OSCILLATING POWER CROSS CUT SAW For Cutting Logs for Wood, Shingles, Staves and Lumber. THE IE process of cutting up logs for lumbering purpo ses and for firewood. as generally performed. is laborious and expensive. Two men, laboring faithfully all day long, with the two-handled crosscut saw, will accomplish comparatively but a small amount of work, while the still slower and more tedious axe makes the "Dim aisles of the old woods ring," to the accumulating blows, as chip after chip is removed, while scarcely any effect is perceived. Many attempts, more or less successful, have been made to economize in the expense and to increase the rapidity of this most important operation. It is believed the machine represented in the above cut, embraces all the improvements hitherto discovered in such machinery, which are many and important. In constructing this machine, the manufacturers have kept in mind the fact that many a man who might be benefitted by using machinery in his various occupations, hesitates to do so on account of what seems to him of the large amount of means required to be advanced to secure such machines, and in view of the indifferent success which has been met with by others, perhaps of his acquaintances, preferring to pay a much larger aggregate sum in daily instalments as wages, and be of at least tangible even a lesser amount, and run the risk of disappointment and trouble. The Manufacturers believe that if machinery is used, it MUST BE OF THE BEST DESCRIPTION, and must perform the GREATEST POSSIBLE AMOUNT OF WORK FOR THE POWER AND HELP EMPLOYED. This machine is complete in itself, except the power for operating it. It is designed to be used with Emery's Patent Endless Chain Horse Power, but any other adequate power may be used, if adapted to the proper speed and direction of revolution. The teeth of the saw are made so as to cut equally both ways, and the connections are so made that a long or short sweep of the saw may be made at pleasure. The saw has a peculiar motion, which is one of the greatest of its improvements. In running forwards the HEEL OF THE SAW IS LIFTED, while in dragging backward the HEEL IS DEPRESSED. This motion causes the saw continually to cut our WARDS THROUGH THE BARK, carrying our (instead of IN.) any dirt or grit contained in the bark. This obviates the necessity of chipping off the bark to prevent the dulling of the saw. It also causes a sure and regular discharge of the sawdust as fast as it is made, no matter if the diameter of the log is equal to twice the length of stroke of the saw. The logs are rolled upon ways, having at one end near the saw a spiked roller, and are traversed by a strong four wheeled truck. One end of the log rides on this truck, while the other end rests upon the spiked roller; this roller having a morticed head, may be easily turned by one man, and thereby the log advanced for each successive cut. The sawing is done with great rapidity, often cutting off a log of 24 inches diameter in one minute. From 20 to 35 cord cuts may be made per day, depending upon the skill and dexterity of the operators. For further particulars address the manufacturers. Jan. 28--w&mlt. F EMERY BROTHERS, Pear Seedlings. INE healthy Pear Seedlings, one year, $8 per 1,000$75 per 10,000. Ditto, two years, $15 per 1,000-$140 per $10.000. B. M. WATSON, THE CRANBERRY PLANTS. HE BELL variety is best adapted for general cultiva. tion. Circulars will be forwarded to applicants. NEW ROCHELLE BLACKBERRY-Genuine plants at $2 per Dozen-$10 per 100. HOP TREE-For ornament and use; it is superior to the common Hop. RASPBERRIES -Brinckle's Orange, $1.25 per Dozen; Bagley's Everbearing, $1 per Dozen; New Red Antwerp and other choice varieties, 60 cents per Dozen-$4 per 100. GRAPES Isabella and Catawba, one year rooted, $10two years, $18 per 100. With a full assortment of Fruit, Ornamental and Evergreen Trees, Shrubs, Vines, Roses, &c. For full particulars see Catalogue, which will be forwarded to applicants. F. TROWBRIDGE, New-Haven, Conn. Jan. 14-w4tm2t THE By D. C. LINSLEY-Price $1. Sombrero Guano, (CIRCULAR.) value of this Guano has been well settled by the Farmers of Maryland and the adjoining states, and is esteemed far preferable to Peruvian Guano, in a succession of crops. Guanos are of two kinds: those in which the ammonia yielding products predominate, as in the Peruvian; and those in which the phosphates of lime and magnesia predominate, as in the Phosphatic. The former is produced in regions where there is little or no rains, and the latter where the rains wash away a large part of the organic or soluble portions, and leave the insoluble phosphatic parts. If we heat to redness an ammonia yielding guano, we volatize 65 to 70 per cent. of organic matter, capable of yielding ammonia and other volatile products which constitute the body of this class of Guanos. What remains after extracting the ammoniacal and phosphatic compounds is of less value, it being chiefly alkaline salts. What effect has such an article (Ammonia yielding Gu anos) upon the soil? It stimulates to an unwonted degree, and causes the soil to put forth all its strength, and forces the growth of plants into the stalk or blade, not into the grain, just as alcohol stimulates the animal to unusual exertion for the time, but which finally exhausts the system. So the ammoniacal or stimulating Guanos force the present crop at the expense of the future strength of the soil, even if the land is fertilized by other manures than Phosphates. Every farmer who has experience, knows that when he has once used such stimulating Gu ano for his crops, its strength is exhausted the first year; and if he would continue to grow crops, he must apply it repeatedly, and in increasing quantities. The several analyses of this article, (Sombrero Guano,) made by the most eminent chemists of this country and England, show that more than 50 per cent. consists of the Phosphates of lime and magnesia, in an insoluble state, or in just such a condition that the roots of plants will take up and appropriate so much of the compound as is requi site to perfect the same. If we examine the analysis of Wheat, one of the great staples of our Middle and Western States, we find that every 100 lbs. of its ashes contains from 50 to 60 lbs. of these Phosphates, which must have been taken up from the soil. A large part of these salts are required to form the hull or envelope of the kernel, and are indispensable to the perfection of the seed. (The ashes of Indian corn yield 68 per cent. of Phosphates; cotton 28 per cent., and tobacco 26 per cent.) Hence the special value of Phos phatic Guanos; and as they are only soluble by reason of the vital power of the plant, they remain in the soil as a reservoir, ready to be drawn upon only when the roots of the plant require their appropriation to perfect the growth thereof. These reasons are sufficient to enable a practical man to judge why Phosphatic Guanos should be used in preference to the ammonia yielding varieties for Wheat, Corn, and other cereals and leguminous crops, as well as Tobac co and Cotton. The effects of the Phosphatic lasts for years, and the soil acquires from its use an accumulative power, while the latter requires an annual or biennial application, and is exhausted with the first or second crop, and the strength of the soil is expended from the yearly forced produce. "I consider these observations specially applicable to these Guanos, as I have carefully studied their effects on such crops, and analyzed the several varieties." ISAIAH DECK, M. D., (Signed,) Agricultural and Consulting Chemist, New-York. Assuming the above to be correct, the relative value of the two Guanos, for permanent effect, is in the ratio of 24 to 85; as the Peruvian contains but 20 to 24 per cent. of the Phosphates, while the Sombrero Guano contains from 80 to 85 per cent., which fact settles the matter beyond all dispute. Besides, allowing their fertilizing qualities to be equal, the difference in cost of the latter is less than one-third that of the former. We are now offering the third cargo of the "E. C. Howard," on the following terms: 10 to 100 tons-in packages (barrels or bags,) $32 nett cash. Under 10 tons, do do 36 do 30 do 50 tons or more, in bulk, ground.. Orders promptly executed on receipt of funds. Imported and for sale by WOOD & GRANT, New-York, Nov., 1857. 90 Front-st., New-York. THE Now's your Time. HE "Rural Empire Club" has an ample supply of the genuine Chinese Sugar Cane Secd, both Imported and perfectly ripened Domestic-now ready for distribution among its members and the rest of mankind, on these plain terms: 1st. By Mail, post-paid, samples for three cents-4-oz. packages for 25 cents-8-ounce packages for 50 cents, and pound packages for $1-any distance under 3,000 miles in the U. S., and FOR THE POSTAGE anywhere else. 2d. By Express, in strong sacks, and delivered to Express Co., 4 lbs. and sack for $1; 10 lbs. and sack for $2; 40 Ibs. and the sack for $6. Publishers of newspapers are at liberty to insert the above notice for the benefit of their patrons and readers. 1. W. BRIGGS, West Macedon, N. Y. Jan. 21-w&mtf A Address RARE SEEDS. NEW novelty, and never before presented to market -the NEW MEXICAN CUSHOW, A variety that excels all others in eating, growth and rari. ty. (I have but few packages.) The English MAMMOTH PUMPKIN, that is mammoth indeed, as they frequently belt over five feet around. Also the true genuine CHUFAS OR EARTH ALMONDS. The seed sent post-paid, on reception of 25 cents for single packages-five packages for $i. Address, with PostOffice and State plainly written, to Jan 7-w10tm3t JOS. L. ASHBY, THE HORTICULTURIST, AND JOURNAL OF RURAL ART AND RURAL TASTE. (Commenced by the late celebrated A. J. DOWNING.) CONDUCTED BY ΤΗ J. JAY SMITH, Editor of the North American Sylva. HE increasing love of Rural Life has brought this popular publication into extended notice. Its success has been amply proved by a large addition of readers, and it is now offered to public patronage with confidence. It embraces in its scope of subjects every thing pertaining to the country and country pursuits, and aims to instruct while it amuses: it is, in short, as now conducted, a popu RURAL MAGAZINE, designed to interest all lovers of the Garden, the Country-house, the Cottage, no less than the Botanist, the admirer of the Green-house, Conservatory, Grape-house, Fruit Cultivator and Planter. Its correspondents are those who have long devoted their energies to these pursuits, and it is believed the number of these, and the information they impart, is greater than any other periodical can boast of either in Europe or America. Indeed, the work has become indispensable to the well informed country-dweller, who by a perusal of its varied pages may maintain an acquaintance with all that is passing in the fruit-garden and orchard, the nursery, the villa, and with the beautiful in nature, whether it is improved by art or adorned by taste. In its Rural Magazine character it is addressed to all who love information, and it has thus become a welcome guest both in town and country. Its circulation now embraces the entire Union and Canada, and endeavors are constantly used to increase its attrac tions by a liberal outlay in embellishing it with costly engravings of fruit, dwellings, trees, and those numerous rustic adornments which make the individual home attractive. A NEW VOLUME (13th year) commences with the January number for 1858: and it will be the constant aim to render it still more worthy, by every practicable improvement, of the liberal patronage it is receiving. The work is issued on the first of each month, in the best style, each number containing 48 pages, embellished with a frontispiece and several other original and well executed engravings. The volumes, taken for a number of years, will make a valuable Encyclopedia of Horticultural Literature. As an advertising medium it has few superiors. TERMS-Two Dollars a year; Four Copies for Six Dollars, payable in advance, An edition is published with plates colored in the best style of art. Price $5. or to All subscriptions must be addressed to the Agents, ROBERT PEARSALL SMITH, A. O. MOORE, Ag. Book Publisher, 140 Fulton-street, New-York. NEW WORKS JUST PUBLISHED. WARDER'S HEDGE MANUAL: A complete treatise on Hedges, Evergreens, and all plants suitable for American Hedging, especially the Maclura or Osage Orange-the only successful system of pruning-manipulation and management-fully illustrated with cuts of implements and processes, to which is added a treatise on EVERGREENS-their different varieties, their propagation, transplanting and culture in the United States. By Jno. A. Warder, M. D., Editor of Western Hort. Review, and President of the Cincinnati Hort. Society. One Vol. 12 mo.-Price One Dollar. FIELD'S PEAR CULTURE: A Treatise on the Propagation and Cultivation of the Pear in America-a full catalogue and description of the different varieties-their adaptation to Dwarfs and Standards the best modes of pruning, with directions for ripening and preserving the fruit, numerous engravings, carefully prepared, exhibit both the erroneous and correct methods of treatment. By Thos. W. Field. One Vol. 12 mo.-Price 75 Cents. FISH CULTURE. A Treatise on the Artificial Propagation of Fish, with the description and habits of the kinds most suitable for pisciculture, also the most successful modes of Angling for the fishes therein described. By Theodatus Garlick, M. D., Vice Pres. of Cleveland Academy of Nat. Science. 1 Vol. 8 Vo., Price one Dollar. FLINT ON GRASSES. A Practical Treatise on Grasses and Forage plants, with more than One Hundred Illustrations of grasses and im plements. The editor of the American Agriculturist says: "This is the best treatise of the kind we have seen on this important subject. We advise our readers to get this book and study it thoroughly, as we are now doing." By Charles L. Flint, A. M., Sec. of the Mass. State Board of Agriculture. 1 Vol. 8 VO., Price $1.25. All the above works will be sent postpaid on receipt of price. Address, Jan. 21-weow4tm2t. A. O. MOORE, Agricultural Book Publisher, 140 Fulton St., New-York. Excelsior Ag. Works, Albany, N.Y. RICH D H. PEASE, Proprietor. WE OFFER the farmers and other responsib.e persons of this country, a rare chance to make money as fast as they can in most any other way, by selling our Celebrated Excelsior Patent Railway Endless Horse Powers, Threshers, Cider Mills, Saw Mills, &c., &c., for which we will allow them a liberal commission. Last season many farmers sold these machines for us, and they all made moAll ney, and are anxious to sell them again this season. communications addressed to the subscriber will be promptly answered. RICH'D H. PEASE, CERTIFICATES. BEDFORD CO. Tenn. Oct. 15, 1856. We the undersigned hereby certify that we have parchased of the Agent of the Manufacturer, Richard H. Pease of Albany, New-York, his "Excelsior Horse Power and Thresher," and having used them a sufficient length of time to convince us of their utility and durability, feel no hesitancy in saying that in our opinion they are the very best of which we have any knowledge, they having performed to our entire satisfaction. Given under our hand, day and date above. GARRET PHILLIPS M. L. DISMUKES, THOS. LIPSCOMB, WM. A. ALLEN, J. T. ARNOLD, W. W. HASTINGS JAMES MULLINS, BENJ. GARRETT, H. D. DAVIDSON. EAST GREENWICH, N. Y., Feb, 25, 1857 MR. R. H. PEASE-I received the Two Horse Power, Thresher and Separator I purchased of you, and put it to work to test it. I have threshed 2.500 bushels of wheat, oats and rye with them, without a break of any kind. It works to my entire satisfaction, and I think there is no better machine made. WM. MCNEIL. May 14-w&mtf. FRUIT BOOKS, Nos. 17, 19 and 21 Minor St., Philadelphia, Pa. BY THOMAS BARRY. DOWNING, and others, for Jan. 7-w&mlt. sale at the office of the Country Gent, and Cultivator Hoof Ail-Management of Stook, by M. A. CUMING, 59 6 Maps of Farms, 60 4 Flower Gardens, Construction of Poultry Houses, by H., 63 15 Flowering Plants, 9 figs. of Strawberries, Feeding Trough for Sheep, A Good Cow-Guenon's Treatise, by H. W. TAYLOR,- 67 67 Cherry Hill Nursery. Having the past season imported many new and beau- Also a complete assortment of the different varieties of Three Vols. 8 vo.-Price $15. The American Short-Horn Herd Book, BY LEWIS F. ALLEN. FOR SALE at the office of the Country Gentleman and Cultivator. The vols, will be sold separate-the first vol. at $3, and vols. 2 and 3 at $6 each. Every Short-Horn Breeder should have this work. 2 Stump Machines, 16 figs. in Fruit Culture, 4 Grape Houses, 7 figs. Grape Culture, 4 Harrows, 4 Portraits of Horses, 17 Plans of Houses, 5 figs. for Lawns, 10 Mowers and Reapers, 12 figs. of Pears, 10 Plows, 11 Plums, 2 Poultry Houses, 6 Raspberries, 12 figs, of Rustic Work, 3 desi'ns for school-hous's, 5 figs. of Sheep, 6 Swine. 12 Trees, with 179 other Illustrations, Embracing a great variety of Implements, Machines, Ornaments, Gates, &c., &c., forming a collection such as can be found in no other single volume yet published. The PURITAN RECORDER, Boston, thus notices this work: "We cannot conceive of a plan of a book better adapted for utility to all the purposes of the Farmer than this. It is to him what a book of architectural plans is to the Builder. It paints to the eye everything with which the Farmer has to do; and there is hardly any subject of practical interest to the Farmer which is not here treated and practically illustrated." This we think is the best book yet published, for School The same publishers have just issued THE ILLUS TRATED ANNUAL REGISTER OF RURAL AFFAIRS for 1858-a beautiful annual of all Agricultural and Horticultural matters-with 130 Engravings. Price 25 cents. For the sake of introducing it more widely in every locality, they will send One Dozen Copies, post-paid, for TWO DOLLARS! PUBLISHED BY LUTHER TUCKER & SON, EDITORS AND PROPRIETORS. PRICE FIFTY CENTS A YEAR. THE CULTIVATOR has been published twenty-four years. A NEW SERIES was commenced in 1853, and the five volumes for 185 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, can be furnished, bound and postpaid, at $1.00 each. The same publishers issue "THE COUNTRY GENTLEMAN,' a weekly Agricultural Journal of 16 quarto pages, making two vols. yearly of 416 pages, at $2.00 a year. They also publish THE ILLUSTRATED ANNUAL REGISTER OF RURAL AFFAIRS -144 pp. 12 mo. - price 25 cents-$2.00 per dozen. This work was commenced in 1855, and the nos. for 1855. '56 and '57, have been issued in a beautiful volume, under the title of "RURAL AFFAIRS,"-containing 440 engravings of Houses, Barns Out-Houses, Animals, Implements, Fruits &c.-price $1.00-sent by mail post-paid. PUBLISHED BY LUTHER TUCKER & SON, EDITORS AND PROPRIETORS. ASSOCIATE ED., J. J. THOMAS, UNION SPRINGS, N. Y. PRICE FIFTY CENTS A YEAR. THE CULTIVATOR has been published twenty-four years. A NEW SERIES was commenced in 1853, and the five volumes for 185 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, can be furnished, bound and postpaid, at $1.00 each. The same publishers issue "THE COUNTRY GENTLEMAN,' a weekly Agricultural Journal of 16 quarto pages, making two vole yearly of 416 pages, at $2.00 a year. They also publish THE ILLUSTRATED ANNUAL REGISTER OF RURAL AFFAIRS -144 pp. 12 mo. - price 25 cents-$200 per dozen. This work was commenced in 1855, and the nos. for 1855, '56 and '57, have been issued in a beautiful volume, under the title of RURAL AFFAIRS,"-containing 440 engravings of Houses, Barns, Out-Houses, Animals, Implements, Fruits &c.-price $1.00-sent by mail post-paid. Feeding with Oil-Cake. A subscriber (C. R) having lately inquired for particular directions in feeding with oil-cake, its cost and advantages, our correspondent, JOHN JOHNSTON, who, as all our readers know, is a close observer, and has had extensive experience, has kindly furnished us the following answer: I prefer oil-cake meal to corn meal for fattening either cattle or sheep, although if I have corn of my own raising, which I always have, I feed it. But I always feed oil meal once a day, and generally the last month of feeding, I feed oil meal only, and generally leave over corn for next fall feeding, as new corn meal wont keep for many days, and when it sours it purges the cattle, and then they wont eat for some days; but they never get sick with eating oil meal, and for all I have fed, or rather fatted, a great many cattle, I have never had one die, as all I have fatted have had at least half oil meal. SERIES No. III. us American farmers; else every ton of oil-cake in I raise my calves on oil meal, and do it very cheaply. Oil meal and skimmed milk, sour milk or butter-milk, make fine calves and always healthy. The first winter I feed them oil meal enough to keep them growing; the second winter give them two quarts per day, and by April or May have sold my two-year-olds for beef at from $50 to $60 each. I have fed them generally about $11 worth of oil meal each in that way. It also pays well to fat lambs in winter. I have made Merino lambs bring me $5 each before they were a year old, by feeding them 70 cents worth of oil meal during winter. It don't take the half to fat lambs it does old sheep. I have fed oil meal many years, and as long as I do feed, I will continue to do so. I think we will get it much lower another year, as I notice flax seed has fallen very much. If beef and mutton get low, it wont do to pay a high price for oil meal. Last spring New-York oil-cake brought £15 sterling per ton in England. Now it is from £10 to £10, 158., and falling; I notice it is much lower in New-York. There is 40 bushels of 50 lbs. each in a nett ton of oil meal, but 50 lbs. of oil meal is much better to me than 60 lbs. corn meal; yet they do well mixed. When I feed corn to sheep, I give that one part of the day and oil meal the other. When I have fed all corn to sheep, I have often lost some by a rush of blood to the head; their necks and heads would be gorged with blood, when all behind the neck would be very white, more so than any slaughtered sheep-but I never lose any in that way when I feed oil meal. I sold cattle last year 22 months old, weighing 1,125 lbs. gross, and I have some this year that I think will go about the same when they are the same age. There is only a little Durham blood in them. I began feeding oil meal at $7 per ton, and followed it up until I paid $28 33 last year, and this season $27. These prices are too high, unless we can get nearly or quite $6 per 100 lbs., live weight, for sheep and cattle. When I kept a regular flock of store sheep, I always fed each sheep during winter and spring, 1 bushel of It should be urged on the farmers to buy and feed oil meal. Then I was paying only $10 per ton. So oil-cake in preference to buying the manures of comlate as 1846, I had never paid over that amount, and merce. It will be a great deal more to their profit. If for five years afterwards from $12 to $14 per ton. It I was as able to go around the country as I was ten paid admirably, fed to store sheep, as 1 bushels at $10 years ago, I would fat far more stock in winter than a ton, cost only 38 cents. That, with straw, will win- ever I did. There can be no profitable farming withter a sheep much better than any hay (first-rate clover out good rich manure, but my farming days are nearly hay excepted.) over; but if young men would only do as I have done, The extravagant prices they pay in England, hurt they would reap the benefit of it by and by. |