from the fact that it was mounted upon a rampart which had been erected upon piles driven into the deep mud of the swampy land surrounding the fortification.

Swan Theatre. One of the chief London theatres in the age of Shakespeare.

Swedes' Church. See OLD SWEDES' CHURCH.

Sweetheart Abbey. See NEW ABBEY.

Sweno's Stone. A curious monument of antiquity near Forres, in

Scotland, supposed to have been erected by Malcolm II. or Macbeth, in memory of the expulsion of the Danes. It is a pillar of sandstone, 23 feet high, covered with figures.

"These figures are arranged closely in five divisions, forming, as it were, so many passages of the story." Muir. Symonds Inn. Formerly one of the inns of Chancery in London.

"A little, pale, wall-eyed, woe. begone inn like a large dust-bin of two compartments and a sifter." Dickens. Synodalni Dom. See HOLY SYNOD, HOUSE OF THE.

Tabard, The. An ancient inn formerly situated in Southwark, London, the traditional "hostelry where Chaucer and the other pilgrims met, and, with their host, accorded about the manner of their journey to Canterbury." The buildings of Chaucer's time have disappeared, but were standing in 1602; the oldest now remaining is of the age of Elizabeth, and the most interesting portion is a stone-colored wooden gallery, in front of which is a picture of the Canterbury pilgrimage, said to have been painted by Blake. Instead of the ancient sign of the Tabard, the ignorant landlord (says Aubrey) put up about the year 1676, the sign of Talbot, which it now bears.

Befell that in that season, on a day
At Southwark at the Tubard as I lay,
Readie to wander on my pilgrimage
To Canterbury with devout courage,
At night was come into that hostelrie
Well nine and twenty in a companie
Of sundrie folke, by adventure yfall
In fellowship, and pilgrims were they all,
That toward Canterbury woulden ride.

Chaucer.

The name of Chaucer is not more identified with the Tabard Inn at Southwark, nor Scott's with the Trosachs and Loch Katrine,... than that of Byron with the Ducal Palace. Hillard.

Tabernacle, The. A frequent designation for the chapels or places of worship of some of the religious sects. The original building which has given its name to succeeding structures of the kind was built in Moorfields, London, in 1752, and was SO called in allusion to the tabernacle of the Israelites in the Wilderness. Whitefield and Wesley both preached in this building. The building known as the Metropolitan Tabernacle, in London, was built for Mr. Spurgeon in 1861, and is capable of seating 6,500 persons.

Tabernacle, The. An immense

wooden building in Salt Lake City, Utah Territory, the chief religious edifice or temple of Mormon worship. Though built of wood it has 46 sandstone pillars upon which rests its huge domeshaped roof. The building is oval in form, and will accommodate nearly or quite 10,000 persons. It is said to be the largest building in America with a "selfsupporting roof."

Table Rock.

A mass of rock at Niagara Falls, from which the finest front view of the entire falls is obtained. Formerly this rock overhung the water to a large extent, but in 1850 a huge piece of the ledge, some 200 feet in length and 100 feet in thickness broke off and fell into the chasm, carrying with it an omnibus which happened to be standing upon it. At present but little of the rock projects over the water.

"You may stand by the water just where it falls off, and if your head does not swim you may proceed to the brink of Table Rock, and look down into the gulf beneath. This is all froth and foam and spray; as you stand here it looks as if all the water of the globe was collected around this circle, and pouring down here into the centre of the earth. . . . There the grand spectacle has stood for centuries, from the beginning of the creation, as far as we know, without change. From the beginning it has shaken as it now does the earth and the air, and its unvarying thunder existed before there were human ears to hear it." Daniel Webster.

"It was not until I came on Table Rock and looked - Great Heaven -on what a fall of bright green water, that it came upon me in its might and majesty. Then when I felt how near to my Creator I was standing, the first effect and the enduring one-instant and lasting of the tremendous spectacle was Peace. Niagara was at once stamped upon my heart, an Image of Beauty to remain there changeless and

indelible until its pulses cease to beat forever." Dickens.

Close to the cataract, exactly at the spot from whence in former days the Table Rock used to project from the land over the boiling caldron below, there is now a shaft down which you will descend to the level of the river. Anthony Trollope.

Tablet of Abydos. 1. An historical monument giving a genealogy of the early Egyptian kings. It was discovered at Abydos, in Upper Egypt, in 1818. Now in the British Museum, London.

2. A monument of historical importance discovered in 1865 in the Temple of Sethi I., at Abydus, Egypt, is conjectured by M. Mairette to be the original of the one now in the British Museum. It contains a list of 76 kings from Menes to Sethi I.

Tablet of Sakkárah.

A famous

monument found at Sakkáralı, now preserved in the Museum of Egyptian Antiquities at Cairo, Egypt. This tablet, which has been of much use in the solution of the problem of the dynasties of Egypt, has inscribed upon it the names of 58 kings which correspond with those in the list of Manetho.

Tabularium.

An ancient ruin in Rome, of which only a few remains are now standing, once the public Record Office, where the tubula, or engraved decrees, of the Roman Senate were preserved.

"After his lecture was over this morning, Mr. Bunsen took us into the Tabularium, and explained it to us in a very interesting manner. It has been fully explored, only within a few years, and is now one of the grandest monuments of ancient Rome."

George Ticknor. Taj Mahal. A renowned monument-justly considered one of the wonders of the world at Agra in Hindostan. Its cost is estimated at $16,000,000.

-

"The distant view of this matchless edifice satisfied me that its fame is well deserved. So pure, so gloriously perfect, did it appear, that I almost feared to approach it lest the charm should be broken. It is a work inspired by love and consecrated to

Beauty. Shah Jehan - the 'Selim' of Moore's poem -erected it as a mausoleum over his queen Noor Jehan. . . . Few persons of the thousands who sigh over the pages of Lalla Rookh are aware that the Light of the Harem' was a real personage, and that her tomb is one of the wonders of the world.... A building which has no counterpart in Europe, or even in the East.... The remains of Moorish art in Spain approach nearest to its spirit, but are only the scattered limbs, the torso, of which the Taj is the perfect type. If there were nothing else in India, this alone would repay the journey.... It is an octagonal building of the purest white marble, little inferior to that of Carrara. Every part

- even the basement, the dome, and the upper galleries of the minarets -is inlaid with ornamental designs in marble of different colors, principally a pale brown and a bluish-violet variety. The building is perfect in every part. . . . The dome of the Taj contains an echo more sweet, pure, and prolonged than that in the Baptistery of Pisa, which is the finest in Europe. The Taj is, as I have said, a poem. Did you ever build a castle in the air? Here is one brought down to earth and fixed for the wonder of ages; yet so light it seems, so airy, and when seen from a distance, so like a fabric of mist and sunbeams, with its great dome soaring up, a silvery bubble about to burst in the sun, that even after you have touched it, and climbed to its summit, you almost doubt its reality." Bayard Taylor.

Tak Kesra. A well-known and important ruin on the site of the ancient Ctesiphon in Mesopotamia.

"It was apparently originally erected as a hunting-box on the edge of the desert for the use of the Persian king, and preserves all the features we are familiar with in Sassanian palaces. It is wholly of brick, and contains in the centre a tri-apsal hall, once surmounted by a dome."

Fergusson. Tancarville. A mediæval stronghold on the banks of the Seine below Rouen. It was pillaged at the time of the Revolution, but has now reverted to the descendants of its original owners, the Montmorencys.

Tantallon Castle. An ancient and ruined baronial fortress, of unknown age, occupying a high

rock which projects into the German Ocean, near Berwick in Scotland.

But scant three miles the band had rode,
When o'er a height they passed;
And, sudden, close before them showed
His towers, Tantallon vast.

The train from out the castle drew;
But Marmion stopped to bid adieu:-
"Though something I might plain," he
said,

"Of cold respect to stranger guest, Sent hither by your king's behest,

While in Tantallon's towers I staid,Part we in friendship from your land." Sir Walter Scott.

A

Tapestries [of the Vatican]. series of ornamental hangings, after designs by Raphael Sanzio (1483-1520), wrought at Arras in Flanders, first hung in the Sistine Chapel on St. Stephen's day, 26th of December, 1519. They were afterwards carried off to France, but subsequently restored, and are now, it is supposed, hanging in a dilapidated condition, in the upper rooms of the Vatican. One of them, at least, has long been lost. Besides the series of tapestries in the Sistine, another series, twelve in number, of which the cartoons are lost, are still preserved in the Vatican. They known "Arazzi della Scuola Nuova," the others being called "Arazzi della Scuola Vecchia.”

are

as

"The tapestries are the only work of Raphael which does not seem insignificant after seeing Michael Angelo's ceiling in the Sistine Chapel." Goethe, Trans. Tapestry Weavers, The. [Hilanderas.] A noted picture by Diego Rodriguez de Silva y Velasquez (1599-1660), of which Mengs said that it seemed to be painted rather by the mind than the hand. In the Gallery at Madrid, Spain.

Tappan Zee. An expansion of the Hudson River beginning at Dobbs's Ferry. It is about ten miles long and from two to five miles in breadth.

He was never seen afterwards, but may be heard plying his oars, as above mentioned, being the Flying Dutchman of the Tappan Sea, doomed to ply between Kakiat and Spiting Devil until the day of judgment. Washington Irving.

Tara Hill. An eminence in the parish of Tara, in Leinster, Ireland, formerly the seat of the Irish kings, and from which the famous coronation stone was brought to Scotland. See STONE OF SCONE.

According to Cambrensis, there is "in Mieth, an hill, called the Hill of Taragh, wherein is a plaine twelve score long, which was named the Kempe his hall; where the countrie had their meetings and folkmotes, as a place that was accounted the high palace of the monarch. The Irish historians hammer manie tales in this forge, of Fin Mac Coile and his champions. But doubtlesse seemeth to beare the shew of an ancient and famous monument."

The harp that once through Tara's halls. Moore.

Tarpeian Rock. [Lat. Tarpeius mons, Ital. Monte Tarpeia.] A rocky eminence or cliff on the southern summit of the Capitoline Hill in Rome, from which criminals sentenced to death were frequently thrown. It was so named to commemorate the treachery of Tarpeia, who, during the war with the Sabines, in the early period of Roman history, longing for the golden bracelets of the enemy and allured by the promise of receiving that which they wore upon their arms, opened the fortress to the Sabines, and was rewarded by being crushed by their shields which they threw upon her in passing.

"The Tarpeian rock is on the southern side of the Capitoline Hill. The soil has gathered round the base in considerable quantities, so that the formidable impressions conveyed by Roman writers are not confirmed by the sight. But a very respectable precipice may still be seen, and a traitor who should now leap from the top would probably be as harmless ever after as Clodius or Catiline." Hillard. The tribune with unwilling steps withdrew,

While impious hands the rude assault re

Thou hast the whole Universe against thee. No more success: mere sham-suc

cess, for a day and days; rising ever higher,- towards its Tarpeian Rock. Carlyle.

On the 23d May, 1618, the delegates of the Protestants of Bohemia cast from the windows of the royal castle of Prague two Catholic members of the Council of Regency. They pretended it was an old custom of the country, and that like the Romans they precipitated traitors from the top of this Tarpeian Rock.

Henri Martin. -where the steep Tarpeian? fittest goal of Treason's race, The promontory whence the Traitor's Leap

Cured all ambition.

Byron.

Tassoni's Bucket. See SECCHIA RAPITA.

I liked the town [Modena] as I drove in; and, after sleeping an hour or two, I went out in search of Tassoni's Bucket."

N. P Willis.

Tasso's Prison. A cell in the Hospital of S. Anna in Ferrara, Italy, pointed out as the prison in which the poet Tasso was confined by the Duke of Ferrara.

And Tasso is their glory and their shame. Hark to his strain! and then survey his cell!

And see how dearly earned Torquato's fame,

Tattersall's.

And where Alfonso bade his poet dwell. Byron. A celebrated sporting rendezvous and auction-mart for horses in London, established by Richard Tattersall in 1766. The betting throughout the country is governed by the betting at Tattersall's.

On the Proposal for a Cast-metal King: gradually a light kindled in our Professor's eyes and face, a beaming, mantling, loveliest light; through those murky features, a radiant, ever-young Apollo looked; and he burst forth like the neighing of all Tattersall's, - tears streaming down his cheeks, pipe held aloft, foot clutched into the air,-loud, long-continuing, uncontrollable. Carlyle.

And they look at one another with the seriousness of men prepared to die in their opinion, the authentic seriousness of men betting at Tattersall's, or about to receive judgment in Chancery. Carlyle. The seat of Taymouth Castle.

the Marquis of Breadalbane near Kenmore, Scotland.

Tazza Farnese. [The Farnese Cup.] A celebrated onyx cup, a relic of ancient art, highly ornamented with figures in relief. Now in the Museum at Naples, Italy.

Te, Palazzo del. A noble palace in Mantua, Italy.

"Giulio Romano's masterpiece." J. A. Symonds.

Tebaldeo. A portrait by Sebastian del Piombo (1485-1547). In the Scarpa collection at La Motta, Italy.

Tecumseh, The. A noted ironclad vessel of the United States navy in the Civil War in 1861-65. She was one of Admiral Farragut's fleet in the attack upon the defences of Mobile, Ala., Aug. 5, 1864. She was suddenly destroyed by the explosion of a torpedo.

"The Tecumseh was about 300 yards ahead of the Brooklyn when she was suddenly uplifted, and almost as suddenly disappeared beneath the waters, carrying down with her Capt.Craven and nearly all his officers and crew. Only 17 of 130 were saved. The Tecumseh had struck a percussiontorpedo, which exploded directly under her turret, making a fearful chasm, into which the water rushed in such volume that she sunk in a few seconds."

Lossing. Telegraph Hill. An eminence at the northern extremity of San Francisco, Cal., commanding a fine view.

Tell's Chapel. 1. A building situated on a ledge of rock on the slope of the Axenfluh, washed by the waters of the Lake of Uri, Switzerland. It is a small chapel built in memory of William Tell (b. thirteenth century), and on the very spot where he sprang out of Gessler's boat, as he was being carried away a prisoner. The chapel was rebuilt in 1879, in