Buckingham Palace. The town residence of the sovereign of England, situated in London, on the west side of St. James's Park. It was built between 1825 and 1837, upon the site of Buckingham House. Queen Victoria took up her residence here July 13, 1837. Buen Retiro. [Pleasant Retreat.] Extensive pleasure-grounds in Madrid, Spain, laid out as a place of retirement for Philip IV., in order to divert his attention from politics. Here were formerly situated a palace and a theatre in which the plays of Lope de Vega were acted. These gardens have been thrown open to the public since the revolution of 1868. Building of Carthage. A wellknown and admired picture by Joseph Mallord William Turner (1775-1851), the English landscapepainter, and regarded one of his best works. Now in the National Gallery, London. "The principal object in the foreground of Turner's Building of Carthage,' is a group of children sailing toy-boats." Ruskin. Bull, The Young. A celebrated picture by Paul Potter (1625–1654), the Dutch painter. It represents a young bull with a cow, reposing, and a sheep and a shepherd, in a landscape. "All these figures are as large as life, and the cattle so extraordinarily true to nature as not only to appear real at a certain distance, but even to keep up the illusion when seen near; the single hairs on the cow's head being seemingly palpable to the touch. The plastic element and the energy of execution are particularly imposing upon so large a scale. There is but one fault, the legs of the bull, and the bent foreleg of the cow, are a little stiff." It is in the Museum of the Hague, Holland. "There cannot be a greater contrast to a very generalized mode of treatment than that displayed in the celebrated picture of The Bull' by Paul Potter, which approaches the nearest to deception of any really fine work of art I have seen. . . . Through Bull of Phalaris. Phalaris, tyrant of Agrigentum, in Sicily, who lived in the sixth century before Christ, is said to have employed an Athenian artist to make for him a brazen bull so constructed as to contain a man, and a small fire by which he would be burned to death. History adds that the artist was the first victim of the punishment he had himself invented. Phalaris subjected his enemies and many citizens of Agrigentum to this punishment, but finally the people revolting caused him to be destroyed by the same means. Lettres de cachet, that masterpiece of ingenious tyranny, are more dangerous to men than the brazen bull, that infernal invention of Phalaris, because they unite to the most odious uniformity an imposing appearance of justice. Mirabeau. Bunhill Fields. A burial-ground in London, and the place of interment of several eminent men. It was opened as a suburban place for burial in 1665, and was closed in 1850. According to Southey, Bunhill-Fields' burial-ground is the Campo Santo of the Dissenters. It was one of the chief places for burial in the time of the Great Plague. John Bunyan, Daniel DeFoe, Isaac Watts, and Nathaniel Lardner were buried here. Its original name of "Bonehill Fields" is supposed to have arisen from its having been made a place of deposit for more than 1,000 cart-loads of human bones removed from the charnel-house of St. Paul's. He [Milton] used also to sit in a gray, coarse cloth coat, at the door of his house in Bunhill Fields, in warm sunny weather, to enjoy the fresh air; and so, as well as in his room, received the visits of people of distinguished parts as well as quality. J. Richardson. And when the prowling man-thief came hunting for his prey Beneath the very shadow of Bunker's shaft of gray, How, through the free lips of the son, the father's warning spoke; How, from its bond of trade and sect, the Pilgrim city broke! Whittier. Bunker Hill. See BATTLE OF Burghley House. The fine ElizaBUNKER HILL. Bunker Hill Monument. A lofty obelisk of Quincy granite, on what is now called Bunker Hill, formerly Breed's Hill, in Charlestown (now a part of Boston), Mass. It is erected upon the site of the battle between the British and American forces which took place June 17, 1775. The monument is 221 feet in height, and is a conspicuous object from all points. The corner-stone was laid in 1825 by Gen. La Fayette. It was finished in 1842, when an oration was delivered by Daniel Webster. "We wish that whosoever, in all coming time, shall turn his eye hither, may behold that the place is not undistinguished where the first great battle of the Revolution was fought. We wish that this column, rising towards heaven among the pointed spires of so many temples dedicated to God, may contribute also to produce, in all minds, a pious feeling of dependence and gratitude. We wish, finally, that the last object to the sight of him who leaves his native shore, and the first to gladden his who revisits it, may be something which shall remind him of the liberty and the glory of his country. Let it rise! let it rise, till it meet the sun in his coming; let the earliest light of the morning gild it, and the parting day linger and play on its summit." Daniel Webster. [Address on Laying the Corner-Stone of the Bunker Hill Monument, 1825.] There is a stone now standing in very good order that was as old as a monument of Louis XIV. and Queen Anne's day is now when Joseph went down into Egypt. Think of the shatt on Bunker Hill standing in the sunshine on the morning of January 1st, in the year 5872! It won't be standing, the Master said. We are poor bunglers compared to those old Egyptians. Holmes. I have seen Taglioni,- he answered. She used to take her steps rather prettily. I have seen the woman that danced the cap-stone on to Bunker Hill Monument, as Orpheus moved the rocks by music, the Elssler woman, Fanny Elssler. Holmes. bethan manorial mansion erected by the Lord Treasurer Burleigh, now the seat of the Marquis of Exeter. It is situated on the borders of the two counties of Lincoln and Northampton, England. The interior is very magnificent, and the building has many historical and legendary associations connected with it. Weeping, weeping, late and early, Burgomaster Meier Madonna. See MADONNA OF THE BURGOMASTER MEYER. Burgoyne, Surrender of. See SURRENDER OF BURGOYNE. A double Burlington Arcade. row of shops in London, built in 1819 for Lord George Cavendish, and, according to Leigh Hunt, famous for "small shops and tall beadles." When I first descended into the cabin of the New York, it looked, in my unaccustomed eyes, about as long as the BurDickens. lington Arcade. Burlington House. A mansion in Piccadilly, London, originally built for the second Earl of Burlington. It is celebrated as having been the rendezvous of the leading artists, poets, and philosophers of the last century. Handel resided here for a time. In 1854 it was purchased by the British government, and is now occupied by the Royal Society and other literary and scientific institutions. Burlington's fair palace still remains Beauty within without, proportion reigns; Beneath his eye declining art revives, The wall with animated pictures lives. There Handel strikes the strings, the melting strain Transports the soul, and thrills through Burnet House. A noble mansion in London, in which lived the celebrated Bishop of Salisbury (1643-1715). It was taken down a few years ago. Burning Bush. THE BURNING BUSH. Burns's Cottage. A small house about two miles from the town of Ayr, in Scotland, where, on the 25th of January, 1759, Robert Burns, the poet, was born. The original building, which was nothing more than a clay bigging," was rebuilt by the poet's father. The cottage is now converted into a public-house. 66 in it, and it contains some fine statues. Bushy Park. A well-known royal park near Twickenham, England. See MOSES AND Busrah. A noble fortress in Syria, once a great stronghold, but now abandoned, or occupied only by roving bands of Arabs. It contains within its enclosure a great theatre, portions of which are still perfect, and which dates without doubt from Roman times. Button's. A sort of successor to Will's coffee-house, and the great place of resort for the wits in London after the death of Dryden. Button's was in Russell Street, on the side opposite to Will's. Addison (who was the chief patron), Steele, Pope, Swift, Arbuthnot, Garth, and others frequented Button's. Here was a letter-box, with its opening in the form of a lion's head, into which were put contributions for the "Guardian." Button's declined after Addison's death and Steele's retirement from London. See WILL'S. Burns's Monument. 1. A memo rial structure in honor of the poet Burns (1759-1796), erected in 1820 near the town of Ayr, in Scotland. It is in the form of a circular temple, surrounded by nine Corinthian pillars, symbolical of the nine Muses. Within are preserved some relics of the poet. 2. A memorial in honor of the poet, erected in 1830, in Edinburgh. The cupola is designed after the monument of Lysicrates at Athens. Burying Hill. A hill in Plymouth, Mass., where many of the Pilgrims were buried. On this hill, which commands a fine view of the harbors of Plymouth and Duxbury and the adjacent country, a fortified church was built in 1622 with six cannon on its flat roof. Bushnell Park. A beautiful pleasure-ground in Hartford, Conn. The new State Capitol is situated On Sunday morning, died, after three days' illness. Mr Button, who formerly kept Button's Coffee-house, in Russell Street, Covent Garden; a very noted house for wits, being the place where the Lyon produced the famous Tatlers and Spectators. Daily Advertiser (1731). Addison usually studied all the morning, then met his party at Button's, dined there, and stayd five or six hours; and sometimes far into the night. Pope, Spence's Anecdotes. Ca' Doro. C. One of the most beautiful palaces in Venice, Italy. It was built in the fifteenth century, and is so named after its ancient owners, the Doro family. Caaba. A Mohammedan temple at Mecca, Arabia. It contains a small oratory within which is a black stone held sacred_by_all Mussulmans. [Written also Kaabah.] See BLACK STONE. "Neither its ordonnance, nor, so far as we can understand, its details, render the temple an object of much architectural magnificence. Even in size it is surpassed by many, and is less than its great rival, the great temple of Jerusalem, which was 600 feet square. Still it is interesting, as it is in reality the one temple of the Moslem world; for though many mosques are now reputed sacred, and as such studiously guarded against profanation, this pretended sanctity is evidently a prejudice borrowed from other religions, and is no part of the doctrine of the Moslem faith, which, like the Jewish, points to one only temple as the place where the people should worship, and towards which they should turn in prayer." Fergusson. "The celebrated Kaabah at Mecca, to which all the Moslem world now bow in prayer, is probably a third [fire-temple of the ancient Persians]." Fergusson. "A curious object, that Caabah! There it stands at this hour, in the black cloth-covering the Sultan sends it yearly; 27 cubits high;' with circuit, with double circuit of pillars, with fes toon-rows of lamps and quaint ornaments: the lamps will be lighted again this night, to glitter again under the stars. An authentic fragment of the oldest Past. It is the Keblah of all Moslem: from Delhi all onwards to Morocco, the eyes of innumerable pray. ing men are turned towards it, five times, this day and all days: one of the notablest centres in the Habitation of Men. Carlyle. To the traveller imbued with a feeling for the historical and poetical, so inseparably intertwined in the annals of romantic Spain, the Alhambra is as much an object of devotion as is the Caaba to all true Moslems. Irving. Cadzow Castle. A ruined baronial mansion in Scotland, near Hamilton, and the ancient seat of the family of that name. Sir Walter Scott has a ballad entitled "Cadzow Castle." Caerlaverock Castle. An ancient and noted feudal fortress near Dumfries, Scotland, the former seat of the Maxwells, celebrated for its siege by King Edward I. of England, and for the brave resistance made by its garrison. This castle suggested to Scott his description of Ellengowan. Cæsar. See CLEOPATRA AND CESAR, DEATH OF JULIUS CÆSAR, TRIUMPHS OF JULIUS CÆSAR. Cæsar Borgia. A portrait often ascribed to Raphael, and said to be the likeness of the Prince, in the Borghese gallery at Rome. It is now ascertained to be neither the work of the one nor the portrait of the other. Cæsars, Palace of the. See PAL ACE OF THE CÆSARS. Cæsar's Tower. A remarkable keep of immense size and impressive effect, at Kenilworth Castle, of which it forms a part. See KENILWORTH CASTLE. Café (Caffè) Grecco. [The Greek Café.] A well-known café at Rome, in the Via Condotti, famous as the rendezvous of artists of all nations. "In the morning we breakfast at the café Greco; this is a long, low, smoky apartment, not brilliant or attractive, but convenient: it appears to be like the rest throughout Italy." Taine, Trans. Caffegiolo. A royal villa, the ancient residence of the Medicis, about 15 miles from Florence, | Caledonian Forest. A remnant Italy. Cagliari, The. A Sardinian steamer trading between Genoa and Tunis. She was seized by some Sicilian adventurers in June, 1857, who with her effected a landing on the territory of Naples. Afterwards the vessel was surrendered to the Neapolitans, who imprisoned with the crew two English engineers who were on board. The affair became a matter of diplomatic correspondence between England and Naples. Caiaphas' Palace. This name is applied to a building, now a convent, on Zion, which seems to have been built by the Armenians. The credulous see here the stone which closed the Saviour's sepulchre, the spot where Peter was standing when he denied his Master, and even the very stone upon which the cock roosted when he crew. Caius Cestius, Pyramid of. See PYRAMID OF CAIUS CESTIUS. Caius College. A foundation of the University of Cambridge, England. The college was instituted in 1348. Calais Pier. A noted picture by Joseph Mallord William Turner (1775-1851). In the National Gallery, London. Calaveras Pines. A celebrated grove of mammoth pine-trees (Sequoia gigantea) in Calaveras County, California. Some of these are about 320 feet high and 30 feet in diameter. A similar grove, likewise much visited by tourists, is found in Mariposa County. These trees are believed to be over 2,300 years of age. By an act of Congress this grove was granted to the State of California on condition that it should be kept as a public domain. grant was accepted, and the locality is now under the charge of commissioners. The Caledonia, The. An armor-plated ship of the British navy, launched Oct. 24, 1862. of the ancient wood which once, under the name of the Caledonian Forest, covered the whole of southern Scotland, from sea to sea, still exists on the bank of the Avon near Hamilton. A few large oaks are all that is now left. California. A statue by Hiram Powers (1805-1873). California Street. One of the principal streets in San Francisco, Cal., in which the chief banking offices are situated. Caligula. A noted bronze bust of the Roman emperor Caligula, now in Turin, Italy. [Called also the Albertina Bronze.] "One of the most precious portraits of antiquity, not only because it confirms the testimony of the green basalt in the Vatican, but also because it supplies an even more emphatic and impressive illustration to the narrative of Suetonius." J. A. Symonds. Caligula's Palace and Bridge. A picture by Joseph Mallord William Turner (1775-1851), the English landscape-painter, and regarded one of his best works. In the National Gallery, London. Calisto. See DIANA AND CALISTO. Calixtus, St. See CATACOMB OF ST. CALIXTUS. Calling of St. Peter. See MIRACULOUS DRAUGHT OF FISHES. Calling of the Apostles. A frescopainting by Domenico Ghirlandajo (1449-1498 ?). In the Sistine Chapel, Rome. Callirrhöe. The fountain — and according to Pausanias the only one - which supplied sweet running water to Athens, Greece. Also known as Enneacrunus, from the nine pipes in which the water was conveyed. A small spring still called kaλλippón now issues from a ridge of rock crossing the bed of the Ilissus. Calton Hill. A well-known eminence in Edinburgh, Scotland, crowned with monuments. Calvary. A rock so called, now within the Church of the Sepulchre, at Jerusalem. The Saviour |