands for long ¿, as heard in mile, but the vowel in mill is the first light dot.

41. The order of reading is the natural order; namely, all uprights from left to right, and all horizontals from top down. Thus, a vowel placed at the left of t is to be read before the 1, and a vowel at the right of t, after it. There

re

fore, represents e-t (eat), and represents e-k (eke) and

represents t-e (tea);

represents k-e (key).

42. Outlines of all words containing first position vowels are written in the first position. The first position for upright outlines is half a stroke above the line of writing, and for horizontal outlines a stroke above the line. If an outline contains more than one upright consonant, the first up or down stroke takes position.

43. When first-place vowels come between two strokes they are placed after the first stroke.

44. All the consonants of a word are written first and the vowels inserted afterwards.

Read from the next page the words containing first position vowels. Transcribe same. From the transcription, write in shorthand. Compare and correct. Re-write the words with which you made errors. Re-write the entire page, and again correct. Continue writing from the longhand and comparing with the engraved page until you can write the entire page without an error.

Write Exercise No. 2, page 104.

Jane Finis

git up

Second Position Vowels.

45. There are four second-place vowels. They are represented by dots and dashes placed at the middle of some consonant, and are as follows:

46. The correct sound of the second heavy dot is heard in may. The correct sound of the second heavy dash is heard in go. The correct sound of the second light dot is heard in ebb. The correct sound of the second light dash is heard in up. These four second-place vowels occur in regular order in the following sentence: "They go yet up."

47. Repeat the above sentence many times, pronouncing each word very carefully. Then pronounce the vowels many times, slowly and carefully.

48. When second-place vowels come between two strokes, the long ones, a and ō are placed after the first stroke, and the short ones ĕ and ŭ are placed before the second stroke.

49. All words containing second-place vowels are written in the second position that is, resting on the line of writing. Words containing vowels of different positions should be put in the position of the accented vowel. See lines 10 and 11.

The method of practice for the next page should be the same as that given for the first position vowels.

Write Exercise No. 3, page 105.

Third Position Vowels.

50. There are six third-place vowels. They are represented by characters placed at the end of some consonant, and are as follows:

51. The third-place vowels are heard in regular order in the following sentence: "Arthur, move that book round you." 52. Repeat the above sentence many times, pronouncing each word very carefully. Then pronounce the vowels many times slowly and accurately.

53. When third-place vowels come between two strokes, they are placed before the second so as to keep the vowel out of the angle. balm, not, because this might be read beam.

54. All words containing third-place vowels are written. in the third position; namely, through the line for uprights, and under the line for horizontals.

55. Forty sounds (twenty-four consonant and sixteen vowel) have now been brought to the student's attention, and a sign given to represent each. These sounds should be repeatedly pronounced, until any word in the language can be separated into its elementary sounds. Every word as it falls upon the ear must be analyzed before it can be written in shorthand. It will be found excellent practice to thus analyze any words seen in print or heard in conversation. The exercise on analysis of words, pages 2-6. should now be reviewed.

Practice the engraved page in the same manner as directed for first and second position vowels. Write Exercise No. 4, page 105.