in front of them, about half way to Cambridge. Both were guarding against an attack; neither of them were in a condition to receive one. The loss of the peninsula depressed the spirits of the provincials, and the loss of men damped the courage of the regulars. There was a continued blaze of fire from the provincials for near half an hour, and the action was hot for about double that period. In this short space the loss of the British amounted to 1054. Nineteen commissioned officers were killed, and 70 more were wounded. The light infantry and grenadiers lost threefourths of their men. Of one company not more than five, and of another, not more than fourteen escaped. A number of tories served as volunteers, several of whom were killed. That the officers suffered so much must be imputed to their being aimed at from their fall much confusion was expected. They were therefore particularly singled out. Most of those who were near the person General Howe, were either killed or wounded.It was a wonder that the General himself escaped. The unexpected resistance of the Americans must wipe away the reproaches of cowardice, which has been cast on them by their enemies. In future, let them no more pronounce the Americans cowards, who will fly at the very sight of a grenadier's cap. The spirited conduct of the British officers merited great applause, but the Americans were justly entitled to a large portion of the same, for having made the utmost exertions of their adversaries necessary to dislodge them from lines, which were the work only of a few hours. Americans lost five pieces of cannon out of six. Their killed amounted to 139. Their wounded and missing to 314. Among the slain was Majorgeneral Warren, he was shot in the back part of his head; upon receiving the shot he dropt down

of

The

dead in the trenches, scarcely four days after his appointment to so distinguished a military command. His death was universally regretted, and would have veiled with cypress the most brilliant victory. In the spring of 1776, after the evacuation of Boston by the British, his body was brought from Breed's hill where it had laid undistinguished from his fellow soldiers, to be entombed in a Boston burial ground. He was there interred with masonic and civic honours, and an eulogium on his merits was delivered in the Stone Chapel, by one of the craft."

Ramsay in his elegant history of the American Revolution, sums up his character, by observing "that to the purest patriotism and most undaunted bravery, he added the virtues of domestic life, the eloquence of an accomplished orator, and the wisdom of an able statesman. Nothing but a regard to the liberty of his country induced him to oppose the measures of government. He aimed

not at a separation from, but a coalition with, the mother country. He took an active part in defence of his country, not that he might be applauded and rewarded for a patriotie spirit, but because he was, in the best sense of the word, a real patriot. Having no interested or personal views to answer, the friends of liberty confided in his integrity. The soundness of his judgment and his abilities as a public speaker, enabled him to make a distinguished figure in public councils, but his intrepidity and zeal induced his countrymen to place him in the military line. Within four days after he had been appointed a Major-general, he fell a noble sacrifice to a cause he had espoused from the purest principles. Like Hampden he lived, and like Hampden he died, universally beloved and universally regretted. His many virtues were celebrated in an elegant eulogium written by Dr. Rush, in language equal to the illustrious subject."

A monument has been erected to his memory on Breed's hill, in Charlestown, on the spot, as nearly as could be ascertained, where the brave Warren fell. It is a pillar of the Tuscan order, the top of which is twenty-eight feet from the ground; and is surmounted with a gilt urn, on which are sundry masonic devices, and the letters J. W. E. XXXVI The inscription is on the south side of the pedestal, in the following words: ERECTED A.D. 1794,

By King Solomon's Lodge of Freemasons, Constituted at Charlestown, 1783, in memory

MAJOR-GENERAL

JOSEPH WARREN,

of

And his associates, who were slain on this memorable spot, 17th June, 1775.

"None but they who set a just value on the blessings of liberty, are worthy to enjoy her. In vain we toiled, in vain we fought,-we bled in vain, if you, our offspring, want valor to repel the assaults of her invaders."

Charlestown settled, 1628; burnt, 1775; rebuilt, 1776. The enclosed land given by Hom James Russel.

MAJOR-GENERAL

RICHARD MONTGOMERY.

RICHARD MONTGOMERY was born in the north of Ireland, in the year 1737. His family were ancient and honourable. Gifted with an excellent genius, he received a classical education, after which he embraced the profession of arms. Of the early part of his military life, not much is known. He was, however, under General Wolfe,

in Canada, and commanded a regiment at the siege of Quebec, when that gallant officer fell in the arms of victory in 1759, near the spot where he afterwards consecrated with his blood gloriously contending for freedom in behalf of the United Colonies. After the conclusion or the war of 1756, at the commencement of which he was a Captain in the 17th regiment, under General Mockton, he returned with his regiment to England, and resigned his command in 1772, although the brightest prospects of preferment were before him. In that year he retired to Amèrica, purchased an estate on the east banks of the river Hudson, about 100 miles north of the city of NewYork, and married a Miss Livingston, daughter of Judge Livingston, one of the oldest and most respectable families in that province. His retirement was of short duration, for embracing the cause of the colonies in their contest with the mother country, he was appointed a Major-general, the second in rank of eight who were chosen by the provincial Congress in 1775; and in the fall of that year the command of the continental forces were entrusted to his charge, in conjunction with General Schuyler: but the latter falling sick he succeeded to the chief command in the month of October. He captured Fort Chamblée, distant about six miles from St. John's, by which he obtained six tons of gunpowder, which enabled him to prosecute the siege of the latter place with vigor. In consequence of the defeat of Governor Carlton who was expected to assist the besieged, St. John's surrendered and the garrison marched out with the honors of war. General Montgomery pushed on to Montreal, which he entered on the day succeeding that, on which the Governor of the province had left it. The inhabitants of this city applied to the General for a capitulation;

which, as it was considered in a defenceless state, could not be granted; but they were informed that their individual and religious liberties would be protected. With the most flattering prospects in favor of the cause of the provinces, General Montgomery projected and caused to be raised a regiment of Canadians to be paid by Congress, who were put under the command of James Livingston, a native of New-York, who had resided for a long time in Canada. They were raised for twelve months. The friendly dispositions of the inhabitants on both sides of the river St. Lawrence was so manifest, that expresses from the provincials in Montreal passed and re-passed between that city and Quebec uninterrupted; and moreover most eminent services were rendered them by individuals in the advancement of specie and furnishing of supplies. Notwithstanding his success, he found his situation embarrassing, on account of the character of the troops he had to command; want of discipline and a licentious spirit were too prevalent. Montgomery, however, encountered every hardship and difficulty. Leaving a few troops in Montreal, he despatched several detachments into the province, encouraging the Canadians to forward on provisions, and proceeded with expedition to Quebec. He formed a junction at Point-Aux-Trembles with Colonel Arnold, who had been despatched through the wilderness with a body of troops from the American army at Cambridge. The combined forces commenced the siege of the capital on the 1st of December, prior to which General Montgomery sent in a summons to Governor Carlton, to surrender, in order to avoid the horrors of a storm. The flag was fired upon and returned. Means, however, were devised by which the summons was conveyed to the inhabitants, but Carlton evinced astonishing inflexibility and firmness