And point to signs; I read, Für Emigrant en, And just beyond I see an emptying deck. T. G. Appleton. Castle Hill. An eminence in Edinburgh, Scotland, on which stand the Castle of Edinburgh and other buildings of interest. While danderin' cits delight to stray To Castlehill or public way, Where they nae other purpose mean, Than that fool cause o' being seen, Let me to Arthur's Seat pursue, Where bonnie pastures meet the view. R. Fergusson. Castle Howard. The magnificent seat of the Earl of Carlisle, near New Malton, England. Castle Kennedy. An interesting ivy-clad ruin near Stranrear, Scotland. The ancient castle was burned in the seventeenth century. The gardens are celebrated for the beautiful groves of pines, the finest in Scotland. Castle Rising. An ancient English castle supposed to have been built by Alfred the Great (849901). The keep and portions of the walls and embankments remain. Queen Isabella was confined in this castle for the rest of her life, after the death of her husband, King Edward II. Castle Roche. A remarkable ruin in the county of Louth, Ireland, formerly one of the frontier castles of the English Pale. The name is a corruption of Rose Castle. This fortress was destroyed by Oliver Cromwell in 1649. Castle Thunder. A military prison in Richmond, Va., during the war of the Rebellion. Here many Federal prisoners were confined, and subjected to great hardships. The building was simply a warehouse converted to the uses of a jail. Castor and Pollux. 1. Two wellknown marble statues, of colossal size, which stand at the head of the modern ascent to the Capitol in Rome. 2. Two statues which were found in the Baths of Constantine, and now stand in the Piazza di Monte Cavallo. There are of "Nothing which remains Alexandria attests its greatness more than these catacombs. The entrance to them is close to a spot once covered with the habitations and gardens of the town, or suburb of the city, which, from the neighboring tombs, was called the Necropolis. The extent of these catacombs is remarkable; but the principal inducement to visit them is the elegance and symmetry of the architecture in one of the chambers, having a Doric entablature and mouldings, in good Greek taste, which is not to be met with in any other part of Egypt." Murray. Catacombs [of Paris]. One tenth of the city is said to be undermined by quarries out of which building-stone was taken in former times. In 1784, after interment in the Cemetery of the Innocents was given up, vast quantities of bones were removed and deposited in these old quar' ries. In the first part of the present century the bones were arranged in the form of walls, altars and chapels were built of them, and the catacombs have become one of the sights of Paris. From the labyrinthine arrangement of the caverns, and the consequent danger of being lost in them, the catacombs were for many years closed to the public; but they may now be visited at certain times and with proper precautions. Catacombs [of Rome]. The name | Cattle of Brittany. A picture by given to the vast excavations which formed the burial-places of the early Christians. They were begun in the times of the Apostles, and continued to be used for the purpose of interment until the capture of Rome by Alaric in 410. The catacombs were usually named after those who owned the land. Among the more important catacombs in Rome are those of S. Calisto, S. Sebastian, and Sta. Priscilla. Catacombs [of St. Calixtus]. One of the most interesting and most frequently visited of the Roman catacombs. The cemetery is of considerable extent, and comprises several tiers of galleries. In early times it was a favorite resort of pilgrims. It contains some curious paintings and sepulchral inscriptions. Catacombs [of St. Sebastian]. A Catherine Cornaro, The Nobles of "A grandiose composition, which, when displayed in London, was looked upon less as grave history than as phantasmagoria." J. B. Atkinson. Catherine, St. See ST. CATHER INE. Catherine Docks. See ST. KATH- Rosa Bonheur (b. 1822), the celebrated French painter of animals. Caudine Forks. [Lat. Furculæ Caudina.] A famous pass, in the form of two lofty fork-shaped defiles, in the valley of Caudium, in the Apennines, into which a Roman army was enticed by the Samnites, B. C. 321, and, being hemmed in and unable to retreat, Cauter, The. A fine public square was obliged to capitulate. or parade in Ghent, Belgium. Cautionary Towns. The towns of Briel, Flushing, Rammekins, and Walcheren, were held, in 1585, by Queen Elizabeth as security for the payment of troops with which she supplied the Netherlands. These four towns were called the Cautionary Towns; and although only one-third of the sum due on account of the troops was refunded by the Dutch, they were nevertheless delivered to them July 16, 1616, in accordance with a treaty for the purpose signed May 22. Cavallo, Obelisk of the. See OBELISK OF THE MONTE CAVALLO. Cave Canem, House of the. [Also called House of Homer, and House of the Tragic Poet.] A very interesting disinterred private residence at Pompeii, Italy, famous for the beautiful wall-paintings discovered in it. On the threshold of this house was a mosaic representing a chained dog, with the words "Cave Canem (Beware of the Dog), from which the house derives its name. This mosaic is now at Naples. Catherine's House. See ST. CATH- Cave of Adullam. A large cavern ERINE'S HOUSE. Catiline, Conspiracy of. See CON- Cato Street. A street in London, There had been radical meetings in all parts of the kingdom; the bloody scenes at Manchester; the great plot in Cato Street; and, above all, the Queen had returned to England! Irving. at Khureitûn, Syria, traditionally identified with the "cave of Adullam" into which David retreated after his adventure at Gath (1 Sam. xxii. 1). There is no intrinsic improbability in the monastic tradition, and many circumstances favor the conclusion that this may have been the cave. Cave of Jeremiah. This cave near Jerusalem is a very interesting natural curiosity. It is entered by a door cut in the side of a hill; and the whole interior of the hill seems to be occupied by a series of caverns, separated from one another by pillars and screens wholly natural. There are vaulted chapels, crypts, and chambers, in one of which the Latin monks sometimes perform mass. The whole place would be as sombre as the meditations of Jeremiah, were it not relieved by an abundance of graceful weeds. Cave of Machpelah. The burialplace of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, in Hebron. Over it stands a Mohammedan mosque to which Christians cannot under any pretence obtain access. It is regarded as reasonably certain that the cave underlies the venerable Haram, and there is no intrinsic improbability in the supposition that the embalmed remains of the patriarchs may still be lying there, as the excessive sanctity of the place would naturally guard it from pillage and profa nation. Cave of the Nativity. A cave in Bethlehem, which was, according to tradition, the residence of Mary, and the birthplace of Jesus. Over it is a fine church arranged for Greek, Latin, and Armenian worship. One is shown here the silver star in the spot where Jesus was born, the corner where the manger was, and the place where the Magi presented their offerings. Cave of the Winds. A wet cave or grotto at Niagara Falls. It is under the great Centre Fall. The entrance to it is attended with difficulty, but with proper precaution. and the company of the guide, is not necessarily danger ous. that though among them he is not in them. And then as they fall with a continual roar, not hurting the ear, but musical withal, will seem to move as the vast ocean waters may perhaps move in their internal currents. And as he looks on, strange colors will show themselves through the mist; the shades of gray will become green or blue, with ever and anon a flash of white; and then, when some gust of wind blows in with greater violence, the sea-girt cavern will become all dark and black. Oh, my friend, let there be no one there to speak to thee then; no, not even a brother. As you stand there, speak only to the waters." Anthony Trollope. Cave of Trophonius. A dark subterranean cave beneath frowning rocks in a dark ravine near the city of Lebadea, Greece, so called as the place chosen for the seat of the oracle of the Boeotian hero, Trophonius. "This [the cave of Trophonius], according to the most reasonable conjecture, is yet to be discovered within the walls of the modern castle on the top of the hill, where it may exist choked up with rubbish." Murray's Handbook. "The mouth of this cave was three yards high and two wide. Those who consulted the oracle had to fast several days, and then to descend a steep ladder till they reached a narrow gullet. They were then seized by the feet and dragged violently to the bottom of the cave, where they were assailed by the most unearthy noises, howlings, shrieks, bellowings, with lurid lights and sudden glares, in the midst of which uproar and phantasmagoria the oracle was pronounced. The votaries were then seized unexpectedly by the feet, and thrust out of the cave without ceremony. If any resisted, or attempted to enter in any other way, he was Plutarch. instantly murdered." Cave-temples of Elephanta. See ELEPHANTA, CAVE-TEMPLES OF. Caveau. A literary and convivial society founded at Paris in 172935 by Piron, Collé, Gallet, and the younger Crébillon. It was so called from the sort of cabaret or café, called Le Caveau, in the Rue de Bussy, where, about 1735 many men of letters and songwriters were accustomed to meet The society dissolved in 1817, started up again in 1834, and still exists. Recently Caveau has become a general name for societies similar to the original Caveau. "In 1813 there had existed for for many years a réunion of songwriters and literary men, which had taken the name of Caveau, after the Caveau rendered illustrious by Piron, Panard, Collé, Gallet, and the elder and younger Crébillon." Béranger. Au Caveau je n'osais frapper; Des méchants m'avaient su tromper. Béranger. Cavendish Square. This square in London, laid out in 1717, was so called from the wife of Harley, second Earl of Oxford. Caves of Beni Hassan. See BENI HASSAN. Cecilia Metella, Tomb of. See TOMB OF CECILIA METELLA. Cecilia, St. See ST. CECILIA. Cedarcroft. The former residence of Bayard Taylor at Kennett Square, Penn. Cedars of Lebanon. An interesting and venerable group of patriarchal cedar-trees, standing in a completely solitary situation, with no other tree or hardly a bush in sight, upon the central ridge of Lebanon, or Libanus, in Northern Palestine. There are in all in this grove about 350 trees, of which a few only are very ancient. These last are inscribed with the names of many visitors. The place is much resorted to, and annually in August is celebrated the Feast of the Cedars," when multitudes gather in the grove, and pass the time in prayer and in festivity. The cedars of Lebanon are a frequent subject of allusion in the Old Testament writings, were regarded with religious reverence, and furnished to King David some of the most beautiful images in the Psalms. "In ancient days, the grove must have been much more extensive, or rather, perhaps, the great trees then overspread the whole. Now they are huddled together upon two three of the central knolls, and the peculiar grace of the cedar, as we see it in Europe, with its long sweeping or branches feathering down to the ground, is there unknown. In one or two instances the boughs of these aged trees are upheld by a younger tree; others again of the smaller ones whose trunks are decayed, are actually supported in the gigantic arms of their elder brethren." A. P. Stanley. Cemetery Hill. An eminence in Gettysburg, Penn., famous in connection with the great battle of July 3, 1863. The hill was held by the Federal troops, and was the centre of a most violent attack by the rebel army under Gen. Lee. Howard's artillery, massed at this point, aided in the final repulse and overthrow of the insurgent forces. This hill where so many Union soldiers fell has since been consecrated as a great national cemetery. See NATIONAL MONUMENT. Cemetery of the See CAPPUCCINI. Cemetery of San Lorenzo. See SAN LORENZO. Cenacolo. See LAST SUPPER. Cappuccini. Cenci, Beatrice. See BEATRICE CENCI. Cenci Palace. [Ital. Palazzo Cenci. An immense palace in an obscure quarter near the Ghetto, in Rome, famous as the ancient residence of the Cencis, and as the scene of many of the frightful crimes and atrocities connected with that ill-fated family. "The Cenci Palace is of great extent; and though in part modernized, there yet remains a vast and gloomy pile of feudal architecture in the same state as during the dreadful scenes which it once witnessed, ... and from the upper windows you see the immense ruins of Mount Palatine, half hidden under the profuse undergrowth of trees." Shelley. Central Park. A noble pleasureground in New York City, one of the largest and most beautiful parks in the world. It comprises 863 acres, and is in the form of a parallelogram, two and a half miles long, by half a mile in breadth. It is crossed from east to west by four sunken roads which provide for communication between the avenues which bound it on either side. It includes 12 miles of carriage-roads, 9 miles of bridle-paths, and some 25 miles of walks. By a lavish expenditure of money, this tract of land, which in 1856 was a most uninteresting region of ledges and swamps, without natural advantages, has been converted into one of the most delightful public pleasure-grounds of which any city can boast; affording also, by its natural-history collections, instruction as well as recreation to the thousands who visit it. Cerreto Guidi. A famous villa near Empoli, Italy, once belonging to the Medici family. Certosa [di Pavia]. A celebrated Carthusian convent near Pavia, Italy, founded near the close of the fourteenth century, and regarded as the most splendid monastic establishment in Europe. "The Certosa of Pavia leaves upon the mind an impression of bewildering sumptuousness; nowhere else are costly materials so combined with a lavish expenditure of the rarest art. Those who have only once been driven round together with the crew of sight-seers can carry little away but the memory of lapis-lazuli and bronzework, inlaid agates, and labyrinthine sculpture, cloisters tenantless in silence, fair painted faces smiling from dark corners on the senseless crowd. ... All the great sculptor-architects of Lombardy worked in succession on this miracle of beauty, and this may account for the sustained perfection of style. It remains the triumph of North Italian genius. The Certosa is a wilderness of lovely workmanship." J. A. Symonds. Approach, for what we seek is here. Alight, and sparely sup, and wait For rest in this outbuilding near; Then cross the sward, and reach that gate; Knock; pass the wicket! Thou art come To the Carthusians' world-famed home. Matthew Arnold. Certosa of the Val d'Emo. A noted Carthusian convent near Florence, Italy, founded about the middle of the fourteenth century. Cesnola Collection. A fine collection of Egyptian, Phœnician, and Greek antiquities, gathered by Gen. di Cesnola, an Italian noble man, while serving as United States consul in Cyprus. This collection is now preserved in the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York. Cestius. See PYRAMID OF CAIUS CESTIUS. Chace of the Calydonian Boar. A picture by Peter Paul Rubens (1577-1640) regarded as one of his most admirable works in this kind. It is in the Imperial Gallery at Vienna, Austria. Chair of Coronation. See CORONATION CHAIR. Chair of St. Peter. [Lat. Cathedra Petri.] A famous chair of bronze in the Tribune of St. Peter's at Rome, the work of Bernini, enclosing, according to the Church tradition, the identical chair which St. Peter and many of his successors used as their official throne. Peter's chair is shamed Like any vulgar throne the nations lop To pieces for their firewood unreclaimed; And, when it burns too, we shall see as well Chaldean Sages. A picture by Giorgio Barbarelli, commonly called Giorgione (1477-1511), in the Belvidere, Vienna, Austria. Chalk Farm. A former wellknown tea-garden near London, and a place where a number of duels have been fought. "Chalk Farm, by the by, is probably a corruption of Chalcote Farm, the Chalcote estate extending thence to Belsize Lane. There is no chalk in the neighborhood to originate the name.' W. Howitt. Nay, oftener it is Cowardice rather that produces the result: for consider. Is the Chalk-Farm Pistoleer inspired with any reasonable Belief and Determination; or is he hounded on by haggard, indefinable Fear, how he will be cut at public places, and plucked geese of the neighborhood will wag their tongues at him a plucked goose? Carlyle. The Courage that can go forth, once and away, to Chalk-Farm, and have itself shot, and snuffed out, with decency, is nowise wholly what we mean here. Ibid. Challenge, The. A picture by Sir Edwin Landseer (1803-1873), the most celebrated modern painter |