The Puritan in England and New England - Ezra Hoyt Byington - Google 圖書

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ministers farmers; President Edwards' cows; min-
isterial hospitality in the olden time.

PAGE

130

V. Dwellings of the ministers; furniture; dress; food;

log-houses; the old well-sweep; thatched roofs;

house of Mr. Whitfield in Guilford, Conn.; pewter

platters; no forks; not much butcher's meat; fish

and game; rye and Indian bread; hasty pudding ;

little tea, and no coffee; beer and cider; wine and

spirits; no drunkenness
. . 135

VI. The early meeting-house the central building in the

town: the pulpit; sounding-board, benches, gallery;

log meeting-houses; frame buildings; pointed roof

with belfry in the centre; Hingham meeting-house

now in use; origin of the Puritan church architec-

ture; origin of "pews;" "dignifying" the seats;

third style of New England meeting-house; Old

South Church in Boston; meeting-houses never

lighted except by the sun; objections to candles as

tending to Popery; no means of warming in winter. 139

VII. Methods of public worship: laws required attendance;

smoking within two miles forbidden; Saturday night;

morning service at nine o'clock; summoned by beat-

ing of the drum; the pulpit with the two minis-

ters; seats for ruling elders and deacons ; order of

services; requests for prayer; opening prayer; ex-

position of the chapter; singing by the congrega-

tion; the tunes used; hymn-books; no instrumental

music; style of church music. — Music taught in

Harvard College. - Decline of music in the second

and third generations. The influence of the minis-

ters in the revival of music. — Singing by "note or

by rote."-Style of preaching. Length of ser-

mons; the hour-glass; subjects. Origin of written

sermons. The administration of the Sacraments.

-The contributions. — Church business, and dis-

mission "before the setting of the sun "

VIII. Mid-week lectures; habits of the people in attending
them.- Lectures of John Cotton and John Norton,

"Milk for Babes."

Religious instruction of the

young. Visiting the sick. - Pastoral work . . . 156

IX. The churches which they founded: the first church at

Plymouth; at Salem; at Boston. - Officers; ordina-

tion; pastor and teacher; ruling elders; deacons.

A minister limited to his parish

X. Mistakes of the Puritan ministers. - Readiness to cor-

rect errors. Changes they adopted in the reading

of the Scriptures; in their religious services; changes

in respect to funerals; changes in the celebration of

marriage; changes from the use of numerals for the

months and days of the week. - Fast Day and

Thanksgiving for Good-Friday and Christmas . . 162

Their progressive spirit. The suffrage limited by a

religious test. - Connecticut Colony without such

a test. The test removed in Massachusetts. —

No religious test at Plymouth. - Case of Roger

Williams: his arrival in the Colony; preaching in

Salem; in Plymouth; in Salem again; denounces

the churches, and the charter; banished by the Gen-

eral Court; real reasons for the sentence; the sen-

tence revoked . .

The persecution of the Quakers a great blot upon the

good name of the Puritans; less severe than in Eng-

land; the good sense of the people arrested it in the

course of a few years. The Quakers punished for

disorder, not for their religion. — The delusion in

respect to witchcraft thirty years later, the worst

thing in their history, but soon over. — Origin of the

delusion in New England; in Old England; in Ger-

many. Part which ministers had in it; the minis-

ters the first to discover the sin and folly of putting

to death those suspected of witchcraft

The government of their churches: independent at

first; the need of fellowship; Synod at Cambridge;

Cambridge Platform; Plan for Ecclesiastical Coun-

cils; their powers; influence of the Platform . . . 177

XIV. The right of private judgment; the spirit of inquiry;

independence of the Puritans

IV.

WILLIAM PYNCHON, GENT.

The leaders among the Puritans: Winthrop, Dudley, Endicott, Sir
Henry Vane, Governor Bradford, Brewster, Winslow.

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I. William Pynchon; less known than the others. — The

Pynchon family came to England with William the

Conqueror; a wealthy and honorable family for six

hundred years. — W. Pynchon came to Massachu-

setts with Governor Winthrop in 1630; member of the

Board of Assistants of the Colony for twenty years;

a man of business; a fur-trader of great wealth;

founder of the first church in Roxbury .

II. Settlement of Springfield: reasons for it; the pioneers

188

III. Pynchon and his company. – Agawam. Plan of the

village. A minister secured. Settlements in

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.

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IV. A new government: Pynchon the magistrate.

Records of his court. A case of witchcraft.

Municipal regulations. Dealings with the Indians.

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V. Mr. Pynchon's book: its subject; protest of the Gen-

eral Court; the book burned; its author summoned

to retract; Mr. Norton appointed to reply to the

book; causes of the commotion

VI. Analysis of the argument; remarkable learning which

it displays; discussion of Hebrew and Greek texts;

quotes Augustine to prove that Christ died a volun-

VII. John Norton of Ipswich; his learned reply. - Mr.

Pynchon's answer to the Court. .

VIII. Pynchon is placed under bonds; retires from Massa-

chusetts and settles in England; defended by Sir

IX. Mr. Pynchon in England: list of his theological

works; incidents of his closing years; death in

Wraysbury near Windsor Castle; result of his the-

ological discussions in New England

THE FAMILY AND SOCIAL LIFE OF THE PURITANS.

Home the creation of the Puritan; reasons why.

I. Illustrations of Puritan life: Mrs. Hutchinson's life

of her husband, Col. Hutchinson; his delicate phy-

sical organization; love of nature, of music, and fine

art; his conjugal affection; his love of the military

art; services during the Civil War; imprisonment

and death. John Milton': tract on Education; love

of beauty; the model Puritan. — A Puritan Mother 222

II. Letters of Governor Winthrop and his wife; his per-

sonal history; Margaret Tyndal, his third wife; letter

from his father; Winthrop's letters; replies from

Mrs. Winthrop; voyage of Mrs. Winthrop to New

England; reception by the people; spirit of all these

III. Numerous Journals of the Pilgrims; and Puritans

IV. Characteristics of their life; influences from the seven-

- teenth century; belief in Witchcraft; cruel punish-

V. The Colony at Plymouth: they were pioneers; rough

life in the new country; struggles for a bare subsist-

ence; danger from the Indians

VI. The Massachusetts Colony; sufferings of the early

years.-Rhode Island.- Connecticut. -New Hamp-

shire. The first wind-mill in Boston. The first

water-mill. Modes of travelling

VII. The Courtship of Miles Standish, a picture of life at

Plymouth in 1624; Priscilla Mullins; Standish; John

Alden; the marriage; the company gathered at the

VIII. Common schools for the people at Plymouth; Massa-
chusetts; Connecticut. - Salaries of the first school-

IX. Legislation as affecting social life. The Blue Laws,
invention of Samuel Peters; sumptuary laws; the

XI.

laws milder than those in New York, or Virginia, or
England; number of capital crimes; laws against
Quakers; soon repealed; juries refuse to convict
of witchcraft after 1692. - Body of Liberties.-
Tendency of Legislation to Democracy

X. Meaning of the prefix Mr., Goodman, Goodwife. A

thief lost the title of Mr.

Dress in the Colonial Period. — The Simple Cobbler
of Agawam complains of extravagance.
prohibit extravagance. - Inventory of the clothing

of Elder Brewster.

Domestic furniture.

throp's furniture.

Inventory of Governor Win-

That of Martha Coytmore . 260

Amusements. The Puritans enjoyed their religion.

- Loved the new country. A hearty social life. -

The first Harvest Festival at Plymouth; not religious.
- Training days. - Judge Sewall's dinner parties.
"Mixt dances and unlawful gaming" of the

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.

. . 262

XIV. Intercourse with the French Catholics.- La Tour and
the learned Friar; entertained by Governor Win-
throp. The Sunday dinner at the Governor's.
The Jesuit Missionary, Druillette. His visit to
the Apostle Eliot; they discourse concerning their
work for the Indians. Governor Bradford pro-
vides a "fish dinner" on Friday for the Jesuit

XV. Results of Puritan training upon the eighth genera-

tion. English families decay after a few genera-

tions. The Puritan type persistent. Ancestors

of Ralph Waldo Emerson; of President Adams;

Hawthorne; Longfellow; James Russell Lowell. —

Members of the New England Historic Genealogical

Society who have died within three years, a majority

of Puritan descent, such as Phillips Brooks, Francis

Parkman, Judge Aldrich, Leverett Saltonstall, Dr.

A. P. Peabody, Dr. A. A. Miner, and Robert C.

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