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USINESS firms and individuals having a large trade, where indebtedness is unavoidably incurred for a long or short time, frequently find it necessary to employ collectors whose special and entire duty it is to promptly collect such indebtedness or see that the same is paid when due. Oftentimes their work of collection will be in portions of the country hundreds or thousands of miles from the place of business or residence of the creditor. It is usual under these circumstances to invest such an agent, thus doing business, with what is termed "Power of Attorney," which is done by a written instrument usually under seal. The person or persons so authorized are called attorneys, and the person or persons so appointing are termed constituents.

If a power of attorney is to be recorded, it should be acknowledged. Where any act of the attorney is to be by deed, the authority to execute it must also be by deed. A document authorizing the attorney to execute a sealed instrument, must of itself be under seal, and a power to convey lands requires the same regulations in its acknowledgment by both husband and wife, in many States, as a deed by them would require. The following illustrates the general form and wording of such a document, together with other papers related thereto:

GENERAL FORM OF POWER OF ATTORNEY.

KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS, that I, Henry G. Holden, of Londonderry, in the County of Windham, and State of Vermont, have made, constituted and appointed, and by these presents do make, constitute and appoint James H. Hill, of Downer's Grove, County of Dupage, and State of Illinois, a true and lawful attorney for me, and in my name, place and stead, and in my behalf, to [here insert the things which the attorney is to do], hereby giving and granting unto my said attorney full power and authority in the premises to use all lawful means in my name and for my sole benefit, for the purposes aforesaid. And generally to do and perform all such acts, matters and things as my said attorney shall deem necessary and expedient for the completion of the authority hereby given, as fully as I might and could do were I personally present. In witness whereof, I, the said Henry G. Holden, have hereunto set my hand and seal, this first day of December, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.

Signed and sealed in presence of HENRY G. HOLDEN. [SEAL.]

KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS, that I, Henry G. Holden, in the town of Londonderry, County of Windham, and State of Vermont, have made, constituted and appointed, and by these presents do make, constitute and appoint Jas. H. Till my true and lawful attorney, for me and in my name, to ask, demand, sue for, recover and receive of John Holland, and of all and every person and persons whomsoever indebted to me by note, account, or otherwise, all such sums of money, debt, and demands whatsoever, as now are or may be due and owing to me from them or either of them. And in default of payment of the saine by them or either of them, to take all lawful means, in my name or otherwise, for the recovery thereof, by attachment, arrest or otherwise, and to arrange and agree for the same; and on receipt thereof to discharge the same, and seal and deliver in a lawful manner, and do all lawful acts concerning the premises as I would do myself were I personally present; and make and revoke such attorneys under him as may be necessary for the purposes aforesaid.

Hereby confirming all my said attorney shall in my name lawfully do, or cause to be done, in or about the premises.

In witness whereof, I, the said Henry G. Holden, have hereto set my hand and seal, this ninth day of December, one thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.

Signed and sealed in presence of HENRY G. HOLDEN. [SEAL.]

282

attorney, make and appoint Jas. H. Hill, of Downer's Grove, County of Dupage, State of Illinois, to be my lawful attorney in my name and for my use, to [here set forth what the attorney was authorized to do, precisely in the language of the original power], as by the same writing, reference thereto being had, will fully appear: Now know all men by these presents, that I, the said Henry G. Holden, for a just cause, have revoked, recalled and made void the said letter of attorney, and all powers or authorities therein granted, and all acts which shall or may be done by virtue thereof.

If another attorney is to be appointed continue thus:] And further know ye, that I, the said Henry G. Holden, do by these presents name, constitute and appoint John N. Hurd, of Aurora, County of Kane, and State of Illinois, to be my lawful attorney.

Signed and sealed in presence of HENRY G. HOLDEN. [SEAL.]

DUTIES OF CORONERS.

The office of coroner is one which the people of every community must provide for. Sudden deaths, which take place through violence, poison, suicide, and accident, demand investigation by persons compe. tent to determine the cause of such death; hence in every State there are statutes regulating the manner of holding the coroner's inquest.

The duty of the coroner, upon being notified of a person being found dead, supposed to have come to his or her death through violence or unnatural means, is to summon a jury of six men, usually. Upon their assembling he will appoint one of the number a foreman, who, upon their being sworn to do their duty, will carefully proceed to investigate the cause of the death, witnesses being sworn by the coroner, and all other measures taken calculated to arrive at the true facts of the case. As soon as the inquest is held and the verdict of the jury is rendered, if the deceased is unknown and is unclaimed by friends, immediate measures are taken to bury the body, which is done at the expense of the deceased person's estate if such there be. If not, then at the expense, generally, of the county. All goods found, after ten days' notice, according to the law of various States, are sold, and the proceeds, along with the moneys, papers or other valuable thing or things, deposited with the county treasurer, the coroner taking a receipt therefor. In the hands of the county treasurer they are to remain five years, subject to the order of the legal representatives of the deceased. If in that time they are not called for, then the property vests in the county.

It is made the duty of the coroner to keep a book of record in which is fully detailed all the circumstances attending every inquest, the testimony of witnesses, etc., and where any person or persons are implicated in the death, to arrange to have such witness or witnesses knowing the fact appear at the next term of court.

It is made the duty of the foreman to bring in the verdict, which will vary according to circumstances, as follows:

-, county

in

At an inquest held at the house of A. B. in the town of of -, on the day of -, 18, before C. D., a coroner or justice of the peace in said county, upon the body of E. F. [or, a person unknown], there lying dead, the following jurymen being sworn to inquire into all the circumstances attending the death of the said E. F. [or, a person unknown], decide that one G. H., of [or, late of] the town of the county of aforesaid, [or as the case may be] on the day of in the year 18-, at o'clock in the afternoon of that day, made an assault upon the body of the deceased with a rod of iron [or as the case may be], from which assault wounds were inflicted on his left breast, causing the death of the deceased on the day of 18-.

It is common with societies and assemblies of various kinds to entrust the special work of such society or assembly, requiring considerable investigation, to a committee usually consisting of three, five or more, who are expected to examine the subject which they are appointed to investigate, and at a certain specified time, or at their earliest convenience, bring in a written report of their conclusions.

It is customary to have such committee of an odd number, as three, five, etc., so that in case of the committee failing to agree there can be a majority vote, and a majority as well as a minority report.

The following may serve as specimens of various kinds of reports:

MAJORITY REPORT.

To the Mayor and Aldermen of the City of Aurora, in Common Council assembled:

Your committee, to whom was referred the proposition of John Jones to sell to the city a gravel bed, comprising a piece of land of four rods by ten in size, being lot four in block ten in the original plat of the city of Aurora, having had the same under advisement, ask leave to report as follows, to wit:

The gravel in this bed, though not of the uniform quality that may be desired, is yet sufficiently good to answer the purpose of grading the streets. The quantity in this lot, according to estimate, will be sufficient for the city's use in the east division of the city for the next five years, and, considering its accessibility, the city is recommended to buy the lot at the price offered, namely, five hundred dollars. L. O. HILL, H. H. EVANS.

MINORITY REPORT.

To the Mayor and Aldermen of the City of Aurora, in Common Council assembled:

The undersigned, the minority of a committee to whom was referred the proposition of John Jones to sell to the city a gravel bed, comprising a piece of land four rods by ten in size, being lot four in block ten in the original plat of the city of Aurora, having had the same under advisement, asks leave to report as follows, to wit:

The gravel in this bed is not such as the city should purchase as a covering for the streets, being in certain veins too fine, and in other places altogether too coarse. As there are other points in the city where lots can be purchased containing gravel which is much better adapted to the purpose of graveling streets, just as accessible and quite as cheap, the undersigned therefore recommends that the city do not purchase the lot at the price offered, naniely, five hundred dollars. S. B. HAWLEY.

REPORT OF THE TREASURER OF AN ASSOCIATION.

The undersigned, treasurer of the New York Mutual Benefit Association, herewith submits his annual report:

The balance in the treasurer's hands at the commencement of the present year, was forty-four (44) dollars. During the year, as shown by the accompanying exhibit A, which is hereto appended, there have been received into the treasury, from all sources, five hundred and ninety one (591) dollars and eighty-four (84) cents. During the same time the expenditures have been two hundred and fifty-seven (257) dollars and ten (10) cents, leaving a balance in the treasury, and subject to the order of the society, the sum of three hundred and thirty-four (334) dollars and seventy-four (74) cents.

All of which is respectfully submitted.

A. VAN OSDEL, Treasurer, N. Y. M. B. A.

REPORT OF A SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON CITY HALL. The Committee on City Hall beg leave to submit the following report: The present state of the building requires the early attention of the city, both in reference to needed changes in the arrangement of some of the rooms and in general repairs.

The roof is in need of immediate repair, the paint being so worn away as to leave much of the tin exposed to the weather, which is, consequently, badly rusted. The ceiling, walls and seats of the upper hall also require calcimining and painting, and many lights of glass need resetting. They recommend that this room be generally repainted, which, by the painter's estimate, annexed and marked A, can be done for ninety-one (91) dollars.

In connection with this improvement, they recommend the remodeling of the office of city clerk, by constructing a platform eight inches in height and seven feet in width on the south and west sides of the room,

ESTIMATE FOR PAINTING ROOF AND INTERIOR OF UPPER HALL.

For painting roof two coats, mineral paint.
For calcimining ceiling of upper hall.
For setting seventeen panes of large glass.
For painting walls two coats...
For painting and graining seats

$26.00

14.00

9.00

24.00

18.00

$91.00

BARNARD & STONE, Painters.

REPORT OF COMMITTEE AT AN AGRICULTURAL FAIR.

To the President and Superintendent of the Washington County Fair: GENTLEMEN —Your committee to whom was assigned the duty of deciding concerning the relative merit of swine on exhibition at this show, make the following report:

The exhibit of different breeds is good, there being nine distinct classes in the exhibition. Of these, for size, cleanliness and generally superior condition, the first premium is awarded to four animals of the Poland China breed, in pen C, division four. The second premium is given to pen D, division three, containing three animals, Suffolks, which are to be commended for their great weight, considering their age. Very Respectfully ARTHUR MONROE, WILBUR HANCHETT, DEXTER D. BROWN.

PRINTED TITLE FOR ENTRY BEFORE PUBLICATION.

1. A printed copy of the title of the book, map, chart, dramatic or musical composition, engraving, cut, print, photograph, or a description of the painting, drawing, chromo, statue, statuary, or model or design for a work of the fine arts, for which copyright is desired, must be sent by mail, prepaid, addressed

LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS,

WASHINGTON, D. C.

This must be done before publication of the book or other article.

COPYRIGHT FEES.

2. A fee of 50 cents, for recording the title of each book or other article, must be inclosed with the title as above, and 50 cents in addition (or $1 in all) for each certificate of copyright under seal of the Librarian of Congress, which will be transmitted by return mail.

WHAT IS REQUIRED TO PERFECT COPYRIGHT.

3. Within ten days after publication of each book or other article, two complete copies of the best edition issued must be sent, to perfect the copyright, with the address

LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS,

WASHINGTON, D. C.

It is optional with those sending books and other articles to perfect copyright to send them by mail or express; but, in either case, the charges are to be prepaid by the senders. Without the deposit of copies above required, the copyright is void, and a penalty of $25 is incurred. No copy is required to be deposited elsewhere.

NOTICE OF COPYRIGHT TO BE GIVEN BY IMPRINT.

4. No copyright hereafter issued is valid unless notice is given by inserting in every copy published, on the title page, or the page following, if it be a book; or, if a map, chart, musical composition, print, cut, engraving, photograph, painting, drawing, chromo, statue, statuary, or model or design intended to be perfected as a work of the fine arts, by inscribing upon some portion of the face or front thereof, or on the face of the substance on which the same is mounted, the following words, viz.: Entered according to act of Congress, in the year by in the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washing'on. Or thus: Copyright, 18- by A. B.

of copyright entry, and notifying the Librarian of Congress of such reservation, to be entered upon the record.

DURATION OF COPYRIGHT.

6. Each copyright secures the exclusive right of publishing the book or article copyrighted for the term of twenty-eight years. At the end of that time, the author or designer, or his widow or children, may secure a renewal for the further term of fourteen years, making fortytwo years in all. Applications for renewal must be accompanied by explicit statement of ownership, in the case of the author, or of relationship, in the case of his heirs, and must state definitely the date and place of entry of the original copyright.

TIME OF PUBLICATION.

7. The time within which any work copyrighted may be issued from the press is not limited by any law or regulation, but depends upon the discretion of the proprietor. A copyright may be secured for a projected work as well as for a completed one.

ASSIGNMENTS.

8. Any copyright is assignable in law by any instrument of writing, but such assignment must be recorded in the office of the Librarian of Congress within sixty days from its date. The fee for this record is fifteen cents for every 100 words, and ten cents for every 100 words for a copy of the record of assignment.

COPIES, OR DUPLICATE CERTIFICATES.

9. A copy of the record (or duplicate certificate) of any copyright entry will be furnished under seal, at the rate of fifty cents each.

SERIALS OR SEPARATE PUBLICATIONS TO BE COPYRIGHTED SEPARATELY.

10. In the case of books published in more than one volume, if issued or sold separately, or of periodicals published in numbers, or of engravings, photographs, or other articles published with variations, a copyright is to be taken out for each volume of a book, or number of a periodical, or variety, as to size or inscription, of any other article.

COPYRIGHTS FOR WORKS OF ART.

11. To secure a copyright for a painting, statue, model or design intended to be perfected as a work of the fine arts, so as to prevent infringement by copying, engraving, or vending such design, a definite description must accompany the application for copyright, and a photograph of the same, at least as large as "cabinet size," must be mailed to the Librarian of Congress within ten days from the completion of the work.

FULL NAME OF PROPRIETOR REQUIRED.

12. Every applicant for a copyright must state distinctly the name and residence of the claimant, and whether the right is claimed as author, designer, or proprietor. No affidavit or formal application is required

.1 pound,-lb.

1 quarter,-qr.*

4 quarters... .100 weight,-cwt. 20 cwts... 1 ton.

Formerly 28 lbs. were allowed to the quarter, but the practice is now nearly out of use excepting in the coal mines in Pennsylvania, the Eastern fish markets, and the U. S. Custom House.

Grains are the same in each of the above weights.

5,760 grains, apothecaries' or troy weight. ...1 lb. 7,000 grains, avoirdupois weight... .....1 lb.

Therefore, 144 lbs. avoir. equal 175 lbs. apoth. or troy.

MEASURES.

Long.

DISTANCE.

barleycorns..1 inch,-in.

40 rds

1 foot,

ft.

1 yard,- yd. .1 rod,- rd.

.1 furlong,-fur.

1 mile.

PAPER.

The Sizes in Inches.

Flat Writing-Papers.

1 quart,-qt.

1 peck, pk.

1 bushel, bu.

1 chaldron.

3

12

ins.

Double Flat Letter.

16 x 20

Flat Foolscap..

13 x 16

5% yds..

Crown

15 x 19

1728 cubic inches.....1 cubic foot. .1 27 cubic feet. "yard. 128 cubic feet.....1 cord (wood.) 40 cubic feet...1 ton (shipping.) 2150.42 cubic in...1 standard bu. • *.1 268.8 gal. 1 cubic ft., four-fifths of a bushel.

To find the number of bushels in a bin of any dimensions, find the number of cubic feet by multiplying the three dimensions of the bin in feet; deduct one-fifth, and the result is the number of bushels.

12.24 ..

12.27

1.37

3.19

4.31

Super Royal

Imperial

Of the different sizes there are also several different weights of each size, as Demy 20, 22, 24, 26, and 28 lbs. per ream.

Stationers usually rule, cut and fold, the sizes required to make the various styles of letter and note papers- a flat sheet making one, two or four sheets of letter or note paper.

Ledger Papers.

Flat Cap.. Crown

14 x 17

15 x 19

Folio.

17 v 22

Demy

16 x 21

Medium ....

18 x 23

.St. John (N. F). Angra (Azores).

.Lisbon.

Each section has

four quarter-sections, designated

above, each containing 160

The township is six miles square, divided into 36 square miles or sections, numbered as above, each containing 640 acres.

SMALLER LAND DIVISIONS.

The following table will assist in making an estimate of the amount of land in fields and lots. § 10 rods x 16 rods.. 5 yards x 968 yards.. $220 feet x 198 feet.. 25 feet x 125 feet... 4356 sq. ft., .10 acre. 10890 sq. ft., .25 21780 .50 32670 .75 Or any two numbers whose product is 160. + Or any two numbers whose product is 4,840. Or any two numbers whose product is 43,560.

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