a LABOR-Continued. journeymen carpenters, in 1840, from $1.25 to $1.62 a day; in 1860, from $1.25 to $1.75 a day; in 1891, from $3 to $3.25 a day. A firm of builders in New York paid, in 1840, $1.50 a day; in 1860, $2; in 1866, $3.50; in 1891, $3.50. Painters received the same. Similar quotations could be made for carpenters and painters in different parts of the Eastern States. The rates of wages paid to wheelwrights were, in 1840, $1.25; in 1860, $1.25; in 1866, $2; in 1891, $2.50. Cotton weavers (women) in Massachusetts earned, in 1840, on the average, about 62 cents a day; in 1860, 542 cents; in 1866, from 85 to 90 cents; in 1891, $1.05. Women frame spinners were paid about the same, earning a little more in the later years. Wool spinners, both jack and mule, earned less than $1 a day in 1840, while in 1860 they earned $1.05 a day; in 1866, from $1.80 to $1.90 a day; in 1891, from $1.38 to $1.75 a day. "The average earnings of puddlers have been subject to great variations. An average must be used here because puddlers are paid largely by the ton. In 1840, at Aetna, Pennsylvania, puddlers earned $3.69 a day; in 1860, $2.67 a day; in 1866, from $5.37 to $6.04 a day; in 1891, $3.67. In another iron works at Duncannon, Pennsylvania, the rates were $2.30, $2.01, $4.83, and $2.91 for the years named. The rates of wages a day, successively for the years named, for blasters and drillers in the New Jersey ore district, were 75 cents, $1, $1.65, and $1.50; and for unskilled laborers in mining ore at Cornwall, Pennsylvania, 50 cents. 75 cents. $1.45. and $1.55." LABOR, WAGES, AND FACTORIES IN U. S., 1890. No. 219%. Showing the industries and number of establishments, with the number of persons employed, and the wonges paid. Artificial feathers and flowers. (See also Millinery and lace goods) 910 Axle grease Artificial limbs. (See also Surgical appliances.).... Artists' materials. Awnings, tents, and sails... Baking and yeast powders aud rattan.) Ba-kets and rattan and willow ware. (See also Whalebone Bellows... Bells. (See also Foundry and machine shop products.). Belting and hose, leather.. Belting and hose, rubber.. 403 Billiard tables and materials.. Blacking. (See also Cleansing and polishing preparations.). Blacksmithing and wheelwrighting (See also Carriages and 28,000 wagons, including custom work and repairing.) 42,544 $21,811,761 1,110,482 2,681 185 Bookbinding and blank-book making. (See also Printing and publishing.) 805 Bottling. (See also Liquors, malt; Mineral and soda waters) 716 3,9.9 2,271,355 Boxes, cigars.. 291 5,537 2,134,383 Boxes, fancy and paper. (See also Fancy articles, not else Brass castings and brass finishing. (See also Bronze castings; 453 11,903 6,922,489 Brick and tile. (See also Clay and pottery products.)........ 5,828 109,151 34,695,189 LABOR, WAGES, ETC.-Continued. Articles. No. of estab- No. of em- Wages paid. Bridges... 137 Bronze castings. (See also Brass castings and brass finish 14 ing.) Brooms and brushes... 1,235 Carpets and rugs other than rag. (See also Woolen goods.)... Carriages and wagons, including custom work and repairing. (See also Blacksmithing and wheelwrighting.) 8,614 Cars and general shop construction and repairs by steam railroa companies. Cars and general shop construction and repairs by street railroad companies. Cars, steam railroad, not including operations of railroad companies. Cars, street railroad, not including operations of railroad companies. Chemicals. (See also Fertilizers; Gunpowder; High explo 563 16,952 9,691,843 Clay and pottery products. (See also Brick and tile.).... 707 20,296 10,138,143 Dentistry, mechanical Dentists' materials.. Crucibles.... Cutlery and edge tools. (See also Files; Hardware; Saws; Druggists' preparations, not including prescriptions. also Patent medicines and compounds; Perfumery aud cosmetics.) Engraving and diesi king. Engraving, steel, including plate printing (See also Litho graphing and engraving; Photolithographing and engraving) Engraving, wood...... Fish, canning and preserving. (See also Food preparatious.) Flags and banners. (See also Regalia and society banners and emblems) Food preparations. (See also Fish, cauning and preserving; Fruits and vegetables, canning and preserving; Oysters, canning and preserving ) 302 4,152 1,816,835 Foundry and machine shop prodnets. (See also Ironwork, architectural and ornamental; Steam fittings and heating apparatus.) Food preparations: Pickles, preserves, and sances,) Grease and tallow. (See also Axle grease; Soap and candles.) Hardware. (See also Cutlery and edge tools; Tools not elsewhere specified.) 35) Hardware, saddlery.. Hat and cap materials.. Hats and caps, not including wool hats (See also Fur goods; Hay and straw, baling... High explosives. (See also Ammunition; Gunpowder.)... Iron and steel bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets.. Iron and steel doors and shutters... Iron and steel forgings... Iron and steel nails and spikes, cut and wrought, including wire nails. Iron and steel pipe, wrought Iron work, architectural and ornamental. (See also Foundry and machine shop products.) 233 1,787 9 132 10,442 1,079.284 56,980 1,730 1, 02,694 1,945 870,661 6 28 73 1,705 705 27,193 814,352 14,111,747 32 |