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Wotton House. A mansion in Surrey, England, once the residence of John Evelyn. It was built in the age of Elizabeth. John Evelyn describes the house as large and ancient, suitable to those hospitable times, and so sweetly environed with delicious streams and venerable woods. It has rising grounds, meadows, woods, and water in abundance." Wounded Gladiator. A famous relic of ancient sculpture. Now in the Museum at Naples. See BORGHESE GLADIATOR and DYING GLADIATOR.

Wrestlers, The. [Ital. I Lottatori.] An ancient statue, now in the Tribune of the Uffizi Palace, Florence, Italy.

"In the famous group of the Wrestlers, the flexibility of the intwined limbs, the force of the muscles, and the life and action of the figures are wonderful; . their fixed, im

...

movable countenances have no marks even of that corporeal exertion, much less of that eager animation and passion, which men struggling with each other in the heat of contest would naturally feel." Eaton.

Wyandotte Cave. A noted cavern in Crawford County, Indiana, thought to be not much inferior in interest to the famous Mammoth Cave in Kentucky. It has been explored over 20 miles.

Wych Street. A London street, famous for the exploits of Jack Sheppard.

Wyndham Club. A club in London, so called from William Wyndham, a former occupant of the house, founded by Lord Nugent, "to secure a convenient and agreeable place of meeting for a society of gentlemen, all connected with each other by a common bond of literary or personal acquaintance."

Xanthian Marbles. See LYCIAN GALLERY.

X.

Xerxes, Hall of. A magnificent ruin in ancient Persepolis, regarded the finest building of which any remains exist in that part of the world.

"Presuming this structure to have been sculptured and painted as richly as others of its age and class, which it no doubt was, it must have been not only one of the largest, but one of the most splendid, buildings of antiquity. In plan it was a rectangle of about 300 feet by 350, and consequently covered 105,000 square feet; it was thus larger than the hypostyle hall at Karnac, or any of the largest

temples of Greece or Rome. It is larger, too, than any mediæval cathedral except that of Milan; and although it has neither the stone roof of a cathedral, nor the massiveness of an Egyptian building, still its size and propor tions, combined with the lightness of its architecture, and the beauty of its decorations, must have made it one of the most beautiful buildings ever erected. Both in design and proportion, it far surpassed those of Assyria, and though possessing much of detail or of ornament that was almost identical, its arrangements and proportions were so superior in every respect that no similar building in Nineveh can be compared with this-the great architec tural creation of the Persian Empire." Fergusson.

Yale College. An institution of learning in New Haven, Conn., chartered in 1701, and holding rank among the first colleges in the country. It includes the various departments of law, divinity, medicine, and art, which constitute a university.

Yardley Oak. A venerable oak in the parish of Yardley, England.

This sole survivor of a race

Of giant oaks, where once the wood
Rang with the battle or the chase,

In stern and lonely grandeur stood.
From age to age it slowly spread
Its gradual boughs to sun and wind;
From age to age its noble head

As slowly withered and declined.
James Montgomery.

Yellow Tower. The ruin of an
ancient abbey-church in Trim,
Meath County, Ireland.
Yellowstone. See GRAND CAÑON
OF THE YELLOWSTONE.

Yes, or No? A picture by John Everett Millais (b. 1829).

York, the finest structure of its kind in England. It was mostly built in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. Its extreme length is 486 feet, length of transept 223 feet. It has a magnificent west front, flanked by two towers, 196 feet in height.

"Owing to the great width attempted for the nave, York has not the usual perfection of length affected by other English cathedrals, and loses in effect accordingly. Its great peculiarity is the simplicity and squareness of its plan." Fergusson.

In the history of art, it is a long way from a cromlech to York minster; yet all the intermediate steps may still be traced Emerson. in this all-preserving island.

If there were a building on it [the moon] as big as York minster, as big as the Boston Coliseum, the great telescopes like Lord Rosse's would make it out.

Holmes.

Open your gates, ye everlasting piles! Types of the spiritual church which God hath reared,

Thou, stately York! and ye, whose splendors cheer

Isis and Cam, to patient science dear! Wordsworth.

York House. A former palace of London, so called from the Archbishops of York. Here Lord Bacon was born in 1560. York House was finally sold and removed. Its" Watergate" on the Thames still remains.

"There was a costly magnifi. cence in the fêtes at York House, the residence of Buckingham, of which few but curious researchers are aware: they eclipsed the splendors of the French Court." Isaac Disraeli. York Minster. A noble church at

the palace of Whitehall, in London, was formerly known, from the circumstance that the Archbishops of York resided there when in town. The last Archbishop of York who lived there was Cardinal Wolsey; and on his fall, in 1529, the name was changed to White Hall.

You must no more call it York-Place, that is past;

For since the Cardinal fell, that title's lost:

"Tis now the king's, and called Whitehall. Shakespeare. Yosemite Valley. 1. A picture by Albert Bierstadt (b. ̄_1829). Now in possession of Mr. James Lenox.

2. A picture by Thomas Hill (b. 1829).

Young Bull. See BULL, THE YOUNG.

Young Courtesan.

A picture by Xavier Sigalon (1788-1837), well known by engravings. In the Louvre, Paris.

Yuste. A monastic edifice near Plasencia in the province of Estremadura, Spain, celebrated as the place of retirement of the Emperor Charles V. on his abdication of the throne in 1556. It was the property of the Jeronymite monks, and derives its name from the little stream, the Yuste, which flows beneath it. It was

founded in 1404. The convent and the surrounding estate now belongs to the Duke of Montpensier. It is now in ruins.

So Charles the emperor, whose mighty reign

The globe itself scarce held within its bound,

At Yuste, a fair abbey of our Spain,
A lowly home and quiet haven found.
Luis Capata, Trans.

In Saint Just the silent bowers
Hear a drowsy funeral lay:
Bells are humming from the towers
For the monk who died to-day.

Graf von Auersperg, Trans.

Zaccaria, St. See ST. ZACCARIA. Zamek. A royal castle at Cracow, the ancient capital of Poland, built in the fourteenth century, but mainly rebuilt in 1610.

Zealous, The. An armor-plated ship of the British navy, launched March 7, 1864.

Zechariah's Tomb. A rock-cut tomb near Jerusalem, adorned with Ionic pillars and square piers, and surmounted with a pyramidal roof.

"Perhaps this building should properly be called a cenotaph, as it is perfectly solid, and no cave or sepulchral vault has been found beneath it; though, judging from analogies, one might yet be found, if properly looked for." Fergusson.

Zemzem. A holy spring in Mecca, Arabia. It is said to have gushed out on this spot to the succor of Ishmael and his mother when perishing of thirst. It is carefully enclosed and joined with the tower of the Kaabah by a railing.

"The Well Zemzem has its name from the bubbling sound of the waters, zem-zem: they think it is the well which Hagar found with her little Ishmael in the wilderness: the aërolite and it have been sacred now, and had a Caabah over them, for thousands of years." Carlyle. Zeno Chapel. A chapel in St. Mark's Church, Venice, Italy, built by Cardinal Zeno in the early part of the sixteenth century.

Zenobia. A statue by Harriet Hosmer (b. 1831).

beautiful picture of the Madonna and Child by Antonio Allegri, surnamed Correggio (1494-1534), representing the Virgin with an Oriental turban (hence the name). This picture is now in the Museum at Naples. There is another upon the same subject bearing this name at Parma, Italy. See REPOSE IN EGYPT.

The painter's wife, whom he married in 1520, is supposed to have been his model for La Zingarella. This picture is also called Madonna del Coniglio from the rabbit (coniglio) which appears in the foreground.

Zion. See MOUNT ZION. Zocodover. The principal square and fashionable promenade of Toledo, Spain.

Zodiac of Denderah. A celebrated astronomical drawing upon the ceiling of the portico of the Temple of Denderah in Egypt. It was formerly supposed to be of the age of the early Pharaohs, but is now referred to the time of the Ptolemies.

Zoölogical Gardens. An enclosure contiguous to Regent's Park, London, belonging to the Zoölogical Society, and containing a large and rare collection of animals. The Gardens were first opened to the public in 1828, and the menagerie is now the finest public bivarium in Europe.

In the Zoological Gardens, I saw a baboon who always got into a furious rage when his keeper took out a letter or book. C. Darwin.

Zuccone, Lo. [The Bald Head.] A bronze statue of David by Donatello (1383-1466). In the Uffizi, Florence, Italy.

Zwinger, The. A public building in Dresden, Saxony. It contains a valuable collection of works of art and scientific treasures. The word is a general name for a prison or any confined place.