riches of this temple 1 have elsewhere and frequently fpoken. Oird 2,244. XX. The Milefians who furvived the flaughter were carried to Sufa. Darius treated them with great humanity, and no farther punished them than by removing them to Ampe', a city near that part of the Erythræn fea where it receives the waters of the Tigris. The low country furrounding the town of Miletus the Perfians referved for themfelves; but they gave the mountainous parts to the Carians of Pedafus 16 XXI. The Milefians, on fuffering these calamities from the Perfians, did not meet with the return from the people of Sybaris who had been This temple was more anciently denominated the temple of Branchide, the oracle of which I have before described. As this title was given Apollo from the circumftance of the fun and moon enlightening the world alternately by day and night, it may not be improper to infert in this place an ænigma on the day and night: Εισι κασίγνηται διτται ὧν ἡ μια τίκτει Την ετεραν αυτη δε τέκεσα παλιν γυπο ταυτης Τεκνεται. Thefe lines are preserved in Athenæus, from a tragedy of Edipus, their literal interpretation is this: "There are two fifters, one of which produces the other, and that which produces is in its turn produced by the other.”—T. Ampe.]-See what Bryant fays on the terms Ampelus or Ampe, vol. i. 275-6.-T. 16 Pedafus-This was also the name of one of the horses of Achilles. See Homer, Il. xvi.-T. VOL. III. C driven driven from Laon and Scidron, which they might justly have expected. When Sybaris was taken by the Crotoniati, the Milefians had shaved their heads ", and difcovered every teftimony of forrow; for betwixt these two cities a moft ftrict and uncommon hospitality 18 prevailed. The Athenians acted 17 Shaved their heads. J-Confult Deuteronomy, chap. xxi. verse 13, from whence it seems that to fhave the head was one inftance of exhibiting forrow amongst the ancient Jews.-T. 18 Hofpitality.]-As there is nothing in the manners of modern times which at all resembles the ancient customs refpecting hospitality, it may be pleafing to many readers to find the most remarkable particulars of them collected in this place. The barbarous difpofition, to confider all ftrangers as enemies, gave way to the very first efforts towards civilization; and, as early as the time of Homer, provifion was made for the reception of travellers into those families with which they were connected by the ties of hofpitality. This connection was esteemed facred, and was under the particular fanction of the hofpitable Jupiter, Zeus Xenius. The fame word Xenos, which had originally denoted a barbarian and an enemy (Herodotus, ix. ch. 11.) then became the term to exprefs either an hoft, or his guest. When perfons were united by the tie of hospitality, each was Xenos to the other, though, when they were together, he who received the other was properly distinguished as the Xenodocus (Esivodoxos.) In the Alceftis of Euripides, 1. 546, and in Plato, we find mention of a Xenon (evv) or an apartment appropriated to the reception of fuch vifitors. The bond of hofpitality might fubfift, 1. between private individuals; 2. between private perfons and ftates; 3. between different ftates. Private hofpitality was called Xenia; public, Proxenia. Perfons who, like Glaucus and Diomede, ratified their hofpitality in war, were called Doryxeni (Aoguevos.) See Hom. Il. vi. 215. &c.-This connection was in all cafes hereditary, and was confirmed by gifts mutually interchanged, which at firft were called fymbols, (Eurip. Medea, 613); after wards, acted very differently. The deftruction of Miletus affected them with the livelieft uneafiness, which was apparent from various circumstances, and from the following in particular:-On feeing the capture of Miletus reprefented in a dramatic piece by Phrynichus, the whole audience burst into tears. The poet, wards, when reduced to a kind of tickets, instead of presents, asgayaλb or tefferæ. Plaut. Pien. act. v. fc. 2.-Every thing gave way to this connection: Admetus could not bear the thought of turning away his Xenos, Hercules, even when his wife was just dead; and is highly praised for it. Eurip. Alceft.Hofpitality might however be renounced by a folemn form of abjuration, and yet after that might be renewed by a defcendant. Thus, between the city of Sparta and the family of Alcibiades, a public hospitality had fubfifted; his grandfather had folemnly renounced it, but he by acts of kindness revived it again. See Thucyd. v. 43; vi. 89.-This circumftance of renunciation has not been noticed, fo far as I have seen, by any modern writers. See Feithius Antiq. Homerica, iii. 12, 13. Potter, iv. 21.Some of the ancient teffera have been dug up at Rome and elfewhere. See Thomafinus de Tefferis Hofpitalitatis.-The rights of fuppliants were fimilar to, and near connected with, those of hofpitality. 19 So Homer, Ου μοι θέμις ες', εδ' ει κακιών σεθεν ελθοι, Odys. xiv. 56. The fwain reply'd, It never was our guise For Jove unfolds our hofpitable door, 'Tis Jove that fends the ftranger and the poor. Pope. T. Phrynichus.]-There were three dramatic authors of this name, not far diftant from each other in time. The firft, a tragic poet, the fon of Polyphradmon; the fecond, a writer of comedy; Cz poet, for thus reminding them of a domeftic calamity, was fined a thousand drachmæ, and the piece was forbidden to be repeated. XXII. Thus was Miletus ftripped of its ancient inhabitants. The Samians, to whom any part of their property remained, were far from fatisfied with the conduct of their leaders in the contest with the Medes. After the event of the above naval fight, and previous to the return of Æaces, they determined to remove, and found a colony, not choofing to expose themselves to the complicated tyranny of the Medes and of Eaces. About this period the Zancleans of Sicily fent a deputation to invite the Ionians to Calacte ", wifhing to found there an 20 Ionian comedy; the third, a tragic poet, the fon of Melanthus. Suidas, who mentions all thefe particulars, yet afcribes the tragedy of the taking of Miletus neither to the firft nor to the third. But in all probability it was the firft and not the third whom Herodotus, and the numerous hiftorians who copy him, mean to point out. The time in which he flourished (for Suidas informs us that he gained his first victory in the fixty-feventh Olympiad) makes this fuppofition the nearer to truth. Among the dif ferent plays attributed to our author, is one called either Пρων, οι Πλευρωνία, or Πλευρώνιαι. Fabricius and D' Orville are in great perplexity upon this weighty point, which might cafily have been decided, if they had feen (as they ought to have feen) that inftead of ἐν δράματι ἔδειξε Πλευρῶνι. Εἰς κρυερόν, &c. it ought to be read, IIλvewrías Kevegòr, &c. which emendation every reader who confults the paffage will find to be neceffary both for the sense and syntax.-T. 20 Calace.]-Kaλn axon, the beautiful coaft.-See D'Orville's Sicula, xxii. 3. 8 "Poftero Ionian city. This coaft belongs to the Sicilians, but is in that part of Sicily which inclines towards Tyrrhenia. The Samians were the only Ionians who accepted the invitation, accompanied by thofe Milefians who had escaped. XXIII. When they were on their way to Sicily, and had arrived off the Epizephyrian Locri", the Zancleans, "Poftero die ameniffimum littus, et nullis fcopulis impeditum e tam propinquo legimus, ut lapidis jactu id attingere poffemus. Hinc ora hæc a Græcis fuit Kahn axrn dicta et in his partibus urbs excitata fuit ab Ducetis Siculorum duce, et ab pulchro hoc litore Kahanтn coalito vocabulo nominata." The learned author proceeds to prove, which he does inconteftibly, that they who would read Calata, are certainly miftaken, nam oppida quibus Calata nomen Saracenæ et proinde recentioris originis, &c. Silius Italicus calls this place Pifcofa Calace, which term is applied by Homer to the Hellefpont, Ιχθυούνται Τ. 28 Epizephyrian Locri.]-The Epizephyrian Locri were a colony from the Locri of Proper Greece, who migrating to Magna Græcia, took their diftinctive name from the Zephyrian promontory, near which they fettled. In Proper Greece there were the Locri Ozola, fituated betwixt the Bolians and Phocæans, and fo called, as Hoffman fays, a gravitate odoris; the Locri Epi-Cnemidii, who refided in the vicinity of mount Cnemis; and the Locri Opuntii, who took their name from the city Opus. In Plutarch's Greek Queftions, I find this account of the Locri Ozola. "Some affirm that these Locrians were called the Locri Ozola, from Neffus; others fay they were so named from the ferpent Python, which being caft on fhore by the foam of the fea there putrified. Others affert, that thefe Locri wore for garments the skins of he-goats, and lived conftantly amongst the herds of |