Lectures on History, and General Policy: To which is Prefixed, An Essay on a Course of Liberal Education for Civil and Active Life, 第 2 卷J. Johnson, 1793 |
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abfolute abuſes advantage againſt alfo almoſt alſo ancient arts becauſe Befides beſt buſineſs cafe caufe cauſe chriftian circumftances civil commerce common confequence confider confiderable conftitution connexion conquefts courſe cuſtoms difpofed eafily empire England Engliſh eſtabliſhed Europe expence faid fame favour fays fcience fecurity feems ferve fervice feudal feveral fhall fhould fince firſt fituation flaves fociety foldiers fome form of government fpirit France ftate fubfiftence fubject fuch fuffer fufficient fuperior greater greateſt Greece happineſs hiftorian hiftory himſelf houſe increaſe induſtry inftance intereft itſelf juſt king labour land laws leaſt LECTURE lefs leſs liberty mankind manufactures meaſures ment moft monarchy moſt muft muſt nation neceffarily neceffary neral obferved occafion particular perfons philofophy poffible prefent preferved princes progrefs puniſhment purpoſe raiſed reafon refpect religion reprefent riches rife Roman Roman empire Saracens ſeems ſmall ſtate taxes thefe themſelves theſe thing thofe thoſe thouſand tion trade uſe Voltaire
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第 259 頁 - High interest arises from three circumstances: A great demand for borrowing; little riches to supply that demand; and great profits arising from commerce...
第 346 頁 - The accounts of all travellers, inconsistent in many other respects, agree in the low wages of labour, and in the difficulty which a labourer finds in bringing up a family in China. If by digging the ground a whole day he can get what will purchase a small quantity of rice in the evening, he is contented.
第 207 頁 - It appears, accordingly, from the experience of all ages and nations, I believe, that the work done by freemen comes cheaper in the end than that performed by slaves.
第 415 頁 - The practice of funding has gradually enfeebled every state which has adopted it. The Italian republics seem to have begun it. Genoa and Venice, the only two remaining which can pretend to an independent existence, have both been enfeebled by it. Spain seems to have learned the practice from the Italian republics, and (its taxes being probably less judicious than theirs) it has, in proportion to its natural strength, been still more enfeebled. The debts of Spain are of very old standing.
第 415 頁 - Britain is at present as much encumbered in time of peace, their ability to accumulate is as much impaired as it would have been in the time of the most expensive war had the pernicious system of funding never been adopted.
第 347 頁 - ... food to the people of other countries. Marriage is encouraged in China, not by the profitableness of children, but by the liberty of destroying them. In all great towns, several are every night exposed in the street, or drowned like puppies in the water. The performance of this horrid office is even said to be the avowed business by which some people earn their subsistence.
第 174 頁 - England, no criminal trial, in the name of the crown can proceed till the cafe has firft been examined by the grand jury of the county, and their authority interpofed for the profecution. In Turkey, fays lady Wortley Montague*, murder is never purfued by the king's officers, as with us. It is the bufinefs of the next relation, to revenge the dead perfon, and if they choofe rather to compound the matter for money, there is no more faid of it. It is of the greateft confequence that the judges be perfons...
第 201 頁 - ... economy of private people, and to restrain their expense, either by sumptuary laws, or by prohibiting the importation of foreign luxuries. They are themselves always, and without any exception, the greatest spendthrifts in the society. Let them look well after their own expense, and they may safely trust private people with theirs. If their own extravagance does not ruin the state, that of their subjects never will.
第 222 頁 - ... from abroad with the conveniences which they could not find at home. By commerce we enlarge our acquaintance with the terraqueous globe and its inhabitants, •which tends greatly to expand the mind, and to cure us of many hurtful prejudices, which we unavoidably contract in a confined fituation at home.
第 232 頁 - ... than that of the country, but, in order to support the industry of the towns, he was willing even to depress and keep down that of the country. In order to render provisions cheap to the inhabitants of the towns, and thereby to encourage manufactures and foreign commerce, he prohibited altogether the exportation of corn, and thus excluded the inhabitants of the country from every foreign market for by far the most important part of the produce of their industry. This prohibition, joined to the...