university here. The Peningtons in this country, descendants of the Kent stock, spell their name with one n.

P. 446.-Another collection extends on Chestnut street, north side. These are every one pulled down, and their sites are now occupied by fine stores. One of them was the old Khouli Khan Tavern. On Walnut street below Dock two or three of the original houses remain to this date (1879). The house built by David Rittenhouse about 1786-87 at the north-west corner of Seventh and Arch streets was till a recent date a very fine specimen of houses of that time.

Military Hall, p. 446.-The old-fashioned building on Library street, opposite the rear of the Custom-House, was built in the year 1810, and since that time has been used for a variety of purposes as a coach-factory, military armory, concert saloon, lagerbeer saloon, and by the present proprietors. It was erected by Matthew Carey for a printing-office. After he gave up that business it went to other uses. It was occupied as a tavern by Joseph H. Fennimore in 1832-33, and was called the Union House. The upper portion, being the original printing-office room, was fitted up in the second story as a ball-room and concert-room. It afterward became the resort of military companies for a drillroom, and was used by the State Fencibles, Captain James Page; Washington Blues, Colonel William C. Patterson; and by others. The name of the building about 1834 or 1835 was changed to Military Hall. It was afterward for many years in the tenure of John Vasey, and was fitted up in great splendor with mirrors, paintings, etc., and called Our House. It subsequently went into various uses. The second story was at one time used as a gymnasium by W. S Mann. The Independent Board of Brokers began and ended there a few years ago. Since G. Bergner has been in possession of it the old name-Military Hall has been

restored.

The Sharswood House.-The old Sharswood mansion, situated on a lot bounded by Twenty-fourth and Twenty-fifth streets and Master and Jefferson streets, and which was erected before 1798, was torn down in August, 1878. This house was laid down on Varlo's map, published about 1798, and was west of the house of John Nixon, on Turner's lane. From Turner's lane a road ran south and connected with New Hickory lane-now Fairmount avenue—near S. Samson's place, Par la Ville, the site of which is now embraced in Fairmount Park.

CHURCHES.

The first churches established under Presbyterian organizatior. in this country were located in Delaware, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and West Jersey. The reason of this fact is to be found in the free toleration of religious peculiarities granted by the original Proprietors of these Provinces. Virginia was principally settled by Episcopalians. Few of the earliest churches were strictly Presbyterian in their origin. The sparseness of the population or the poverty of the people induced persons of different persuasions to unite their strength and congregate without any reference to any particular organization, and as they were singly unable to support the ministry to which they were respectively attached, their worship was conducted either by lay readers or itinerant clergymen on their occasional visits. Philadelphia claims the honor of the first regularly-constituted Presbyterian church in the United States, as they first attempted the formation of a congregation in 1692. They worshipped with the Baptists and Congregationalists in the old "Barbadoes store," as Mr. Watson says (I. 448). Soon after a dissension took place; the Presbyterians and Congregationalists invited Mr. Andrews, and in 1704 erected a wooden building on Market street. In 1706 a presbytery was organized, and the number of ministers who harmonized in their views was seven. The church flourished so that in 1716 the Philadelphia Presbytery was divided into four subordinate judicatories, to meet in an annual synod in the city.

One-story stocking-store, p. 447.-This store was kept for many years, and was at the time of its being taken down, in June, 1832, so kept as a stocking-store by Nathan Jones & Son. The present row of granite stores was erected in its place. (See Reg. Penna., ix. 416.)

P. 447, note. See Col. Recs., iii. 139, where the Pennsylvania Company is mentioned, which I suppose refers to the Society of Free Traders, and not to the "Barbadoes Company." Claypoole speaks of it as the "Pennsylvania Society." (See Hazard's Annals, p. 557, where he also says: "We have a prospect of considerable trade between Barbadoes and Pennsylvania.")

P. 448.-Rev. Jedediah Andrews's letter, dated in 1730, gives an account of the religious denominations in Philadelphia in that year. (See Hazard's Reg. Penna., xv. 200.)

Rev. Jedediah Andrews was the first Presbyterian minister in Philadelphia. Son of Captain Thomas Andrews of Hingham, Mass., he was born there July 7th, 1674, the ninth of ten children. He graduated at Harvard in 1695, came to this city in 1698, and was zealous in the Church till his death in May, 1747. Under his pastorate his congregation left the Barbadoes Store in

1704, and erected a church in Market street, corner of Whitehorse alley, now Bank street, formerly called "Old Buttonwood" church, from the number of those trees growing near it. George Keith went to England in 1692.

FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH.

The First Presbyterian Church "is not far from the marketof middling size. The roof is built almost hemispherical, or at least forms a hexagon. The whole building stands north to south, for the Presbyterians do not regard, as other people do, whether their churches look toward a certain point of the heavens." (Kalm's Travels, i. 39.) This rule is not now regarded, as several stand east and west, according to situation.

In the years 1755 and 1761 enlargements of the building took place to accommodate the increase of members; and in 1793 the whole building, having stood nearly a century, was taken down and a new and elegant one erected in 1794. It had a lofty portico supported by four Corinthian columns, and was a handsome

structure.

The burying-ground in the rear continued to be used for several years after the church was removed and stores erected on Market street, and for two or three years the dead were gradually removed. Some of the older members, whose dead were laid there, and who objected to the ground being appropriated to other uses, having finally yielded, a row of stores was erected in 1847. The congregation formerly worshipping in Market street, in 1825-26 erected a new house corner of Seventh and Washington Square, of which Dr. James P. Wilson was the first pastor, and Rev. Albert Barnes was his successor. It was built on what was known as "the old cow-yard."

The "First Church," on Washington Square, had been without a regular minister for some time, and in 1830 extended a call to the Rev. Albert Barnes, then stationed at Morristown, New Jersey. Being rather reluctant at preaching before accepting the call, he sent a sermon to the congregation entitled "The Way of Salvation," which had already been published. It was very extensively read, and closely criticised by some of the leading divines of the radical school at that time, including Dr. Green, the Rev. William L. McCalla, William M. Engles, and others. Errors were discovered, and the whole sermon was pronounced unsound. A congregational meeting was called in the church for the purpose of sustaining him and his course in relation to the clan formed by certain radical clergymen against him. Such men were there as the late Joseph R. Ingersoll, John Sergeant, Thomas Biddle, and others of that character, who had been raised in the church. Mr. Barnes and his sentiments were upheld as being those of his predecessor. Protests against his admission were made before the Presbytery of Philadelphia. That

body, however, decided to admit him, but the matter being carried to the Synod of Philadelphia, it was referred back to the presbytery, which in November, 1830, disapproved of the doctrines promulgated by Mr. Barnes. There was considerable trouble for some five or six years, which was sought to be got over in the first place by creating the Second Presbytery of Philadelphia, to accommodate Mr. Barnes and his friends. This presbytery was two years afterward dissolved, which made more trouble. The matter finally came to the division which took place in 1837. Mr. Barnes at that time had his friends in the church, who stood by him through the whole of his persecution, being at one time suspended from preaching. At every Assembly till 1837 the most bitter feeling prevailed. Mr. Barnes in his declining years still held to his sentiments, and went down to his grave bearing the respect and esteem of the whole Christian community.

The ministers who have officiated in the First Presbyterian Church were—

Rev. Jedediah Andrews; died in 1747, long after he had ceased to preach.

Rev. Samuel Hemphill was an assistant preacher in 1735.

Rev. Robert Cross, ordained in 1739; died in 1766, a few years after he had ceased to preach.

Rev. Dr. Allison was the supply from 1752 until his death, November, 1777.

Rev. Dr. John Ewing became the pastor in 1759; died Sept., 1802, aged seventy years.

Rev. John Blair Linn was called to the church in 1799. He never recovered from a sunstroke in 1802, and died in 1804, aged twenty-seven years.

Rev. Dr. James P. Wilson was ordained May 1, 1806.
Rev. Albert Barnes was called in 1830.

SECOND PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH.

Another church was established in 1730 in Providence township, on the Ridge turnpike, about four miles below Norristown. The next was the Norriton Church, before 1740, at the junction of the Germantown and Perkiomen turnpikes, three miles northeast of Norristown-a small one-story building, still standing.

During the excitement produced by Whitefield's vigorous preaching the Tennents followed his style. Whitefield was refused the use of the churches then existing in the city, and preached for some time from the steps of the old courthouse in Market street, then from the balcony of a private house, and afterward from a stage erected for him by his friends. on the site now occupied by the Third Presbyterian Church. William Tennent of Neshaminy had renounced the authority of the Philadelphia Presbytery since 1739. The style of

preaching gave great offence to some, while it pleased the New Lights. Many members withdrew from the First (or Mr. Andrews's) Church, and built the building on Fourth street-seventy by one hundred feet, of brick. The presbytery was also split by the withdrawal of nine from the synod, who were all able men. This also rent the presbyteries throughout the country. The new Presbytery of Londonderry was organized, and with the Presbytery of New Brunswick formed a synod to meet at Philadelphia. The congregation of the Second Church worshipped, under Gilbert Tennent, in the "New Building" in Fourth street till 1749, when the trustees of the Academy giving notice they would require it, a lot was bought at the north-west corner of Third and Arch streets. It was eighty feet on Third street and ninety-eight and a half feet on Arch street. The corner-stone was laid May 17, 1750. My great-grandfather was one of the trustees to sell the lot on Fourth street, and was treasurer of the building committee of the new church. He died in 1754. In it the following gentlemen ministered successively, either as pastors or colleagues: Gilbert Tennent, John Murray, James Sproat, Ashbel Green, John N. Abeel, Jacob J. Janeway, Thos. H. Skinner, Joseph Sanford, and Cornelius C. Cuyler.

"The new Presbyterian church was built in 1750 by the New Lights in the north-west part of the town"-Third and Arch. "The New Lights built first in 1741, in the western part of the town, Fourth below Arch, a great house, to hold divine worship in. But a division arising amongst them after the departure of Whitefield, and besides on other accounts, the building was sold to the town in 1750. The New Lights then built a church which I call the New Presbyterian Church. On its eastern pediment is the following inscription in golden letters: Templum Presbyterianum anciente numine erectum, Anno Dom. MDCCL.'" (Kalm's Travels, i. 41.) This stone was afterward placed at the entrance of the graveyard.

It is a curious fact that during the eighty-three years this church was occupied the congregation considered their worship much disturbed by the passing of vehicles, and in 1795 they memorialized the mayor and Councils, asking to be allowed to fix chains at the corner of Third and Mulberry (Arch street) to prevent the interruptions. This the city authorities refused to grant, but the Legislature soon after passed a law in favor of it, and so every Sabbath morning the sexton stretched the chains across both Arch and Third streets. It appears that this plan did not work satisfactorily, for horsemen would insist on jumping the chains and making considerable noise.

Many prominent men of the last generation were members of that church-such men as Peter S. Duponceau, Charles Chauncey, Thomas Bradford, Ebenezer Hazard, postmaster-general, Josiah Randall, Thomas Leiper, Isaac Snowden, Andrew Bayard, Samuel