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Ruffias, the moft illuftrious and most excellent lord, prince Iwan Bariatinofkoy, lieutenant general of the forces of her Imperial majefty of all the Ruffias, knight of the orders of St. Anne, and of the Swedifh Sword, and her minifter plenipotentiary to his moft Chriftian majefty; and the lord Arcadi de Marcoff, counsellor of state to her Imperial majefty of all the Ruffias, and her minifter plenipotentiary to his moft Chriftian majefty. In confequence, their faid majesties the king of Great Britain and the moft Chriftian king, have named and constituted for their plenipotentiaries, charged with the concluding and tigning of the definitive treaty of peace, viz. the king of Great Britain, the most illuftrious and most excellent lord George, duke and earl of Manchefter, viscount Mandeville, baron of Kimbolton, lord lieutenant and cuftos rotulorum of the county of Huntingdon, actual privy counfellor to his Britannic majefty, and his ambaffador extraordinary and plenipotentiary to his moft Chriftian majefty; and the moft Chriftian king, the most illuftrious and moft excellent lord Charles Gravier, count de Vergennes, baron of Welferding, &c. the king's counfellor in all his councils, commander in his orders, prefident of the royal council of finances, counfellor of ftate military, minifter and fecre. tary of ftate, and of his commands and finances: who, after having exchanged their refpective full powers, have agreed upon the following articles.

Art. I. There fhall be a Chriftian, univerfal, and perpetual peace, as well by fea as by land, and a fincere and conftant friendship fhall be reestablished between their Britannic and moft Chriftian majefties, and between their heirs and fucceffors, kingdoms, dominions, provinces,

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countries, fubjects and vaffals, of what quality or condition whatfoever they be, without exception either of places or perfons; fo that the high contracting parties fhall give the greatest attention to the maintaining between themselves, and their faid dominions and subjects, this reciprocal friendship and intercourse, without permitting hereafter, on either part, any kind of hoftilities to be committed, either by fea or by land, for any caufe, or under any pretence whatfoever and they fhall carefully avoid, for the future, every thing which might prejudice the union happily re-established, endeavouring, on the contrary, to procure reciprocally for each other, on every occafion, whatever may contribute to their mutual glory, interefts, and advantage, without giving any affiftance or protection, directly or indirectly, to thofe who would do any injury to either of the high contracting parties. There fhall be a general oblivion and amnesty of every thing which may have been done or committed, before or fince the commencement of the war which is juft ended.

Art. II. The treaties of Weftphalia of 1648; the treaties of peace of Nineguen of 1678, and 1679; of Ryfwick of 1697; thofe of peace and of commerce of Utrecht of 1713; that of Baden of 1714; that of the triple alliance of the Hague of 1717; that of the quadruple alliance of London of 1718; the treaty of peace of Vienna of 1738; the definitive treaty of Aix la Chapelle of 1748; and that of Paris of 1763, ferve as a batis and foundation to the peace, and to the prefent treaty; and for this purpofe they were all renewed and confirmed in the best form, as well as all the treaties in general which fubfifted between the high

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contracting parties before the war, as if they were herein inferted word for word; and fo they are to be exactly obferved for the future in their full tenor, and religioufly executed by both parties, in all the points which fhall not be derogated from by the prefent treaty of peace.

Art. III. All the prifoners taken on either fide, as well by land as by fea, and the hostages carried away or given during the war, and to this day, fhall be restored, without ranfom, in fix weeks at lateft, to be computed from the day of the exchange of the ratifications of the prefent treaty; each crown refpectively difcharging the advances which fhall have been made, for the fubfiftence and maintenance of their prifoners, by the fovereign of the country where they fhall have been detained, according to the receipts and atttefted accounts, and other authentic vouchers, which fhall be furnished on each fide: and fureties fhall be reciprocally given for the payment of the debts which the prifoners may have contracted in the countries where they may have been detained until their entire release. And all fhips, as well men of war as merchant fhips, which may have been taken ince the expiration of the terms agreed upon for the ceffation of hoftilities by fea, fhall likewife be restored bona fide, with all their crews and cargoes. And the execution of this article fhall be proceeded upon immediately after the exchange of the ratifications of this treaty.

Art. IV. His majesty the king of Great Britain is maintained in his right to the ifland of Newfoundland, and to the adjacent iflands, as the whole were allured to him by the thirteenth article of the treaty of Utrecht; excepting the islands of St. Pierre and Miquelon, which are

ceded in full right by the prefent treaty to his moft Chriftian majefty.

Árt. V. His majesty the most Chriftian king, in order to prevent the quarrels which have hitherto arifen between the two nations of England and France, confents to renounce the right of fishing, which belongs to him in virtue of the aforefaid article of the treaty of Utrecht, from Cape Bonavista to Cape St. John, fituated on the eastern coaft of Newfoundland, in fifty degrees north latitude; and his ma jefty the king of Great Britain confents on his part, that the fishery affigned to the fubjects of his moft Chriftian majefty, beginning at the faid Cape St. John, paffing to the north, and defcending by the weftern coaft of the island of Newfoundland, fhall extend to the place called Cape Raye, fituated in forty-feven degrees, fifty minutes latitude. The French fishermen fhall enjoy the fifhery which is affigned to them by the prefent article, as they had the right to enjoy that which was affigned to them by the treaty of Utrecht.

Art. VI. With regard to the fishery in the gulf of St. Laurence, the French fhall continue to exercife it conformably to the fifth article of the treaty of Paris.

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Art. VII. The king of Great Britain reftores to France the ifland of St. Lucia, in the condition it was in when it was conquered by the British arms and his Britannic majefty cedes and guaranties to his moft Chriftian_majesty the island of Tobago. The Proteftant inhabitants of the faid ifland, as well as thofe of the fame religion, who fhall have fettled at St. Lucia, whilft that ifland was occupied by the British arms, fhall not be molested in the exercife of their worship: and the British inhabitants, or others who

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may have been fubjects of the king of Great Britain in the aforefaid iflands, fhall retain their poffeffions upon the fame titles and conditions by which they have acquired them; or elfe they may retire in full fecurity and liberty, where they fhall think fit, and fhall have the power of felling their eftates, provided it be to fubjects of his moft Chriftian majefty, and of removing their effects, as well as their perfons, with out being restrained in their emigra tion, under any pretence whatfoever, except on account of debts, or of criminal profecutions. The term limited for this emigration is fixed to the fpace of eighteen months, to be computed from the day of the exchange of the ratifications of the present treaty. And for the better fecuring the poffeffions of the inhabitants of the aforefaid ifland of Tobago, the moft Chriftian king fhall iffue letters patent, containing an abolition of the droit d'aubaine in the faid ifland.

Art. VIII. The most Christian king reftores to Great Britain the itlands of Grenada, and the Grenadines, St. Vincent's, Dominica, St. Christopher's, Nevis, and Montferrat; and the fortreffes of these iflands fhall be delivered up in the condition they were in when the conquest of them was made. The fame stipulations inferted in the preceding articles fhall take place in favour of the French fubjects, with respect to the islands enumerated in the prefent article.

Art. IX. The king of Great Bri tain cedes, in full right, and guaranties to his moft Chriftian majefty, the river Senegal, and its dependencies, with the forts of St. Louis, Podor, Galam, Arguin, and Portendic; and his Britannic majesty reftores to France the ifland of Goree, which fhall be delivered up

in the condition it was in when the conqueft of it was made.

Art. X. The most Chriftian king, on his part, guaranties to the king of Great Britain the poffeffion of Fort James, and of the river Gambia.

Art. XI. For preventing all difcuffion in that part of the world, the two high contracting parties fhall, within three months after the exchange of the ratifications of the prefent treaty, name commiffaries, who fhall be charged with the settling and fixing of the boundaries of the refpective poffeffions. As to the gum trade, the English fhall have the liberty of carrying it on, from the mouth of the river St. John, to the bay and fort of Portendic inclu fively. Provided that they shall not form any permanent fettlement, of what nature foever, in the faid river St. John, upon the coaft, or in the bay of Portendic.

Art. XII. As to the refidue of the coaft of Africa, the English and French fubjects fhall continue to refort thereto, according to the ufage which has hitherto prevailed.

Art. XIII. The king of Great Britain reftores to his moft Chriftian majefty all the fettlements which belonged to him at the beginning of the prefent war, upon the coaft of Orixa, and in Bengal, with liberty to furround Chandernagore with a ditch for carrying off the waters : and his Britannic majesty engages to take fuch meafures as fhall be in his power for fecuring to the subjects of France in that part of India, as well as on the coaft of Orixa, Coromandel, and Malabar, a fafe, free, and independent trade, fuch as was carried on by the French Eaft India company, whether they exercife it individually, or united in a company.

Art. XIV. Pondicherry thall be (G 3)

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in like manner delivered up and guarantied to France, as alfo Karikal: and his Britannic majefty fhall fecure, for an additional dependency to Pondicherry, the two districts of Velanour and Bahour; and to Karikal, the Four Magans bordering thereupon.

Art. XV. France hall re-enter into the poffeffion of Mahé, as well as of its factory at Surat; and the French fhall carry on their trade, on this part of India, conformably to the principles eftablished in the thirteenth article of this treaty.

Art. XVI. Orders having been fent to India by the high contracting parties, in purfuance of the fixteenth article of the preliminaries, it is further agreed, that if, within the term of four months, the refpective allies of their Britannic and moft Chriftian majesties fhall not have acceded to the prefent pacification, or concluded a feparate accommodation, their faid majefties fhall not give them any affiftance, directly or indirectly, against the British or French poffeflions, or a gainst the ancient poffeffions of their refpective allies, fuch as they were in the year 1776.

Art. XVII. The king of Great Britain, being defirous to give to his moft Chriftian majefty a fincere proof of reconciliation and friendhip, and to contribute to render folid the peace re-established between their faid majefties, confents to the abrogation and fuppreffion of all the articles relative to Dunkirk; from the treaty of peace concluded at Utrecht in 1713, inclufive, to this day.

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the bafis of reciprocity and mutual convenience; which arrangements fhall be fettled and concluded within the space of two years, to be com puted from the firit of January, in the year 1784.

Art. XIX. All the countries and territories which may have been, or which may be conquered in any part of the world whatfoever, by the arms of his Britannic majesty, as well as by thofe of his moft Chrif tian majefty, which are not included in the prefent treaty, neither under the head of ceffions, nor under the head of reftitutions, thall be restored without difficulty, and without requiring any compenfation.

Art. XX. As it is neceflary to ap point a certain period for the reftitutions and evacuations to be made by each of the high contracting parties, it is agreed that the king of Great Britain hall caufe to be evacuated the island of St. Pierre and Miquelon, three months after the ratification of the prefent treaty, or fooner, if it can be done; St. Lucia, (one of the Charibee islands,) and Goree in Africa, three months after the ratification of the present treaty, or fooner, if it can be done. The king of Great Britain fhall in like manner, at the end of three months after the ratification of the prefent treaty, or fooner, if it can be done, enter again into the poffef fion of the islands of Grenada, the Grenadines, St. Vincent's, Dominica, St, Chriftopher's, Nevis and Montferrat. France fhall be put in poffeffion of the towns and factories which are restored to her in the East Indies, and of the territories which are procured for her, to ferve as additional dependencies to Pondicherry, and to Karikal, fix months after the ratification of the prefent treaty, or fooner, if it can be done. France fhall deliver up

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at the end of the like term of fix ed from the day of the fignature of months, the towns and territories the prefent treaty. which her arms may have taken from the English, or their allies, in the East Indies. In confequence whereof, the neceffary orders fhall be fent by each of the high contracting parties, with reciprocal paffports for the fhips which fhall carry them, immediately after the ratification of the prefent treaty.

Art. XXI. The decision of the prizes and feizures made prior to the hoftilities all be referred to the refpective courts of justice; fo that the legality of the faid prizes and feizures fhall be decided according to the law of nations, and to treaties, in the courts of juftice of the nation which fhall have made the capture, or ordered the feizures.

Art. XXII. For preventing the revival of the law-fuits which have been ended in the islands conquered by either of the high contracting parties, it is agreed that the judgments pronounced in the laft refort, and which have acquired the force of matters determined, fhall be confirmed and executed according to their form and tenor.

Art. XXIII. Their Britannic and moft Chriftian majesties promife to oblerve fincerely, and bona fide, all the articles contained and established in the prefent treaty; and they will not fuffer the fame to be infringed, directly or indirectly, by their refpective fubjects; and the laid high contracting parties guaranty to each other, generally and reciprocally, all the tipulations of the prefent treaty.

Art. XXIV, The folemn ratifi cations of the prefent treaty, prepared in good and due form, fhall be exchanged in this city of Verfailles, between the high contracting parties, in the space of a month, or fooner if poffible, to be comput

In witnefs whereof, we the under-written ambaffador extraordinary, and minifters plenipotentiary, have figned with our hands, in their names, and in virtue of our refpective full powers, the prefent definitive treaty, and have caufed the feals of our arms to be affixed thereto. Done at Verfailles, the third day of September, one thoufand feven hundred and eightythree.

Gravier de Vergennes.
Manchefter.

(L. S.)

(L. S.)

SEPARATE ARTICLES. Art. I. Some of the titles made ufe of by the contracting parties, whether in the full powers, and other inftruments, during the course of the negociation, or in the pieamble of the prefent treaty, not being generally acknowledged, it has been agreed that no prejudice fhould ever refult therefrom to cir ther of the faid contracting parties; and that the titles taken or omitted, on either fide, upon occafion of the faid negociation, and of the prefent treaty, fhall not be cited, or quoted as a precedent.

Art. II. It has been agreed and determined, that the French language, made ufe of in all the co, pies of the prefent treaty, fhall not form an example which may be alledged or quoted as a precedent, or, in any manner, prejudice either of the contracting powers; and that they hall conform, for the future, to what has been obferved, and ought to be obferved, with regard to, and on the part of powers, who are in the practice and poffeffion of giving and receiving copies of like treaties in a different language from the French; the prefent treaty hav

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