to the public to deny the Jesuitical character of the doctrine. But Mariana's book was never indexed, and the doctrine continued to be taught.' ORDERS As a result of the determination which seized upon the Church to save itself from the impending ruin, and also as a OTHER result of the new hopes created by the council of Trent and the activities of the Jesuits, a number of orders sprang into being. The Order of the Fathers of the Oratorium was founded by Philip Neri, in Florence (1548). Its members took no vow, but gave themselves to works of charity and devotional reading. Similar thereto was the French Oratorium, or Order of Jesus, founded by Pierre de Berulle (1611). In 1612 the Ursulines adopted a conventual order and gave themselves to the education of females. Francis de Sales, through the agency of Francisca of Chantal, established the Ordo de Visitatione Mariæ Virginis (1610-1618), sometimes called the Salesians. The Spaniard Colasanza (†1648) founded in Rome the Piarists, who imitated the Jesuits in their zeal for pious instruction. The Order of Brothers of Mercy was started by the Portuguesan John di Dio (John of God), although it did not take this form until after his death. They gave themselves to the care of the sick, regardless of confession. A Gascon, Vincent de Paul, founded the Priests of the Mission, or Lazarists, to care for the interests of the neglected among the common people, and through Madame Le Gras, whose confessor he was, the Sisters of Mercy, or Charity. They were especially active in caring for the poor and the sick in addition to their zeal in winning back heretics to the Church. All these orders, differing from the more ancient, and having the same principle of active work among the people which characterized the Jesuits, were powerful agents in the Roman Catholic reaction. 'See Reusch, Beiträge zur Gesch. des Jesuitenord., 1-58. He gives a clear presentation of the whole history of the doctrine and the relation of Jesuits thereto. ? See them mentioned and described in Hase, Kirchengesch., 11 Aufl., 468 f. 3 They had an immense number of celebrated names, as Richard Simon, Malebranche, and Massillon. The order was originally established by Angela of Brescia (†1540) in honor of St. Ursula. |