Example of Literary Analysis-Continued.

rain-scented eglantine

Gave temperate sweets to that well-wooing sun;

13. Taking the Analysis as the framework of your composition, describe in prose the Latmian Forest, using your own language throughout.

14. Explain the application of the epithets in these phrases: Rain-scented eglantine (sweet-brier); sacred sward; palmy fern; rushes fenny; airy swellings; light-hung leaves; surgy murmurs; unfooted plains.

15. When was Endymion published? How long before the poet's death? Where is the scene of the poem laid?

16. A-down; pard; fantasies (older form of fancies); pleasantness (for Old English pleasaunce in the sense of pleasure-ground);-in using these and similar forms, what Elizabethan author did Keats imitate?

17. Illustrate from the extract the following figures:-Hyperbăton, Transferred Epithet, Onomatopoeia, Personification, Metaphor.

18. Sketch an outline map of Asia Minor, showing the position of Caria, R. Mæander (modern Mendere) and Mt. Lamos (south of Mæander, near mouth).

19. Believed ever; thus did sever, an instance of double rhyme; give others from the extract, and assign a reason for their use.

20. (P. 15.) And wild roses, and ivy serpentine: contrast this with And roses wild, and ivy serpentine. Show that Shelley's arrangement of words(1) affords a greater variety in feet; (2) avoids a too close recurrence of the diphthongal sound of i; (3) yields a more melodious cæsura by providing a pause after a dissyllable instead of a monosyllable; (4) prevents the voice from resting on d, which was already used alliteratively in the preceding

line.

21. (P. 16.) Quote phrases from Wordsworth's poem to illustrate the " exquisiteness of expression " remarked by Palgrave. Explain two-fold shout, visionary hours.

22. (P. 17-19.) What was Wordsworth's theory of poetic diction? Examine, in Mr. Myers' manner, Wordsworth's poem, To the Cuckoo, p. 16, and show how far it diverges from the poet's own theory.

23. (P. 20-22.) Who was the author of Comus and Samson Agonistes? Briefly summarize Professor Masson's views respecting poetic diction.

24. (P. 22.) Consult note on p. 93, and explain the metrical structure of Burns' Sonnet. What irregularity occurs in the last line? How would you name such a line? Illustrate from this sonnet the figures Apostrophë, Personification, Metaphor, Transferred Epithet.

25. (P. 23-27.) Illustrate from Pope these terms:-Alexandrine, Expletive, Open Vowels, Onomatopoeia. What is an Alexandrine, and why is it so named? What stanza regularly closes with an Alexandrine? Mark the position of the cæsura in the first fourteen lines of the extract from the Essay on Criticism; how does Pope differ from Shakspeare, Milton, Wordsworth, and Keats in the management of his cæsuras?

26. What critics chiefly influenced Pope in the formation of his style? Illustrate what is meant by the "poverty" of Pope's rhymes. Give some common quotations from Pope's poems. What explanation has been given of the frequency with which Pope violates rules of grammar? Who is meant by "The Stagirite," and why is he so named? What other form of the word?

27. (P. 27-30.) What is the office of consonants? What does Mr. White mean by "boning" our words? Give some examples from the daily conversation of school-boys. What change has occurred since A.D. 1600 in the pronunciation of i, ion, ei, ea, th, soul, my, uncle.

28. (P. 31-35.) Relate the circumstances connected with the founding of Westminster Abbey; what contemporary source of information have we on the subject? After referring to your Manual of English Literature, give some account of the Saxon Chronicle. Where were the early Saxon kings of England buried? When did London become the capital of England?

Give the names of some of the illustrious men who lie buried in Westminster Abbey. What learned name does Sir Thomas Browne give to his Popular Errors?

29. (P. 36-39.) Over how many years did Wordsworth's poetical authorship extend; and-accepting Matthew Arnold's dictum-between what years do we find his best work? Under what conditions does Wordsworth reach his highest excellence? Examine after the manner of Mr. Myers (p. 19) how far Wordsworth's own conception of poetic diction is fulfilled in these extracts. What class of words, according to Professor Alexander, express genuine warmth and feeling; and what class are merely phosphorescent?

30. (P. 40-42.) Draw a sketch-map showing the lake-fountains of the Nile, the Congo, and the Zambesi. Trace briefly Stanley's expedition Through the Dark Continent." What previous experience had he

66

obtained of Africa?

31. (P. 42-44.) Under what circumstances were these three Sonnets on the Nile written? Contrast the artistic treatment; the imagery and historical allusions; the infusion of human interest. What was Shelley's greatest achievement in sonnet-writing? What suggested Rossetti's Sonnet? "Keats' withered," etc., explain the allusions.

32. (P. 44-Rossetti.) Cicero, the great Roman orator, had opposed the policy of Marcus Antonius, and attacked him with great virulence in his Philippics. On the formation of the Second Triumvirate, Cicero was put to death by Antony's soldiers, B.C. 43. The thought running through the sonnet may be thrown into this form :-Fulvia's needle at Rome was the symbol of sweet speech scorned, as seen in Cicero's fate: and may not Cleopatra's Needle at London stand also as the symbol of sweet speech scorned; for witness the fate of Keats, Coleridge, and Chatterton!

33. Thrid here used as the past participle of thread; hadst stitched great skirts of time-that is, hadst completed great cycles of years. The obelisks attributed to Cleopatra were really the work of the ancient Egyptian king Thothmes III.

Hid dead hope. The battle of Actium (B.C. 31) ended the hopes of Antony and Cleopatra. They both committed suicide.

34. (P. 44 Shelley.) Ozymandias (or Osymandias) an old Egyptian king mentioned by Diodorus Siculus; supposed to be identical with Rameses I. See No. 35.

35. (P. 45-54.) Aboo-Simbel (or Ipsambul), a village of Nubia, on west bank of Nile.

The Colossi of the Plain.-Two gigantic sitting figures carved each out of a single block of reddish sandstone. They stand on the paved approach of the temple of Amenôphis III., and represent that king himself. One of them became famous as the "Vocal Memnon," from emitting soon after sunrise a musical tone like the snapping of a harp-string.

Canopic vases.-Canōpus, a great city whose ruins are now seen west of Aboukir.

Lycopolis a city of Upper Egypt, on west bank of Nile.

Memnonium (now more usually called the Ramesēum) a magnificent memorial temple begun by Seti I. in honor of his father Rameses I. This is supposed to be the temple of Osymandias mentioned by Diodorus Siculus. The vast sitting Colossus of polished rose-granite, once the chief glory of the temple, now lies in fragments on the soil of the court-yard.

36. (P. 45-54.) Between what dates B.C. did Ancient Egypt reach her greatest splendor? Enumerate the principal architectural monuments that have reached our time.

37. Under the influence of what belief (see p. 47-53) were the dead embalmed, and were personal ornaments and articles of food deposited in the tombs?

38. State the circumstances which led to the discovery of the remarkable antiquities described by Miss Edwards. Name some of the delicacies of an Egyptian feast; and some of the articles of the royal toilet (see p. 47, 49).

39. By what evidence was the date of the coffins at Dayr-el-Baharee approximately fixed? What is their estimated age?

40. Describe the geographical position of the Pyramids; give some account of their construction and dimensions. Notice some of the speculations as to their object. What are Professor Rawlinson's views on the subject?

41. Over what subjects did the ancient literature of Egypt range? Critically considered, what are its qualities? Give some account of the Egyptian novels (a) as to style; (b) as to artistic machinery. What peculiarity marks the form of narration?

42. (P. 48-Shakspeare.) The Cydnus, a river of Asia Minor, rising in Mount Taurus, flowed through Tarsus into the Cilician Sea. The scene here described occurred B.C. 41. Shakspeare took his raw material from North's translation of Plutarch's Lives.

43. Burnt on the water, glowed like fire on the water. Cloth-of-gold of tissue-a phrase common in early English, and here taken from North; the meaning is cloth-of-gold on a ground of tissue. O'er picturing that Venus, etc.,—as much surpassing pictures of lovely women as those pictures are wont to surpass the originals. What they undid, did,—the fans, while cooling her cheeks, restored color to them by the warm tints of the fans themselves. Nereides (4 syllables)-water-nymphs, daughters of the sea-god Nereus (2 syllables).

44. Tended her i' the eyes, and made their bends adornings.-All the commentators have balked at this passage, and no two agree in their interpretation. We suggest this simple explanation: took their orders from her glance, and in bowing compliance added a new grace to the scene.

45. Tackle, here sails. That yarely frame the office,-that with nimble fingers perform the duty of steering. Which, but for vacancy,-which, if Nature permitted a vacuum.

46. (P. 54-57.) How long since the death of J. S. Mill? To what studies was he chiefly devoted, and what are his great works? Enumerate the most frequent defects in his style. When is he at his best? Arrange in order of seniority (with dates) the following writers :-Grote, Macaulay (see p. 228), the two Austins, Dr. Bain, Roebuck, Thiers, and J. S. Mill.

47. (P. 57-Tennyson Turner.) Trace, after the poet's beautiful ideal, the process of literary composition from the colorless water to the precious opal. 48. (P. 58-67.) What is the origin of the word "Coliseum"? Correct the spelling accordingly. By what name was the structure originally known to the Romans? When were gladiatorial combats discontinued?

49. Sketch the career of the Spanish statesman Castelar.

50. Explain the following allusions in Byron :-(a) While stands the Coliseum, Rome shall stand; (b) The bald first Cæsar's head; (c) From its mass palaces have been reared; (d) Arise ye Goths, and glut your ire! Answer the questions in No. 11.

51. Minium meant sometimes red lead, sometimes vermilion. corresponded to modern Hungary and Moldavia.

Dacia

52. (P. 67-69-Withrow.) How long were the Catacombs used for Christian burial? What number of bodies are they estimated to enclose? What domestic memorials have been found?

53. Where do we find the earliest account of a visit to the Catacombs? When in modern times was a knowledge of their position recovered?

54. (P. 70-76.) Describe the general plan of a gentleman's villa among the Romans of the first century A.D. Describe a Roman dinner party.

55. Under what circumstances was Pompeii destroyed? When were explorations on the site first begun?

56. (P. 76-80-Lubbock.) How would Lubbock explain the arctic climate of the temperate zone during the glacial period? When does man's presence first become discernible in Europe?

57. Explain the phrases: Bronze Age, Stone Age, Iron Age. To which age would the American Indians, as found by Cartier, belong? What subdivisions have been made of the Stone Age?

58. (P. 81-86.) Describe the situation, uses, and architecture of the Alhambra. How far are Irving's Tales of the Alhambra fictitious? What historical allusions occur in the extract?

59. (P. 86-Shelley.) Apply questions in No. 11.

60. (P. 87-91-Helps and Ruskin.) What testimony does Ruskin himself bear to Helps' influence upon his style? Compare the two writers (a) in their preference for words of Anglo-Saxon origin; (b) in vigor of thought; (c) in energy of expression; (d) in picturesque description. What were Helps' sources of information; and how long was he engaged on his Spanish Conquest? In how many special forms does Ruskin here affirm the general proposition, "Man is the Great Destroyer"?

61. (P. 91, 92-Symonds.) Condense into a brief statement the indebted ness of English literature to Italy. What is meant by The Renaissance? Who wrote the first English Sonnet?

62. (P. 93-97.) Explain: Visionary brow (Wordsworth); starshine clear (Watts); shot the welkin's height (Rossetti); the heavens stoop and gloom (Kemble). Revert to the sonnets on p. 43, 44, and examine their structure in respect of the number and arrangement of rhymes. What is meant by the terms "Petrarchan" and "Shakspearean" sonnets?

63. Arrange in order of seniority (with dates) the sonnet-writers represented in the first 100 pages of this Reader.

64. (P. 98-105.) Apply the questions in No. 10. Explain the purpose of the colors and markings in birds and in beasts of prey. What birds are commonly met in the North-West? Notice the characteristic difference between an artificial mechanism and an animal organism.

65. (P. 106-110.) Apply the questions in Nos. 10 and 11. For Lecky's qualities as an historian, see p. 340. On the subject of the U. E. Loyalists, compare FOURTH READER, p. 149; and write a brief paper, developing chiefly the hardships of the Loyalists (a) at their homes in the revolted American colonies, (b) at their new homes in Canada.

66. (P. 111-113.) In the language of fur-traders, portage (" carrying place") is applied to that part of a route where the canoes must be unloaded, and the canoes themselves as well as contents carried to the next navigable water; décharge (" unloading place") describes a place where the impediment to navigation can be overcome by lightening the canoes. For Mrs. Jameson see FOURTH READER, p. 183.

67. (P. 114-122 Shakspeare.) On what ground does Swinburne pronounce against Marlowe's authorship of King John? Develop the thought in the following: Brooded watchful day; although unqueened, yet like a queen; his lion's whelp; yesty waves.

68. (P. 123-133.) Apply questions in Nos. 10 and 11. Sketch the characteristic scenery of the North-West; and then describe the first attempt at British colonization in Manitoba.

69. (P. 133-136-Tennyson.) Give examples of picturesque epithets from these poems, and fill in the pictures that you conceive to have been before the poet's mind. Where instances of onomatopoia occur, analyze the means by which the artistic effects are produced.

70. (P. 137, 138.) For Evangeline and Blomidon see p. 235, 236. For the Earthly Paradise compare the FOURTH READER, p. 147.