Iberian Madonna. The name given to a miraculous picture of the Virgin and Child, placed in a niche lighted with silver lamps, in the Kremlin at Moscow, Russia. The picture was originally brought from Mt. Athos. "For the last 200 years, the protectress of the Muscovites. Her aid is invoked by high and low, in all the circumstances of life; and I doubt whether any other shrine in the world is the witness of such general and so much real devotion." Bayard Taylor. The Ice Palace. The Empress Anne of Russia, who reigned from 1730 to 1740, took into her head a "most magnificent and mighty freak." One of her nobles, Prince Galitzin, having changed his religion, was punished by being made a court page and buffoon. His wife being dead, the empress required him to marry again, agreeing to defray the expense of the wedding herself. prince, true to his new character, selected a girl of low birth. This was in the winter of 1739-40, which was one of extraordinary severity. By her majesty's command, a house was built entirely of ice. It consisted of two rooms; and all the furniture, even to the bedstead, was made of the same material. Four small cannons and two mortars, also of ice, were placed in front of the house, and were fired several times without bursting, small wooden grenades being thrown from the mortars. On the wedding-day a procession was formed, composed of more than 300 persons of both sexes, whom the empress - desirous of of seeing how many different kinds of inhabitants there were in her vast dominions had caused the governors of the various provinces to send to St. Petersburg. The bride and bridegroom were conspicuously placed I. in a great iron cage on the back of an elephant. Of the guests (all of whom were dressed in the costume of their respective countries), some were mounted on camels; others were in sledges - a man and a woman in each drawn by beasts of all descriptions, as reindeer, oxen, goats, dogs, hogs, and the like. After passing before the imperial palace, and marching through the principal streets of the city, the motley cavalcade proceeded to the Duke of Courland's ridinghouse, where dinner was served to each after the manner of cookery in his own country. The feast over, there was a ball, those from each nation having their own music and their own style of dancing. When the ball was ended, the newly-married pair were conducted to their palace of ice, and guards were stationed at the door to prevent their going out until morning. The building is said to have lasted uninjured, in that cold climate, for several months. No forest fell When thou wouldst build, no quarry sent its stores work, with the evil ballad of 'Moll Flanders' hung up on his loom; while the pleasant, comely-faced youth is sedulously minding his business, with the volume of the Apprentices' Guide' lying open before him, through each intervening stage of the rise and fall ... on to the noble pathos of the last meeting of the early companions, when the justice on the bench hides his face after pronouncing condemnation on the felon at the bar." Sarah Tytler. Idle Servant Maid. A picture by Nicolas Maas (1632-1693), the Dutch genre-painter, and one of his principal works. In the National Gallery, London. Idlewild. An estate on the Hud son River, near the village of Cornwall, N. Y., formerly the home of N. P. Willis. a Idolino, L'. [The Little Image.] An ancient statue. Now in the Uffizi, Florence, Italy. If. A famous castle, used as state prison in part for political offenders, situated upon a small island of the same name in the Mediterranean, near Marseilles. The name is said to signify a yewtree. Happily, the old marquis himself, in periods of leisure, or forced leisure, whereof he had many, drew up certain "unpublished memoirs "of his father and progen itors; out of which memoirs young Mira beau, also in forced leisure (still more forced, in the Castle of If!), redacted one memoir of a very readable sort: by the light of this latter, so far as it will last, we walk with convenience. Carlyle. Igel Säule. [The Igel-column.] A monumental structure of Roman times near Treves, in Rhenish Prussia. It is a sandstone obelisk, 70 feet in height, with It inscriptions and bas-reliefs. is of uncertain date and origin. Ikenild Street. An ancient Roman road in Britain. It extended from the coast of Norfolk to the south-west of Cornwall. The name is of uncertain origin. Ildefonso Group, The. A celebrated marble group in the Museum at Madrid, Spain. "F. Tieck, the sculptor and brother of the poet, was the first to suggest that we have here Antinous, the Genius of Hadrian, and Persephone. Charles Bötticher started a new solution of the principal problem. According to him it was executed in the lifetime of Antinous, and it represents a sacrifice of fidelity on the part of the two friends Hadrian and Antinous, who have met together before Persephone to ratify a vow of love till death. . . . After all is said, the Ildefonso marble, like the legend of Antinous, remains a mystery." J. A. Symonds. Ildefonso, San. See GRANJA, LA. Ile de la Cité. [Island of the City.] An island, in Paris, which, previous to 1608, was divided into two parts. On this island, which is formed by two arms of the Seine, are situated Sainte Chapelle, Notre Dame, the Palais de Justice, the Préfecture de Police, the Tribunal de Commerce, the Morgue, Caserne de Gendarmerie, the Hôtel Dieu. Here is the legal quarter of Paris, - the civil, criminal, and commercial law-courts. Here was the principal part of mediæval Paris. From the centre of the Pont Neuf we could see for a long distance up and down the river. The different bridges traced on either side a dozen starry lines through the dark air, and a continued blaze lighted the two shores in their whole length, revealing the outline of the Isle de la Cité. Bayard Taylor. Ile de Paix. [Isle of Peace.] A little island in Lake Geneva, commanding a lovely view. It is referred to by Byron in the "Prisoner of Chillon." And then there was a little isle, Ile St. Louis. An island in the "The head and arms are wanting; but the supplicatory expression of the attitude, the turn of the body, the bloom of adolescence, which seems absolutely shed over the cold marble, the unequalled delicacy and elegance of the whole, touched me deeply." Mrs. Jameson. Immaculate Conception [of the Virgin Mary]. A picture by Giu seppe Ribera, called Lo Spagno- | letto (1588-1656), and one of his chief works. In the gallery of Madrid, Spain. Immaculate Conception. See GREAT CONCEPTION OF SEVILLE. Inarimé. A ruined castle at Ischia, once occupied by Vittoria Colonna. High o'er the sea-surge and the sands, Like a great galleon wrecked and cast Ashore by storms, thy castle stands A mouldering landmark of the l'ast. Thy castle on the crags above Longfellow. Incendio del Borgo. [Burning of the Borgo.] A celebrated fresco by Raphael Sanzio (1483-1520), representing the fire in the Borgo, or suburb, of Rome, which was miraculously extinguished by the Pope. It is in a chamber of the Vatican, Rome, called, after this picture, the Stanza del Incendio. Incendio del Borgo. See STANZE OF RAPHAEL. Inchcape, or Bell Rock. The celebrated and dangerous sunken reef known as the Inch Cape, or Bell Rock, is in the German Ocean, on the northern side of the entrance of the Firth of Forth, and about twelve miles from land. An abbot of Aberbrothock (Arbroath) is said to have placed a bell here, as a warning to sailors, which was cut loose by a Dutch rover, who, as a retribution for this mischievous act, was subsequently wrecked upon the very same rock. This story, which is an old tradition, is told by Southey in his wellknown ballad of "The Inchcape Rock." See BELL ROCK LIGHTHOUSE. "In old times upon the saide rock there was a bell fixed upon a timber, which rang continually, being moved by the sea, giving notice to say. lers of the danger. This bell was put there and maintained by the abbot of Aberbrothock; but, being taken down by a sea-pirate, a yeare thereafter he perished upon the same rocke, with ship and goodes, in the righteous judgement of God." Stoddart, Remarks on Scotland. The Abbot of Aberbrothock The mariners heard the warning bell; A Independence, Fort. See FORT Independence Hall. A building Independence Square. A public ground in Philadelphia, Penn., contiguous to Independence Hall, from which the Declaration of Independence was read to the people assembled in the square. India Docks. See EAST INDIA DOCKS and WEST INDIA DOCKS. India House. See EAST INDIA HOUSE. India Museum. A celebrated collection of curiosities formerly in the East India House (q.v.), afterwards in Fife House, Whitehall, and now at the South Kensington Museum. Large additions have been made to the old collection, exhibiting the riches and resources of British India. It contains, besides historical relics and antiquities, specimens of the natural productions, arts, manufactures, etc., of India. Indian Chief. A statue by Thomas Crawford (1818-1857). In the hall of the New York Historical Society. Indian Hill. An old mansion near Newburyport, Mass., the residence of Ben: Perley Poore. It is noted for the historical curiosities which it contains. Indianola, The. A powerful iron clad steamer of the United States navy in the civil war in 186165. She ran safely the batteries at Vicksburg, but was finally captured by a Confederate" rain. Industrie, Palais de l'. See PALAIS DE L'INDUSTRIE. Infant Hercules strangling the Serpents. A mythological picture by Sir Joshua Reynolds (1723-1792), the celebrated English portrait-painter. It painted for the Empress of Russia, and is regarded as one of his best works. was Inferno. [Hell.] A celebrated fresco by Andrea di Cioni, called Orcagna (1325?-1385?). In the Campo Santo, Pisa, Italy. Influence of Christianity in the Arts. A large and noted picture by Friedrich Overbeck (1789-1869). In the Städel Institut, Frankforton-the-Main. "Among the oil-paintings by Overbeck, the Triumph of Religion in the Arts, one of the choicest treasures in the Städel Institute, is certainly the most elaborate and ambitious. This grand composition, which may be lik ened in its intent to Raphael's School of Athens,' or to the Hemicycle' by ... "It possesses structures belonging to the Pagan as well as Christian periods, -a round tower, and seven small churches, or rather cells, or oratories. The round tower is about 70 feet high, and is in good preservation. Holy Island continues a favorite burial-place with the peasantry; and although its religious establishments are ruined and desecrated, the ancient sanctity of its character still endures, and pilgrims from remote distances seek its shores. On the patron, or festival, day of St. Camin (12th of March), the crowd of these devotees is very great. Mr. and Mrs. Hall. Inner Temple. One of the four Will I upon thy party wear this rose: den, Shall send, between the red rose and the white, A thousand souls to death and deadly night. Shakespeare, Henry VI., Pt. 1. "I was born, and passed the first seven years of my life, in the Temple. Its church, its halls, its gardens, its fountain, its river I had almost said, -for in those young years, what was this king of rivers to me but a stream that watered our pleasant places? - these are of my oldest recollections. I repeat, to this day, no verses to myself more frequently, or with kindlier emotion, than those of Spenser, where he speaks of this spot. There when they came, whereas those bricky towers, The which on Themmes brode aged back doth ride, Where now the studious lawyers have their bowers, There whylome wont the Templer knights to bide Till they decayed through pride. Indeed, it is the most elegant spot in the metropolis. What a transition for a countryman visiting London for the first time, the passing from the crowded Strand or Fleet Street, by unexpected avenues, into its ample squares, its classic green recesses! What a cheerful, liberal look hath that portion of it which, from three sides, overlooks the greater garden; That goodly pile Of building strong, albeit of Paper hight, confronting, with massy contrast, the lighter, older, more fantastically shrouded one, named of Harcourt, with the cheerful Crown-office Row (place of my kindly engendure), right opposite the stately stream which washes the garden-foot with her yet scarcely trade-polluted waters, and seems but just weaned from her Twickenham Naiads! a man would give something to have been born in such places." Charles Lamb. Innocents. See FONTAINE DES INNOCENTS and MASSACRE OF THE INNOCENTS. Inns of Court. The name given to the celebrated law-colleges in London, known respectively as the Inner Temple, Middle Temple, Lincoln's Inn, and Gray's Inn. The Inns of Court were so called because the students of the law belonged to the "King's Court." James I. is said to have declared that there were only three classes of persons who had any right to settle in London, "the courtiers, the citizens, and the gentlemen of the Inns of Court." The lawyers were unpopular in the time of Jack Cade's rebellion; and Shakespeare, in "Henry VI.,' represents Jack Cade as saying, "Now go some and pull down the Savoy; others the Inns of Court; down with them all!" See INNER TEMPLE, MIDDLE TEMPLE, LINCOLN'S INN, and GRAY'S INN. "The Inns of Court are interesting to others besides lawyers, for they are the last working institutions in the nature of the old trade-guilds. It is no longer necessary that a shoemaker should be approved by the company of the craft before he can apply himself to making shoes for his customers; and a man may keep an oyster-stall without being forced to serve an apprenticeship, and be admitted to the Livery of the great Whig Company; but the lawyers' guilds guard the entrance to the law, and prescribe the rules under which it shall be practised." Times Journal. The lawyers discussed law or literature, criticised the last new play, or retailed the freshest Westminster Hall "bite" at Nando's or the Grecian, both close on the purlieus of the Temple. Here the young bloods of the Inns of Court paraded their Indian gowns and lace caps of a morning, and swaggered in their lace coats and Mechlin ruffles at night, after the theatre. National Review. They [Christ-Churchmen] were dominant at Oxford, powerful in the Inns of Court and in the College of Physicians, conspicuous in parliament and in the literary and fashionable circles of London. Macaulay. Institut, Palais de l'. See PALAIS DE L'INSTITUT. Insurgente, L'. [The Insurgent.] A famous French frigate of 40 guns, captured by the United States vessel of war Constellation, in 1798. The Insurgente was at that time one of the fastest sailing vessels in the world. Intermontium. The ancient Latin name of the place in Rome now occupied by the Piazza del Campidoglio. See PIAZZA DEL CAM PIDOGLIO. Intrepid, The. 1. A famous vessel, originally a Tripolitan ketch, captured by Stephen Decatur, |