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sold our buttons for dates, William Black got two drachms (about three pence) from his master, with which he purchased at the market about half a bushel of dates, and 12 cakes of barley bread.

to the innumerable quantity of lice and fleas that tormented us, made our situation almost intolerable.

interested himself in promoting their ranthe Ironmongers' Company, though on som, which he was authorized to effect by terms beyond their usual allowance, which is £100, for each person. The cost was 5,000 dollars. At length they arrived at Mogadore, and on the 12th of October, Mr. Black, with five others arrived in England. His fellow-sufferers have since re

gained their native land, by different vessels, and have been restored to their friends.]

[Here they remained from Feb 9 to Mar. 27. Sometimes receiving tolerable food; [From Wedinoon they wrote to the Bri- sometimes but little, and that bad : exposed tish Consul at Mogadore, explaining their to rain, which continued eight days togesituation. About Feb. 3, arrived Sidither, and beat through the roof and wall of Isheme, who was, nnknown to them, em- their prison. In the mean time, Mr. Willployed by the Consul to treat for their ran-shire, the British Vice-Consul at Mogadore, som. They now proceeded to his residence.] | We had been gradually ascending, when, at sunset, we came to the top of a steep precipice, an extensive valley opened to our view, where] Cide Isheme's house is situated; but the dreadful appearance of the pass we had to descend, uothing can equal that we had ever before seen. I thought it utterly impossible for beasts of burden to accomplish a descent, without being precipitated to the bottom; indeed the camels lay down (as if they knew the place), and it was with difficulty the drivers With the last two men, it is extremely could get them to move; some of their gratifying to learn, arrived Alexander burdens were taken off and put on mules. Scott, who, in the year 1810, was wreckled my mule down, often afraid he would ed in the Montezuma, of Liverpool, and fall upon me. The narrow path was who has been in slavery ever since, being beaten, and in some places cut out of the a period of six years' hard suffering, under rock, winding like a staircase, leaving a burning sun. He was only fourteen scarcely room enough for the loaded ani- years of age when taken captive by the mals to pass. Having at last reached the Arabs. His appearance was truly deplorbottom in safety; and rested a little, we able, having the look of a man, at first travelled on in the dark about two hours, sight, of about 40: though now only 20 when we reached Talent, the residence of years of age, his eye-lashes burnt off, and our new master, Cide Isheme. A fire was his skin ulcerated from having been so long immediately kindled, and victuals brought exposed to the heat of the climate. Twice us, both of which we stood greatly in need he attempted to escape from his cruel opof; but on seeing the place allotted for our pressors, but was retaken by their vigilnew quarters, it could not otherwise than ance. The third time he succeeded, by obcast a gloom over us all. It appeared to taining refuge in Wednoon, which place have been recently occupied by cattle, is at variance with the tribes. Here be dirty in the extreme, even worse than our found protection, and was, through the black hole at Wednoon, with an entrance, medium of Mr. Betton's fund, sent to the but no door to it. The walls had been Consul, and by him forwarded to England. built up of loose stones, and plastered over The poor creature's gratitude for his emanwith clay, but now completely iu decay.cipation, can be better imagined than desA wall ran through the middle of this miserable shed, lengthways, to support the roof, (almost ready to fall on us) making a kind of division. The inner apartment was assigned to William Black, myself, Captain Ross, I. Bissland, and our Spanish Interpreter; the other was occupied by the two mates and sailors; a blanket, or rather a kind of coarse carpet, was given us for a cover, and we (William Black, Ross and myself) made a bed of the old door to keep us from the ground, and on which there was not an inch of room to spare. The sailors having no covering, kept a fire constantly burning in the night, filling the whole place with smoke, which added

cribed. He has been furnished with necessaries, and money given him to convey him to his friends at Liverpool, where, by a letter since received, he has arrived in safety.

[This vessel, the Montezuma, of Liverpool, is mentioned in the narrative of Adams, the American sailor, of whose travels to Timbuctoo we have given some account to our readers. She was commanded by Capt. Harrison, who, with nearly the whole of his crew, was murdered by the Arabs. Alexander Scott, therefore, is peculiarly happy in the preservation of his life, his redemption from slavery, and in revisiting his country and his friends.]

[Mr. Grey Jackson in his Account of Morocco devotes an entire chapter to the subject of shipwrecks on the coast of Africa, their fatal consequences in the slavery of their crews, with the mode of redemption, where redemption is practicable. They are often the subjects of speculation by itinerant Jew traders; who barter for them goods, and afterwards negociate with the Consul for a higher price. But often they are taken into the desert, and lost to Christian society. That writer supposes that from 1790 to 1806 thirty vessels may have been wrecked on this coast, of which seventeen were English, whose crews amounted to two hundred persons, of whom not more than eighty were redeemed.]

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It is due to the honour of a gallant man to record the following Anecdote of his Lordship :

On having gained the first naval combat in the late revolutionary war, Monsieur

Moullon, the Captain of the Cleopatra, a French frigate, was killed; the Admiralty refusing to have him buried with military honours, his Lordship obtained permission to do that last office, at his own expence,for which, the Citizens of Paris voted to his Lordship the Freedom of that city.

Lord Exmouth and Admiral Milne have both been complimented with the Freedom of the Ironmongers' Company, since their glorious exploit against the Dey of Algiers.

It is evident, from the foregoing narrative, that the extirpation of Slavery from the Western Coast of Africa is at present hopeless; but, these occurrences are accidental; the effects of winds and waves; whereas the Slavery on the Northern Coast of Africa, on the shore of the Mediterranean, was reduced to a system, was premeditated and designed; it even assumed the mask of Religion, and to murder Christians, or to make them Slaves, was HINTS, PLANS, and PROCEEDINGS deemed a service to God and Mahommed. That regular traffic is now suppressed, by the admirable valour of the British Fleet under the command of Lord Exmouth. The number his Lordship released from Slavery, appears in the following Minute. Minute of the number of Slaves liberated by ADMIRAL LORD EXMOUTH, at the Regencies of Algiers, Tunis, and Tripoli, 27th of August, 1816.

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OF

Benevolence.

Homo sum:

Humanum nihil a me alienum puto.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY FOR PRE

VENTING THE NECESSITY OF EMPLOYING
CLIMBING BOYS

IN SWEEPING CHIMNIES.

THE Committee cannot but congratu late the Public on the satisfactory result of the meeting at the Mansion House on the 12th of June last. A just feeling has been excited on the occasion, and the attention of Parliament called to the subject by a notice of motion which will be followed up early in the next Session by such enactments as the Legislature in its wisdom may deem expedient.

In the mean time the Committee is desirous, by every effort in its power, to diffuse the knowledge and adoption of a method of cleansing flues by mechanical means, and of practically demonstrating that they may in every case, be safely and effectually substituted for infantine labour, the TOTAL ABOLITION of which is the pri mary object of the Society; as any modification of the practice is abhorrent to the best feelings of human nature; particularly when it is recollected that Children of four years old and upwards can have no

option for embarking in this horrid trade,' | would result from similar meetings in the and that in the same proportion that they several Cities and principal Towns of the are the helpless victims of cruelty, oppres- kingdom, if convened by the Magistrates sion, and disease, they ought to be the or other principal inhabitants, for the pur. first objects of legislative care. enactments therefore comprising the contiAny pose of co-operating and communicating with this Committee, and that petitions nuance of the use of the climbing boys to Parliament early in the next Session will prove altogether illusory, the unhap would be highly beneficial to the cause. py objects of it being wholly incapable of In the mean time the Society have deter availing themselves of any provisions made mined to prosecute with the utmost rigour for their protection. Under these circumstances the Com-isting act that may be brought to their every case of cruelty or breach of the exmittee have resumed their labours with knowledge. added numbers and increased zeal, with al view to stimulate the ingenuity of mechanics towards inventing or improving methods for sweeping those few chimnics which the common machine cannot cleanse, and also to induce Chimney Sweepers and others to adopt the machine.

Committee, still anxious to obtain the conIt may be necessary to observe that the currence and promote the interest of perheld out every encouragement to them, sons at present engaged in the trade, have and several of the most respectable indiviThey have reason to expect complete the wishes of the Society, by receiving a duals of it have accordingly acquiesced in success in both objects, and subjoin a Machine at half the cost price, and signing list of persons who have undertaken the use of the machine as some pledge to the an undertaking to the following effect:public of the progress already made; but "We, the undersigned, hereby severally it cannot be too often repeated that the undertake, on receiving from the Comultimate success of the Cause rests altoge-mittee of the Society, at half the cost ther with the Public. If the Public will insist upon the use, and attend to the application of the mechanical means that may be requisite, the object of the Society will be fully attained; and thus a helpless and suffering part of the community be recovered to health, strength, and useful labour.

The proposed appeal to Parliament cannot, it is hoped be considered as an improper or gratuitous claim for legislative interference, it being on behalf of infants who are without the means of protecting themselves, of which the legislature ap pears to have been fully aware by the preamble to the Act of the 28th of Geo. 3, cap. 48, which declares "that the apprentices to this trade are liable to various complicated miseries, beyond what boys suffer in any other trade." The same Act closes also with directing the Masters and Mistresses to treat their apprentices with as much humunity and care as the nature of the employment of a chimney-sweeper will admit of!

It can only be matter of surprise that, with the full knowledge and recognition of these facts, Parliament could have been induced to sanction the continuance of such a trade.

The Committee have further to observe that, convinced of the benefit derived from the humane intervention of the Chief Magistrate of this metropolis in promoting the object of the Society by convening a public meeting under his immediate sanction, they are of opinion that equal benefit

price thereof, one complete Machine for sweeping chimnies, to use our best endeayours in working the same; and we do thereupon, each of us, on the 1st day of hereby respectively agree that we will May next, transmit to the Secretary a list of chimnies wholly swept with the Machine, accompanied by Certificates from the several housekeepers of their being satisfied therewith."

It is a fact but little known, that the practice of employing Climbing Boys is of little more than a century's duration in this country, that it has been introduced only within the last twenty years at Edinburgh; and the Society regret to find that, during the same period, it has been gaining ground in some of the principal cities of the United States of America, while (with the exception of Paris, where it is partially adopted) the practice is whotly unknown on the Continent of Europe.

This Society originated in February, 1809, in a spontaneous expression of the public commiseration in favour of a depressed class of their fellow-creatures, on the anonymous summons of a humble individual (since deceased) for a general meeting, when averyliberal subscription was raised, and the Institution duly organized.

Information has been received of the establishment of Societies in several parts of the kingdom, and more particularly in the environs of London; which it is presumed must stimulate to increased exertions in the cause of humanity, and that trifling or

common obstacles will not be permitted to, them to wear their sweeping dresses on impede its progress. such day.

The Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce, from time to time proposed premiums for the invention of mechanical means of sweeping chimnies; but such premiums being either purely honorary, or small in pecuniary amount, appear not to have induced any generally practicable plan, although several ingenious models and designs were brought forward on the occasion: independent of which, some ingenious mechanics obtained patents for various modes of sweeping chimnies, by means of an apparatus fixed either in the flue, or at the top of it, but the trouble, inconvenience, and expense of such plans, occasioned their being neglected by the public.

Such was the state of things when this Society commenced its operations; which had the two-fold object set forth in its title, both of which it endeavoured to accomplish.

1st. By proposing a premium of two hundred pounds for the best practical Machine, with lesser premiums for those of inferior utility.

2d. By promoting a Bill in Parliament to supply the deficiencies in the existing one, and making more effectual provisions for the same purpose.

The following are the Penalties imposed by the Act of 28th Geo. III. cap. 48, to which Chimney-sweepers are liable, with fines of from Five to Ten Pounds for the following offences :—

For taking or employing a servant or apprentice under eight years of age.

For having at one time more than six apprentices.

For not causing each of them to wear a cap, with the name and place of abode of his master engraved on a brass plate, when out upon his duty.

For lending or letting out for hire their apprentices, or such as shall be on trial.

For suffering their apprentices to call in the streets before seven o'clock in the morning, or after twelve at noon, from Michaelmas to Lady Day; or before five in the morning, or after twelve, from Lady Day to Michaelmas.

For not allowing them sufficient meat, drink, washing, lodging, apparel, and other necessaries.

For forcing them to climb a chimney actually on fire.

It is the duty of every Constable, as it will be the inclination of every humane person, to keep a watchful eye on Chimneysweepers' boys, and wherever they appear to be under eight years of age, or otherwise in a pitiable state, to question them as to their age and treatment; and where any default appears, to carry them before the Right Hon. the Lord Mayor, or any Magistrate in whose district they may be found, that their masters may be summoned to answer the charges.

The little Tract circulated by the Society, from which the foregoing are extracts, contains many cases of great hard. ship suffered by the Climbing Boys in the discharge of their hazardous occupation. It is thought unnecessary to adduce these, as most of them are cases which present themselves to the recollection of every reader. The sufferings of these children may be reduced to three kinds, principally: First, want of cleanliness, with the peculiar nature of soot, rendering them liable to diseases, from which other trades are exempt. Secondly, they are often required in cases of danger, as fires in chimnies, &c. to risk their lives for the benefit of the public. Thirdly, they are trained up to a business, which, when they arrive at years of maturity, they cannot follow: they are, therefore, thrown again on the wide world for a maintenance. These evils are inherent in the nature of the business, beside others in common with the laborious classes of life.

PRESENT STATE OF THE HORTICULTURAL ART IN SCOTLAND.

The following are extracts from a Discourse delivered at a late Quarterly Meeting of the Caledonian Horticultural Society; by Andrew Duncan, M. D. one of the Vice Presidents. This discourse not only describes the efforts making to perfect the Art in the Northern parts of our Island, but also, the progress really made; and the difference between the present time, and that within the recollection of the speaker. The contrast is too strong, and too satisfactory to be lost on the public: it deserves the most extensive circulation.

On transplanting Onions, and the treatment of the Currant bush during the For not causing their apprentices to at-ripening of the fruit, says Dr. Duncantend worship on the Sabbath Day; or for In company with some other amateurs not having them cleaned, or for permitting of horticulture, I have visited the gardens

in which these experiments were first begun; and we have there seen, with admiration, crops both of onions and currants in a state highly improved. For my own part, I am now fully persuaded, that in the environs of Edinburgh onions may be raised not inferior in weight or in size, and much superior in flavour, to any that were ever imported from Spain. I am old enough to remember the period when the transplanting of leeks, a practice now almost universal about Edinburgh, was employed by a few only of our gardeners; and I do not despair of yet living to see the period, when the transplanting of onions will be as universally and as successfully employed. | Horticulture in the vicinity of Edinburgh has been by no means stationary. I can with confidence venture to say, that the exertions of our present professional gardeners fully support the reputation which they have derived from their predecessors. I am now, Gentlemen, passed the 70th year of my age; and I have been a steady

admirer both of Flora and Pomona from the very earliest period of my youth. During a pretty long life, it has been my lot to have had opportunitics of visiting gardens in three different quarters of the globe, in Europe, in Asia, and in Africa: and from what I have seen, I am decidedly of opinion, that at the present day there is not a large city in the world which enjoys a supply of vegetable food in more abundance, in greater variety, or in higher excellence, than the city of Edinburgh. From the potatoe to the pine-apple-from the most useful to the most delicious production of the vegetable kingdom-we are not at present outdone, as far as my observation goes, by any large city on the face of the earth.

About forty years ago, one of the most distinguished horticulturists in Britain, at that period, the late Baron Stuart Moncrieffe, used to boast, that from his own garden, within a few miles of Edinburgh, he could, by the aid of glass, coals, and a good gardener, match any country in Europe, iu peaches, grapes, pines, and every other fine fruit, excepting apples and pears. With these he allowed his table could be better supplied from the North of France, or from the South of England. He consi dered the pear and the apple as fruits which would not submit to confinement; and which could only be made to yield a health ful and delicious crop, in a climate more steady and more genial than that of Scot

land.

But it now appears, that these fruits are not an exception to the excellent productions of the Scottish garden. For it is

clearly demonstrated, that apples and pears, as well as pines and grapes, may, in the neighbourhood of Edinburgh, produce luxuriant and rich fruit, under the protection of glass, and with the aid of artificial beat, when these are combined with proper exposure to pure air. Besides this, it also appears, that, without the aid either of glass or of artificial heat, the finest apples, by proper culture alone, may be produced not only in this part of Britain, but as far North at least as Ross-shire, where, at Castle Brahan, at Redcastle, Coul, and various other places, peaches, nectarines, many varieties of plums, besides excellent apples and pears, have long been cultivatin Edinburgh, been a partaker of Newton ed. I have often, at the tables of my friends Pippins, which had been ripened in Long Island, and had been imported from New York in a state of the greatest perfection; and I can now with confidence affirm, that I have ate Newton pippins, which have not inferior to the best I ever saw importgrown in the garden at Dalkeith House,

ed from America.

It is indeed true, that those abundant crops, which in America are as it were the spontaneous gift of nature, cannot be obtained in Scotland without great skill and attention of some of our professional assomuch attention. But such is the skill and ciates, that they can almost completely overcome the vicissitudes of our climate, as and attention I am not altogether without far as respects gardening. By their skill hopes of seeing better apples in Scotland than any that are yet known: for in the almost infinite may be obtained, by sowing apple, as well as in the potatoe, varieties the seeds.

Let us not, however, imagine, Gentlemen, that the skill to which our gardeners have already attained is the summit of ex cellence. An extended and inexhaustible field for farther improvement still lies before us. And among the great objects aimed at by this Society, it is not merely our wish to communicate to the public at large the discoveries which our professional Members have already made, but to instigate them to make farther discoveries; to make discoveries on the only solid and rational foundation, careful and judicious experiment.

ting that the Society has not yet been able [The Dr. closes his discourse by regretappropriated to the purposes of experito purchase ground for a garden to be solely mental Horticulture: he hopes that some impediments may speedily be removed; and deems the subject worthy the attention and liberality of an enlightened Government.]

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