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and also to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Post-offices and Post-roads.

Allison, James.-He was elected a Representative in Congress, from Beaver County, Pennsylvania, from 1823 to 1825.

Allison, John.-He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1851 to 1853, and was re-elected to the Thirtyfourth Congress.

Allison, Robert.-He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1831 to 1833.

1815, and from 1825 to 1881. During the war of 1812 he was Chairman of the Committee of Ways and Means.

Alvord, C.-He was a native of Massachusetts; received a liberal education; adopted the profession of law; served one term in each branch of the State Legislature; and was elected a Representative from Massachusetts to the Twenty-sixth Congress, but died before taking his seat, in the latter part of 1839.

Ames, Fisher.-He was born in Dedham, Massachusetts, April 9, 1756, and died July 4, 1808. He entered Harvard University at the age of twelve years, and graduated with honor; and having studied law, commenced the practice of his profession, in his native town, in 1781. He was acknowledged to be the most eloquent debater in the House of Representatives, and was the author of the "Address" of that body, to Washington, on his retirement from the Presidency. He was a prominent member of the Massachusetts Convention for ratifying the Constitution, in 1788, and after retiring from political life, having served in Congress for eight years, he was elected President of Harvard University, but declined the honor. He was an industrious writer as well as a great orator; and his collected writ

Allison, William B.-He was born in the Township of Perry, Wayne County, Ohio, March 2, 1829; spent the most of his boyhood on a farm; was educated chiefly at Alleghany College, Pennsylvania, and at the Western Reserve College, Ohio; studied law, came to the bar in 1851, and practised the profession in Ohio until 1857, when he settled in Dubuque, Iowa. He was a delegate to the Chicago Convention of 1860; in 1861 he was a member of the Governor's staff, and rendered essential service in raising troops for the war; and in 1862 he was elected a Representative from Iowa to the Thirty-eighth ings, with a memoir, were published in Congress, serving on the Committees on Public Lands, and Roads and Canals.

Alston, Lemuel J.-He was a Representative in Congress, from South Carolina, from 1807 to 1811.

Alston, William J.-He was born in Georgia, and removing to Alabama, was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1849 to 1851, and was a member of the Committee on Postoffices and Post-roads.

Alston, Willis.-Born in Halifax County, North Carolina. He appeared in public life as early as 1794, serving in the State Legislature for several years, and was a Representative in Congress, from 1799 to 1803. Died, April 10, 1837.

Alston, Willis, Jr.-Born in North Carolina, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1803 to

1809.

Ames, Oakes.-He was born in Easton, Bristol County, Massachusetts, January 10, 1804; has ever been a manufacturer by profession; was a member, for two years, of the Executive Council of the State, and in 1862 he was elected a Representative from Massachusetts to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committees on Revolutionary Claims, and Manufactures.

Ancona, Sydenham E.-He was born in Warwick, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, November 20, 1824, and was elected in 1860 a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committees on the Militia and on Manufactures. In 1862 he was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as a member of the Committees on Manufactures, and on the Militia.

Anderson, Alexander.-He was a Senator in Congress, from the Knoxville District, Tennessee, during the years 1840 and 1841, a part of a term, and served as a member of the Committee on the Militia.

Anderson, Hugh J.-Born in 1801, in Maine, and was Clerk of the Waldo County Courts from 1827 to 1837, and a Representative in Congress, from Maine, from 1837 to 1841, and a member of the Committee on Naval Affairs. He was a lawyer by profession; Governor of Maine from 1844 to 1847; and Commissioner of Customs in Washington, from 1853 to 1858.

tant committees, and acting on two occasions as President pro tempore of the Senate. He was appointed in 1815 First Comptroller of the Treasury, where he remained until 1836. He died in Washington, April 17, 1837.

Anderson, Joseph H.-He was born in New York, and was elected a Representative in Congress from that State from 1843 to 1847, and was Chairman of the Committee on Agriculture, and a member of the Committee on Ex

penditures in the Treasury Department.

Anderson, Josiah M.-He was born in Tennessee, and was elected a

Anderson, Isaac.-He was a Re-Representative in Congress from the presentative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1803 to 1807.

Anderson, John.-He was born in Cumberland, Maine; was a graduate of Bowdoin College in 1813; studied law and admitted to the bar in 1816; a member of the Maine Senate in 1824, and was elected a Representative in Congress, from Cumberland County, Maine, from 1825 to 1833, serving as a member of the Committees on Elections and Naval Affairs. He was also Mayor of He was also Mayor of Portland in 1833 and 1842; United States District Attorney from 1833 to 1837; and Collector of Customs at Portland from 1837 to 1841, and from 1843 to 1848. He died August 21, 1853, aged sixty-one years.

Anderson, Joseph.-He was born near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, November 5, 1757; enjoyed what was called at the time a good education; studied law; was appointed an ensign in the New Jersey line in 1775; was promoted to an adjutancy; as a captain, fought at the battle of Monmouth; he also went, in 1779, with Sullivan against the Six Nations; in 1780 he was at Valley Forge; in 1781 at the siege of York; and after the war he retired with the

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rank of brevet-major. He practised law in Delaware for seven years. 1791 was appointed by Washington Judge of the territory south of the Ohio River; remained in that position until the first Constitution of Tennessee was formed, which he aided in forming in convention; and he was an influential member of the United States Senate, from Tennessee, from 1797 to 1815, serving at all times upon impor

Third District in that State, from 1849 to 1852, and was a member of the Committee on Private Land Claims. He was also a Delegate to the Peace Congress of 1861.

Anderson, J. P.-He was born in Tennessee, and was elected a Delegate to the Thirty-fourth Congress from the Territory of Washington.

Anderson, Lucien.-Was born in Mayfield, Kentucky, in June, 1824; received a good English education; adopted the profession of law; and served for two terms as a member of the Kentucky Legislature. In 1863 he was elected a Representative from Kentucky to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on the District of Columbia. During the month of November, 1863, he was taken prisoner by a party of "Confederates," and retained in custody until just before the meeting of Congress, when he was exchanged. He was a Delegate to the Baltimore Convention of 1864, and a Presidential Elector in 1853.

Anderson, Richard C., Jr.Born in Jefferson County, Kentucky; was elected a Representative in Congress from Kentucky, from 1817 to 1821, and was Chairman of the Committee on Public Lands during the Sixteenth Congress. In 1823 he was appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to Colombia, and in 1826 Envoy Extraordinary to Panama; but died November 6, 1826.

Anderson, Samuel.-Born in 1774, in Pennsylvania. He served re

peatedly in the Legislature of that State; was Speaker of its House in 1848 and 1849; and elected a Representative in Congress, from 1827 to 1829, and was a member of the Committee on the Boundary-Line of Missouri. He died in Chester, Pennsylvania, January 17, 1850.

Anderson, Simeon H.-Born in Garrard County, Kentucky, March 2, 1832; studied law and practised with success; served frequently in the Kentucky Legislature; was elected a Representative in Congress from the Fifth Congressional District of Kentucky, from 1839 to 1841, and served as a member of the Committee on Post-offices and Post-roads. He died at his residence near Lancaster, Kentucky, August 11, 1840, before the expiration of his term of service. He had the reputation of being a remarkably industrious, useful, and amiable man.

Anderson, Thomas S.-Born in Greene County, Kentucky, December 8, 1808. He was self-educated, and removed to Missouri in 1830, where he commenced the practice of law at twenty-one years of age. He was elected to the Legislature of that State in 1840; was a Presidential Elector in 1844, 1848, 1852, and 1856; and a member of the Convention for remodelling the State Constitution in 1845, and was elected a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Invalid Pensions. He was reelected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Private Land Claims.

Anderson, William.-Born in Chester County, Pennsylvania, in 1763, and served throughout the Revolutionary War with credit, taking a prominent part at the siege of Yorktown. After

the war he returned to Delaware County, Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1809 to 1815, and from 1817 to 1819. He was afterwards a Judge of Delaware County Court, and a Custom-house officer at Chester, in that county, where he died, December 13, 1829.

Anderson, William C.-Born in Lancaster, Garrard County, Kentucky, December 6, 1826; educated at the College of Danville; adopted the profession

of law; served in the Kentucky Legislature in 1851 and 1853; was a Presidential Elector in 1856; and in 1859 was elected a Representative, from Kentucky, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on the District of Columbia. Died at Frankfort, Kentucky, December 23, 1861.

Andrews, Charles.-Born in Paris, Maine, in 1814; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1837; was a member of the State Legislature from 1839 to 1843, a portion of the time Speaker of the House; and a Representative in Congress, from Maine, from 1851 to the time of his death, which occurred in Paris, April 30, 1852.

Andrews, George R.-He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from the Fourteenth Congressional District in that State, from 1849 to 1851, and was a member of the Committee on Elections.

Andrews, John T.-He was born in New York, and was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1837 to 1839, serving as a member of the Committee on Expenditures in the State Department.

Andrews, Landaff W.-Born in Fleming County, Kentucky, February 12, 1803; graduated at Transylvania University in 1824; and commenced the practice of law in 1826, in which profession he has since been actively engaged. He was a member of the Kentucky Legislature in 1834, and in 1838 was elected a Representative in Congress, serving from 1839 to 1843, and acted on the Committees on Revolutionary Pensions and Accounts. He was also a member of the Kentucky Senate.

Andrews, Samuel G.-He was born in Derby, New Haven County, Connecticut, October 16, 1799; received an academical education, and removed with his father to Rochester, New York, in 1816. He was occupied chiefly in mercantile and manufacturing pursuits; was for several years Mayor of Rochester; was a member of the New York Legislature in 1831 and 1832, from Monroe County, New York; Clerk of the Monroe County Court; Secretary of the

State Senate of New York for four years; Clerk of the Court of Dernier Resort for four years; and was Postmaster of Rochester. He was elected a Representative, from New York, to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Roads and Canals. Died in Rochester, New York, in 1863.

Andrews, Sherlock J. Born in Wallingford, Connecticut, in 1801; graduated at Union College; settled in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1825, and practised law; was Judge of the Superior Court of that State, and elected a Representative in Congress, from 1841 to 1843, and was a member of the Committee on Com

merce.

Angel, William G.-He was a native of Newshoreham, Rhode Island; was elected a Representative in Congress, from Burlington, Otsego County, New York, from 1825 to 1827, and again from 1829 to 1833, and was a member of the Committees on Indian Affairs, and on Territories.

Anthony, Henry B.-He was born in Coventry, Rhode Island, April 1, 1815, of Quaker ancestry; graduated at Brown University in 1833; and in 1838 he assumed the editorial charge of the Providence Journal, which he retained until called to a seat in the United States Senate. He was elected Governor of Rhode Island in 1849, re-elected in 1850, and declined a re-election; was elected a Senator in Congress, from Rhode Island, for the term commencing in 1859, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Printing; and in 1864 was re-elected for the long term, ending in 1871.

Anthony, Joseph B.-Born in Pennsylvania; was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1833 to 1837, serving as a member of the Committees on Territories and Military Affairs. He died at Williamsport, Pennsylvania, January 17, 1851.

Appleton, John.-Born in Beverly, Massachusetts, February 11, 1815; graduated at Bowdoin College, Maine, in 1834; was admitted to practise law at Portland, Maine, in 1837. In the winter of 1838-39 he became editor of a Democratic newspaper in that city (The Eastern Argus), and continued to be its

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editor for the next four or five years, during a part of which time he was also Register of Probate for the County of Cumberland. In 1845 he accepted an invitation from Mr. Bancroft, the Secretary of the Navy, to become Chief Clerk of the Navy Department; subsequently he succeeded Mr. Trist as Chief Clerk of the State Department, which was then presided over by Mr. Buchanan. In 1848 he was appointed, by President Polk, Chargé d'Affaires of the United States to Bolivia. On his return from that mission, which he resigned after the election of General Taylor, he resumed the practice of law at Portland, in partnership with Nathan Clifford, now one of the judges of the Supreme Court of the United States; but soon afterwards, in September, 1850, he was elected, from the Portland District, a member of the Thirty-second Congress. In 1855 he joined Mr. Buchanan, at London, as Secretary of Legation, but returned home in time for the Presidential canvass of 1856. In 1857, having been obliged from ill health to decline the position to which he had been invited, of editor of the

Washington Union," he was appointed, by President Buchanan, Assistant Secretary of State. In May, 1860, he was appointed Minister to Russia. He died, in Portland, Maine, August 22, 1864.

Appleton, Nathan.-Born at New Ipswich, New Hampshire, October 6, 1779. He entered Dartmouth College in 1794, but left his studies there, after being invited by his brother to join him in the mercantile business in Boston. He became interested in the cotton manufacture, and in 1821 was one of the three original founders of Lowell. He was at different periods a member of the Legislature of Massachusetts, and from 1831 to 1833, and again in 1842, was elected a Representative of that State in Congress; but soon resigned his seat, and has since taken no part in public affairs. He has published_pamphlets and essays on Currency, Banking, and the Tariff. He died in Boston, July 14, 1861.

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than fifty years. He has taken a prominent part in various public enterprises and benevolent objects; given much attention to banking and financial operations, and was for some years, and until the close of the institution, President of the Branch Bank of the United States in Boston. In 1850 he was elected a Representative in Congress, from Massachusetts, and re-elected in 1852. He was also elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, but died in February, 1862, in Boston.

Archer, John.-He was born in Harford County, Maryland, in 1741, and graduated at Nassau Hall in 1760. He studied divinity, but on account of a throat affection, turned his attention to medicine, and went through a course of study at the Philadelphia Medical College, having received the first medical diploma ever issued in the New World. At the commencement of the Revolution, he had command of a military company; was a member of the State Legislature; and after the war he practised his profession; he was a Representative in Congress from Maryland, from 1801 to 1807; and died in 1810. As a medical man he commanded great influence, and several discoveries were made by him, which have been adopted by the profession.

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Archer, Stephenson. born in Harford County, Maryland, and elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1811 to 1817, when he was appointed Judge of Mississippi Territory. He was chosen a Representative in Congress again, from 1819 to 1821, and was a member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs.

Archer, William S.-Born in Amelia County, Virginia, March 5, 1789. He came of a Welsh family, a number of whom acquitted themselves with honor in the revolutionary war. He obtained the rudiments of his education at the best grammar schools of the day; graduated at the College of William and Mary; and studied law. In 1812 he was elected to the State Legislature, where he served, excepting one year, until 1819. In 1820 he was elected a Representative in Congress from Virginia, where he remained until 1835, taking an active part in all matters of national importance, and exert

ing a paramount influence, especially as Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations, and member of the Committee on the Missouri Compromise. In 1841 he was elected to the United States Senate, where he remained until 1847, having, from the start, been placed at the head of the Committee on Foreign Relations in that body. By his public acts, he commanded the respect of the country; and by the charms of his private character, won the friendship of many of the leading men of his day. On his retirement from public life, he devoted himself to the improvement of his paternal estate; and died March 28, 1855, of neuralgia, with which he had been afflicted for twenty years.

Armstrong, James.-A native of Pennsylvania; distinguished himself in the Indian wars, and was consulted by the proprietors of Pennsylvania on all matters connected with Indian affairs. In 1776, Congress promoted him from the rank of colonel to that of brigadiergeneral, and he assisted in the defence of Fort Moultrie, and in the battle of Germantown; in 1777 he resigned his commission in consequence of dissatisfaction as to rank. He was subsequently elected a Representative to Congress from Pennsylvania, serving from 1793 to 1795, and sustained a number of other honorable offices. He died at Carlisle, Penna., March 9, 1795, a few days after the expiration of his term in Congress.

Armstrong, John.—He was a native of Pennsylvania, and served as an officer during the revolutionary war. At the close of the war, in order to obtain redress for the grievances sustained by the officers of the army, he prepared the celebrated " Newburgh Letters,' and they produced a deep sensation. After the war he returned to Pennsylvania, where he was made adjutantgeneral of the State; and to him was intrusted the direction of the last Pennsylvania war against the Connecticut settlers of Wyoming. Returning to New York, he was sent to the Senate of the United States, serving from 1800 to 1804, when he resigned. On the return of Chancellor Livingston from the French embassy, he was commissioned Minister in his place in 1804. Returning to his own country, he was called to the War Department by President

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