ANATOMY, in chemistry, is ufed for the analyfis of mixt bodies. In this fenfe the chemifts fometimes call their art anatomia fpagyrica, spagyrical anatomy. Accordingly they fpeak of the anatomy of vitriol, fulphur, &c.

ANATOMY OF BRUTES. See COMPARATIVE ANATOMY.

ANATOMY OF PLANTS may be confidered as a branch of comparative anatomy, otherwife called dendronatomy. The parts of plants which come under anatomical confideration are, the roots, wood, bark, pith, fruit, leaves, flowers, &c. The aBatomy of vegetables is chiefly owing to the induftry of Malpighi, and Dr Grew, though confiderably promoted by Ruysch, who by a pecular method of injection, produced divers fkeletons or fyftems of veffels of fruit, leaves, and the like. Something of the fame kind has also been done by Thummingius. Some make F. Fabri the father of this fcience; and alledge that Malpighi took many of his difcoveries from him. Dr Highmore in his book of Generation, Dr Sharrock on the propagation of plants, and Dr Hook in his Microphagia, have alfo given fome obfervations tending this way, though only collaterally. See PLANTS.

ANATRIPSIS, [from ava and rew, I wear,] in ancient medicine, denotes friction. The word is fometimes written fimply tripfis.

(1.) * ANATRON. n.f. The feum which fwims upon the molten glafs in the furnace, which, when taken off, melts in the air, and coagulates into common falt. It is likewife that falt which gathers upon the walls of vaults.

(2.) ANATRON, fkimmed from glass, as above deribed, is the fame with what others call fel vitri, or gall of glass.

(3.) ANATRON, or NATRON, a kind of native faltpetre, or nitre, found in Egypt. It is of a cineritious colour, and bitter taste, approaching to fal ammoniac. It is the produce of a huge lake, on the furface of which it is gathered, in form of a fcum.

(4) ANATRON is alfo a compound falt, made of quicklime, alum, vitriol, common falt, and nitre; ufed as a flux to promote the fufion and purification of metals.

(4.) ANATRON is likewife ufed for the terra fara. tenica; of which there are several kinds, black, red, and blue.

ANATROPE, [avargin, from avarie, to fubvert;] a fubverfion or relaxation of the ftomach, attended with the lofs of appetite, vomiting, and naufea.

ANATTOM, one of the New Hebrides Mands, in the South Sea. Lon. 170. 9. E. Lat. 20. ro To: S. ANAUDI, those who are dumb. See next article.

ANAUDIA, among naturalifts, denotes dumbnefs, or a want of the use of speech. Anaudia is by fome, made to differ from aphonia, as the former is owing to a defect of the nerves of the tongue, the latter to that of the nerves of the larynx. Infants and mutes are anaudi, avavdu, not aphoni, aqwv.

ANAVINGA, in botany, a tree of a middle fize, that grows in Malabar in the Eaft Indies, efpecially about Cochin. It is an evergreen, and its fruits and berries are ripe in Auguft. The juice of the berries drank, excites fweat, cures malignant diftem pers, and keeps the body open. A decoction of the leaves in water makes a fit bath, for fuch as are afflicted with pains in the joints.

ANAUMACHION, [from a, negative, vavs, a hip, and μaxual, I fight.] in antiquity, the crime of refufing to ferve in the fleet.

ANAX, in ancient writers, denotes a hero, or demigod. The word feems formed of the Hebrew anakim, or enakim, which fignifies the fame. Some will have it originally to import giants, called alfo ynysus, earth-born. See ANAK. Cicero fays, that the three eldest fons of Jupiter, called Ag, were alfo denominated anacés.

ANAXAGORAS, one of the most celebrated philofophers of antiquity, was born at Clazomene in Ionia, about the 70th Olympiad. He gave up his patrimony, to be more at leifure to ftudy philofophy; and placed himself under the care of Anaximenes, the Athenian. When about 20 years of age, he went to Athens, and entered upon the ftudy of philofophy, where he remained 30 years. After affuming the character of a public teacher of philofophy, he rofe quickly to high eminence, and produced many famous fcholars, among whom were Euripides, the tragedian, Pericles, the statelman, and the renowned Socrates. Anaxagoras contented himself with ferving the republic in his own ftation, without interfering in the public affairs of ftate, by inftilling into the minds of the Athenian youth the principles of wifdem; and likewife by his daily advice in the most important affairs, particularly in the cafe of Pericles. But neither the friendship of the famous Pericles, nor his own general difinterestedness of character, nor his great learning, could guard him from the fhafts of perfecution. He was accufed of impiety, and as the introducer of new opinions refpecting

the

which he lived. It is faid that he difcovered the obliquity of the Zodiac, was the first who publifhed a geographical table, invented the gnomon, and fet up the firft fun-dial in an open place at Lacedæmon. He taught, that infinity of things was the principal and univerfal elcment; that this infinite always preferved its unity, but that its parts underwent changes; that all things came from it; and that all were about to return unto it. According to all appearance, he meant, by this obfcure and indeterminate principle, the chaos of the other philofophers. He afferted, that there are an infinity of worlds: that the stars are compofed of air and fire, which are carried in their spheres, and that thefe fpheres are gods; and that the earth is placed in the midst of the univerfe, as in a common centre. He added, that infinite worlds were the product of infinity, and that corruption proceeded from feparation. Materialism is also afcribed to him. See next article.

the gods. His judges condemned him to death; but, through the influence of Pericles, the fentence was changed to banishment. He took up his refidence at Lampfacus, where he spent the remainder of his days, teaching philofophy in the fchool of his deceafed mafter Anaximenes. He died here in the year 428 B. C. The inhabitants of Lampfacus, had honoured him much during his life, and continued their respect for him after his death. See next article. He is faid to have wrote upon the phenomena of nature. His principal tenets were, that,-All things were in the beginning confufedly placed together, without motion; that the principle of things is at the fame time one and multiplex, which he therefore called homæmeries, or fimilar particles, deprived of life: That befides this there exifted from all eternity, another principle, an infinite and incorporeal fpirit, who gave the particles a motion; that fuch as were homogeneal united, and fuch as were heterogeneal feparated: That in this manner, fimilar things, being united to fuch as were fimilar, fuch as had a circular motion produced heavenly bodies; the lighter particles afcended; thofe which were heavy defcended; and the rocks of the earth, being drawn up by the force of the air, took fire, and became ftars, beneath which the fun and moon took their stations. Thus he did not confider the stars as divinities. Neither did he doubt the immortality of the foul: for, being afked upon his death-bed if he wished to be carried back to his own country, "It is no matter," replied he, "for there is a near cut to beaven from every place."

ANAXAGORIA, in antiquity, a feftival obferved in honour of Anaxagoras. The occafion of its being inftituted was this: Anaxagoras dying at Lampfacus, the magistrates of that city afked him, whether he defired any thing to be done for him? He replied, that on the anniverfary of his death the boys fhould have leave to play.

ANAXANDRIDES, king of Sparta, commenced his reign about 550 B. C. He had two wives, which was uncommon among the Lacedemonians; by one he had a fon, named Cleomenes, who fucceeded him, and by the other three children, one of whom was the famous Leonidas. ANAXANDRIDES, a comic poet of Rhodes, who flourished in the reign of Philip king of Macedonia, and wrote 65 plays.

ANAXARCHUS, a philofopher of Abdera, a follower of Democritus, and highly esteemed by Alexander the Great. His end was equally tragical and heroic. Having fallen into the hands of the enemy; Nicocreon, tyrant of Cyprus, order ed him to be pounded alive in a mortar; whereupon he replied-" Beat as thou wilt on the bag of Anaxarchus, bimfelf thou canst not hurt." On this the tyrant faid he would cut out his tongue, whereupon the philofopher bit it off, and fpit it

at him.

ANAXIMANDER, a famous Greek philofopher, born at Miletus in the 42d Olympiad. He was the first who publicly taught philofophy, and wrote upon philofophical fubjects. He carried his refearches into nature very far for the time in

ANAXIMANDRIANS, the followers of Anaximander. They are alfo nominated bylopathi and flood opposed to the anatomifts. They were the most ancient fect of philofophical atheifts; they allowed of nothing in nature but bodies. Thefe bodies they afferted, admit of qualities, which produce and deftroy each other, in a circle without beginning or end.

ANAXIMENES, an eminent Greek philofopher, born at Miletus, the friend, scholar, and fucceffor of Anaximander. He diffufed fome light upon the obfcurity of his mafter's fyftem. He made the first principle of things to confift in the air, which he confidered as infinite, and to which he afcribed a perpetual motion. He afferted, that all things which proceeded from it, were definite and circumfcribed; and that this air, therefore, was God, fince the divine power refided in it and agitated it. Cold and moisture, heat and motion, rendered it vifible, and dreffed it in different forms, according to the different degrees of its condenfation. All the elements thus proceeded from heat and cold. The earth was, in his opi nion, one continued flat surface.

ANAXIMENES, the son of Ariftocles of Lampfacus, an orator, the difciple of Diogenes the Cynic, and of Zoilus the railer against Homer. He was preceptor to Alexander of Macedon, and followed him to the wars. Alexander being incenfed against the people of Lampfacus, they fent this philofopher to intercede for them. Alexander, knowing the caufe of his coming, fwore that he would do the very reverfe of whatever he defired of him. Anaximenes begged of him to burn Lampfacus and extirpate the inhabitants, or fell them for flaves. Alexander unwilling to break his oath, and not able to elude this tratagem, pardoned the people of Lampfacus.

ANAZARBA, or ANAZARBUS, a town of C licia, on the river Pyramus, the birth place of Diofcorides, and of the poet Oppian. It was afterwards called Cæfarea, in honour of Auguftus or Tiberius. It was deftroyed by a dreadful earthquake, in the year 525, along with fever other important cities: but they were all repaired at a vaft expence, by the emperor Juftin; who was fo much affected with their misfortune, that,

putting

patting off his diadem and purple, he appeared for feveral days in fackcloth. ANAZARBEIS, or The inhabitants of AnaANAZARBENÍ, zarba. See last article.

ANBAR, a town of Hindooftan. ANBERTKEND, [in the Eastern Language, Eterally, the cistern of the waters of life, a celebrated book of the Brachmans, wherein the Indian philofophy and religion are contained. It is vided into 50 betbs, or difcourfes, each of which confts of ten chapters. It has been tranflated from the original Indian, into Arabic, under the title of Morat al Maani, i. e. the marrow of intelligence.

ANBLATUM, in botany. See APHYLLON, It is also named by Linnæus LATHRÆA, &C. *ANBURY. z. f. See AMBURY.

ANCA, or ANCUs, in middle age writers, the thigh or hind leg.

ANCARANO, a town of Italy, in the pope's dominions, and marq. of Ancona, fituated 5 miles N. of Afcoli, and 82 NE. of Rome. Lon. 13. 29. E. Lat. 47. 48. N.

loud lamentable cries, What they are doing?— How they spend their time?-What it is they want? and the like. The Quojas, a people of Africa, offer facrifices of rice and wine to their ancellors, before they undertake any confiderable action. The anniverfaries of their deaths are always kept by their deaths with great folemnity. The king invokes the foul of his father and mother, to make trade flourish, and the chace fuc ceed!

ANCASTER, [Sax. from an, and ceafter, a caffle, a town in Lincolnshire, under a hill, 8 miles from Grantham, and 15 South of Lincoln. While the Romans ruled in South Britain, it was Called Croccocalana, and was fituated on the Roman highway. In thofe days it was very populous, and it still abounds with remnants of antiquity. There are large ftone quarries in its eighbourhood, and the rocks lie very near the furface. Lon. 30. o. W. Lat. 52. 30. N. ANCASTLE, a fmall town in Oxfordshire, on the borders of Berkshire.

ANCENIS, a town of France, feated on the Loire, in the department of Lower Loire, 25 miles E. of Nantz. Lon. 1. 9. W. Lat. 47. 20. N. (1.)* ANCESTOR. n. f. [ancestor, Lat. anceftre, Fr. One from whom a perfon defcends, either by the father or the mother. It is diftinguished by Predeceffor which is not, like ancefter, a natural but civil denomination. An hereditary monarch facceeds to his ancestors; an elective, to his predeceffors.

Obfcure! why, pr’ythee what am I? I know My father, grand fire, and great grandfire too: ffarther I derive my pedigree,

Ican but guefs beyond the fourth degree.
The rest of my forgotten anceflors,

Were fons of earth like him, or fons of whores. Dryden. (2) ANCESTORS, ANCIENT HONOURS PAID TO. Mot nations have paid honours to their ancestors. It was properly the departed fouls of their forefathers, that the Romans worshipped under the Cenominations of lares, lemures, and household Hence the ancient tombs were a kind of temples, or rather altars, wherein oblations were hade by the kindred of the deceased.

3) ANCESTORS, MODERN HONOURS PAID TO. The Ruffians have ftill their anniversary feafts, in memory of their ancestors, which they call roditeli fabot, q. d. kinsfolk's fabbath, wherein they make formal vifits to the dead in their graves, and carry them provifions, eatables, and prefents, of divers other kinds. They interrogate them, with

(4.) ANCESTORS, WORSHIP OF, AMONG THE CHINESE. The Chinese feem to have diftinguished themfelves above all other nations, in the veneration they bear their ancestors. By the laws of Confucius, part of the duty, which children owe their parents, confifts in worshipping them when dead. This fervice, which makes a confiderable part of the religion of the Chinese, is said to have been inftituted by the emperor Kun, the fifth in order, from the foundation of that ancient empire. The Chinese have both a folemn and ordinary worship, which they pay their ancestors. The former is held regularly twice a-year, viz. in fpring and autumn, with much pomp. One, who was prefent at it, gives the following account of the ceremonies on that occasion: The facrifices were made in a chapel, well adorned, where there were fix altars, furnished with cenfers, tapers, and flowers. There were 3 minifters, and behind them, 2 young acolites. The 3 former went, with a profound filence and frequent genuflexions, towards the five altars, pouring out wine; afterwards, they drew near to the fixth, and, when they came to the foot of the altar, half bowed down, they faid their prayers, with a low voice. The minifters then went to the altar; the officiating prieft took up a vellel full of wine, and drank; then lifted up the head of a deer or goat; after which, taking fire from the altar, they all lighted a bit of paper: and the minifter of the ceremonies turning towards the people, faid with a high voice, that he gave them thanks in the name of their ancestors, for having fo well honoured them; and, in recompence, he promifed them, on their part, a plentiful harvest, a fruitful iffue, good health, and long life, and all thofe advantages that are moft pleafing to men. The Chinese give their ancestors another fimpler and more private worthip. To this end, they have, in their houses, a niche or hollow place, where they put the names of their deceafed fathers, and make prayers and offerings of perfumes and fpices to them at certain times, with bowing, &c. They do the like at their tombs.

The Jews, fettled in China, are faid to worship their ancestors, like the heathens, and with the fame ceremonies, except, that they offer not fwines flesh. Near their fynagogues they have a hall, or court of ancestors, wherein are niches for Abrahami, Ifaac, &c. The Jefuits alfo conformed, and were permitted by their general, to conform to this, and many other fuperstitious cuftoms of the Chinefe. There is one peculiarity of another kind, wherein the Chinefe how their regard for their ancestors; in proportion as any of their defcendants are preferred to a higher degree or dignity, their dead ancestors

are

are, at the fame time preferred and ennobled with them. The kings, Ven-Van, Veu-Van, and Cheu-Cum, who were defcended from vaflal kings, when they mounted the imperial throne, raifed their ancestors, from the vallal ftate, wherein they had lived, to the dignity of emperors; fo that the fame honours were, for the future, rendered them, as if they had been emperors of China. The fame example was followed by fubfequent kings, and now obtains among the grandees and literati: all now worship their anceftors, according to the rank which they themfelves hold in the world. If the fon be a mandarin, and the father only a doctor, the latter is buried as a doctor, but facrificed to as a mandarin. The like holds in degradations, where the condition of the fathers is that of their fons.

* ANCESTREL. adj. [from ancestor.] Claimed from ancestors; relating to ancestors: a term of law. Limitation in actions ancestrel, was anciently fo here in England. Hale.

ANCESTRY. n.. [from ancestor.] 1. Lineage; a series of ancestors, or progenitors; the perfons who compofe the lineage.-A tenacious adherence to the rights and liberties tranfmitted from a wife and virtuous ancestry, public spirit, and a love of one's country, are the fupport and ornaments of government. Addison. 2. The honour of defcent; birth.-Title and anceftry render a good man more illuftrious, but an ill one more contemptible. Addifon.

ANCHENTRY. n. f. [from ancient, and therefore properly to be written anciently.] Antiquity of a family; ancient dignity: appearance or proof of antiquity.-Wooing, wedding, and repenting, is a Scotch jig, a measure and a cinque pace; the ift fuit is hot and hafty, like a Scotch jig, and full as fantastical; the wedding mannerly modeft, as a meafure full of state and anchentry; and then comes repentance, and with his bad legs falls into the cinque pace fafter and fafter, till he finks into his grave. Shakespeare.

ANCHILOPS, [xyxvλn, contraction, and w, eye;] in medicine, denotes an abfcefs, or collection of matter, between the great angle of the eye and the note. If fuffered to remain too long, or unskilfully managed, it degenerates, the ftagnating humours corrupt, and an ulcer is produced. When the tumor is broke, and the tears flow involuntarily, whilft the os lacrymale is not carious, it is an agylops; but when the ulcer is of a long ftanding, deep, fetid, and the os lacramyle becomes carious, it is a fiftula. The cure is by reftriction and excifion, tying it at the root on the glandula lacrymalis, and when ready, cutting it off. See SURGERY, INDEX.

ANCHIROMACHUS, in middle age writers, denotes a kind of veflel, which on account of its nimble failing, was used for the conveyance of anchors, and other neceffary utenfils of hips. It is alfo written ancyromagus, angromagus, anquiromagus, and anguiromagus,

ANCHISES, in fabulous hiftory, a Trojan prince, the fon of Capys, and defcended from Dardanus. Venus made love to him in the form of a beautiful nymph; and bore to him Æneas, the hero of Virgil's Æneid.

(1.) * ANCHOR, n. f. [anchora, Lat. 1. A heavy iron, compofed of a long fhank, having a ring at one end to which the cable is fastened and at the other, branching out into two arms or flooks, tending upwards, with barbs or edges on each fide. Its ufe is to hold the fhip, by being fixed to the ground.

He faid, and wept; then spread his fails before (fhore: The winds, and reach'd at length the Cuman Their anchors dropt, his crew the veffels moor.

Dryden. 2. It is ufed, by a metaphor, for any thing which confers ftability or fecurity.-Which hope we have as an anchor of the foul, both fure and ftedraft, and which entereth into that within the veil. Heb. 3. The forms of speech in which it is moft, commonly used, are, to cast anchor, to lye or ride at anchor.-The Turkish general, perceiving that the Rhodians would not be drawn forth to battle at fea, withdrew his fleet, when cafting anchor, and landing his men, he burnt the corn. Knolles.

(2.) ANCHOR. n. f. Shakespeare feems to have ufed this word for anchoret, or an abstemious reclufe perfon.

To defperation turn my trust and hope!
An anchor's cheer in prifon be my scope.
Shakespeare.

(3.) ANCHORS, ANCIENT, ACCOUNTS OF. The most ancient anchors are faid to have been of ftone; and fometimes of wood, to which a great, quantity of lead was ufually fixed. In fome places, baskets full of stones, and facks filled with fand: were employed for the fame ufe. All these were let down by cords into the fea, and by their weight ftayed the courfe of the fhip. Afterwards they were compofed of iron, and furnished with teeth which, being fattened to the bottom of the fea preserved the veftel immoveable; whences and dentes are frequently taken for anchors, in the Greek and Latin poets. At firft there was only one tooth, whence anchors were called_srigorou but in a fhort time the second was added by Eu palamus, or Anacharfis, the Scythian philofopher. The anchors with two teeth were called appicoda, or appico; and from ancient monuments appear to have been much the fame with thofe ufed in our days, only the tranfverfe pieces of wood upon their handles (the ftock) is wanting in all of them. Every fhip had feveral anchors; one of which, furpaffing all the reft in bignefs and ftrength, was peculiarly termed ng or facra, and was never ufed but in extreme danger; whence facram anchoram folvere, is proverbially applied to fuch as are forced to their latt refuge.

(4.) ANCHORS, DESCRIPTION OF MODERN. The anchors now made are contrived fo as to fink into the ground as foon as they reach it, and to hold a great strain before they can be loofened or dislodged from their station. They are com pofed of a thank, a ftock, a ring, and two arms with their flooks. The ftock which is a long piece of timber fixed across the shank, ferves to guide the looks in a direction perpendicular to the furface of the ground; fo that one of them finks into it by its own weight as foon as it fails, and is ftill preferved fteadily in that pofition by

the

the flock, which, together with the fhank, lies Bat on the bottom. In this situation it muft neceffarily fuftain a great effort before it can be dragged through the earth horizontally. Indeed this can only be effected by the violence of the wind or tide, or both of them, fometimes increased by the turbulence of the fea, and acting upon the ship fo as to ftretch the cable to its utmoft tenfion, which accordingly may dislodge the anchor from is bed, especially if the ground be foft and oozy, er rocky. When the anchor is thus displaced, it faid in the fea-phrafe, to come home. That the figure of this useful instrument may be more clearly understood, a representation of it is given in plate V. N° 1. It confifts of a long maffy beam of iron erected perpendicularly, b, at the lower end of which are two arms, de. of equal thickefs with the beam (ufually called the bank,) only that they taper towards the points, which are elevated above the horizontal plane at an angle of 30 degrees, or inclined at the thank at an angle of 60 degrees; on the upper part of each arm (in this pofition) is a flook or thick plate of iron, gb, commonly fhaped like an ifofceles triangle, whofe bafe reaches inward to the middle of the arm. On the upper end of the shank is fixed the ftock tranf verfely with the flooks; the stock is a long beam of oak, f, in two parts, ftrongly bolted and hooped together with iron rings. Sée alfo N° 2. Clofe about the ftock is the ring a, to which the cable is faltened, or bent: the ring is curiously covered with a number of pieces of short rope, which are twifted about it fo as to form a very thick texture or covering called the puddening, and used to preferve the cable from being fretted or chafed by the iron. Every fhip, has or ought to have, 3 principal anchors, with a cable to each, viz. the thest maitreffe-ancbre, (which is the anchora jaera of the ancients); the best bower, fecond arcre; and fmail bower, ancre d'affourche, to called from thair ufual fituation on the fhip's bows. There are befides smaller anchors, for removing a ship from place to place in a harbour or river, where there may not be room or wind for failing; these are the ftream-anchor, anere de toue; the kedge and grappling, grapin: this laft, however, is thefly defigned for boats.

ANCHORS, METHOD OF MAKING. The goodness of the anchor is a point of great importance. Great care is therefore to be taken, that the metal it is made of be neither too foft nor too brittle; the latter rendering it liable to break and the former to traiten. The thank, arms, and fooks, are first forged feparately; then the hole is made at one end of the thank for the ring, which alfo being previoully forged, is put into the hole of the thank, and the two ends thut together. After which the arms are shut to the thank, one after the other, and the anchor is finished. Proof is made of anchors, by raifing them to a great height, and then letting them fall again on a kind of iron block placed across for the purpofe. To try whether the flooks will turn to the bottom and take hold of the ground, they place the anchor on an even furface, with the end

of one of the looks, and one of the ends of the Rock refting on the furface; in cafe the anchor

VOL. II. PART J.

turns, and the point of the flook rifes upwards, the anchor is good. In England, France, and Holland, anchors are made of forged iron: but in Spain they are fometimes made of copper, and likewise in several parts of the South Sea. Tras vellers tell us of people in the Indies who make ufe of wooden anchors in their navigation.-The inhabitants of the island of Ceylon, in lieu of an chors, ufe huge round ftones; and, in other pla ces, their anchors are a kind of machines of wood, loaden with ftones. Sometimes bags of fand have been made use of, but thefe chiefly obtained iri rocky places, where anchors would not take hold: (6.) ANCHORS, PROPORTIONS OF For the the proportions of anchors, according to Man waring, the thank fhould be thrice the length of one of the looks, and half the length of the beam. According to Aubin, the length of the anchor fhould be four tenths of the greatest breadth of the fhip; fo that the thank, e. gr. of an anchor in a velel 30 feet wide, is to be 12 feet long: When the thank is, for inftance, 8 feet long, the two arms are to be 7 feet long, measuring them according to their curvity. As to the degree of curvity given the arm, there is no rule for it the workmen are there left to their own difcretion. The latter writer observes, that the anchor of a large heavy veffel is fmaller, in proportion; than that of a leffer and lighter one. The reafon he gives is, that though the fea employs an equal force against a small veffel as against a great ones fuppoling the extent of wood upon which the water acts to be equal in both, yet the little veffel, by reason of its fuperior lightness, does not make fo much refiftance as the greater; the defect whereof must be supplied by the weight of the anchor. From thefe, and other hydroftatic principles, the following table has been formed; wherein, is fhown, by means of the fhip's breadta within, how many feet the beam or thank ought to be long, giving it for tenths or two fifths of the fhip's breadth within: by which proportion might be regulated the length of the other parts of the anchor. In this table is reprefented likewife the weight an anchor ought to be for a fhips from eight feet broad to 45, increasing by one foot's breadth; fuppofing that all anchors are fi milar, or that their weights are as the cubes of the lengths of the fhanks.