make it, as it is to have fine and superior wool, and of one kind, to make fine and superior cloth. The day is not far distant, when the apple will receive the culture and management it merits, and the cider distinguished by the apple from which it is made, as much as the imported wines from the kind of grapes.

on the contrary, treat the young tree as you treat-this state, among which, are 6000 barrels of cider ed the old one when young, and you may expect the annually sold at $30,000, made principally from the result the same, from the Christian era to the end Harrison apple, so celebrated in Essex county. No of time. section of the union that I have ever been in, conOrchards are generally in perfection at from for- tains such a variety of fine fruit as the vicinity of ty to fifty years from planting; if the land is sandy, Philadelphia, and none from which so little has the sooner in maturity and sooner in decay. If been exported or turned to so small an account. In the selection of fruit, care should be taken to your orchard is on the most desirable spot on the Individuals to the east have sold the annual produce choose those best adapted to the soil and climate farm, and thus decaying, plant an intermediate or of their orchards for more than five thousand dolthey are to be planted in. The pippins flourish in chard at the most extreme distance from the old- ars, and I am inclined to believe that the annual clay, and perish in sandy soils-the wine-sap flour-attend to its culture, and when of a size that the amount of exports for cider from Philadelphia, will ishes in sand, and mildew and blight in adhesive old orchard interferes with its growth, cut away not amount to half that sum. cold clay soil. It is not alone discoverable in the such of the old decayed and interfering trees as do apple, in the forests left to nature, the pine flourish- not sufficiently reward for exhausting of soil, until es in sand, and perishes in clay, and vice versa with you have an entire new orchard of the best tested the oak. and most profitable fruit in our country, without loss of time or additional expense of culture.

In planting out trees, the hole should be sufficiently large to admit the roots being expanded without coming in contact with the walls, the hole to be filled up with fine dirt equally around the tree from the top of the ground, leaving that taken from the hole to throw round the butt of the tree, which should be raised from four to eight inches high, and as loose as possible. Since pursuing the above mode, (the land under culture the ensuing season,) I have not sustained a loss of one tree to the hundred, in planting out upwards of ten thousand. It is a common practice in planting out trees, after throwing in a few shovels full of dirt, to raise the tree and tread the dirt, by which means the small fibres that convey moisture, collect in a wad not more efficacious to the growth of the tree than as much tape tied to a cane; also treading round the tree on the top of the ground after planted, causes it to bake and crack, from which the transition from wet to dry, and from heat to cold, is frequently too great for a transplanting tree, round which it is as necessary to have the land loose and moist, and more so, than round Indian corn, possessing the advantage of its original roots.

The soil of your northwestern clime and variegated region, is more congenial to the growth of trees and preservation of cider, than the level sandy lands on the western section of this state; the later the fruit is in ripening, and making it before frozen, the less will be the risk in making and preserving. I am, very respectfully, Your most obedient servant, BENJAMIN B. COOPER.

(From the Winchester Republican.) THE VINE.

In making cider, most people after grinding their apples, let the pomace continue in the trough or tub over night; immediately after grinding, I have it put on the press, and as the cider runs off, return it to the cheese, (or as much as it will contain,) for DAVID LAWSON, Esq. one, two and sometimes three days, according to the weather and season of the year, keeping the cheese saturated with cider, that the pulp of the apple may become decomposed, and its nutricious principle imparted to the cider, which adds much Presuming it would not be unacceptable to your to its spirituous property, colour and strength. In readers, I offer a statement of my progress in the the leaching of ashes, the good husbandwomen of our cultivation of the vine. Having by long expericountry return the ley upon the tub again and again, ence, discovered that the farming business is exuntil the colour and strength designed is obtained. tremely precarious, owing measurably to the ravaThere is, however, an exception to the crab cider, ges of the fly, together with unfavourable seasons, which is a thin watery substance at most, and much &c., and having perused various treatises on the lighter than other cider (particularly the Harrison cultivation of the grape, I determined on trying my & Cooper's russetting,) more liable to be sour, and success in a business to which I had been hitherto a most safe to press it off and remove it to the place stranger; and in the autumn of 1824, I employed a from which it is racked as soon as possible. Some vigneron from Switzerland, who represented to me people pretend to cleanse cider by filtering it that he had been long acquainted with the business, through dirty sand. This operation is, in itself, (and I have no reason to doubt his assertions,) who, premature and injurious, (except for cider royal, during the succeeding winter, prepared about two In trimming, if any, the first season should be where it is not intended to ferment,) as it tends to acres of ground, of a south exposure, and of very light, leaving the suckers to attract the sap. From retard and lessen its fermentation. The great se- thin, unproductive and slaty soil, but such as was the first season until the tree is three or four inches cret is in assisting nature while in the act of fer- preferred by him, although I protested against the through, the suckers to be cut close under ground menting, to divest the lees from the cider arti- location, and recommended other situations which and from six to eight inches above it, from thence ficially, if not spontaneously, achieved-and the conceived would be far more productive; but besnag them off at about four or five inches from the sooner it is effected the finer and more valuable ing a stranger to the business, I yielded to his supetree, until you come to the limbs intended to form will be the cider-true it is, that cider from some rior judgment, and during the months of February the top, by which means you obtain a greater pro- particular kinds of apple, contains much more spi- and March, 1825, I procured from Major Adlum, portion of root and body, for the want of which rit than others, and the quantity of juice obtained near Georgetown, two thousand cuttings at thirty the tree is often carried away to destruction. Care from the same number of bushels, much less, yet dollars per thousand, exclusive of a considerable should be taken in forming a top to keep it light, and more to be relied on for draught or long keeping, than number from gentlemen of this and the adjoining leave no more limbs in the first instance than is in- from apples producing the greater quantity of ci- counties, amounting, in all, to about three thousand. tended to form the tree-though much risk is run der, which is apt to be a thin watery substance, These were planted during the aforesaid months of by leaving too much top while young, greater inju soon becoming sour, ropy and nauseous. There is February and March, 1825, in the following manry is sustained and premature decay experienced in also an essential difference in cider produced from ner, say the cuttings (generally about two and a cutting off large limbs, and in too close and frequent different kinds of land. I have uniformly discover half feet long,) were laid in rows seven feet apart trimming when old. ed at the distillery a difference, of from one to four one way, and three and a half the other, in a horigallons of whiskey to the hogshead, of cider from zontal position, in trenches about two feet long, one the orchards of my neighbours, between that pro- foot wide and about one foot deep, allowing from duced from high, ridgy, dry, poor land, over that one to two buds to appear above the surface, and which is flat, rich and moist. The increased quan filling up and packing pretty close with the surface tity of cider from the one, and additional strength of the ground (which was carefully preserved for of the other, leave the value of apples about the that purpose in excavating.) The season proved same for whiskey; though for superior cider intend-unfavourable, and I presume that not more than ed for sale or keeping, the difference is but too about one half vegetated the first year, which progreat. If I have a good stock of cider on hand, I duced a small quantity of grapes the next season, rarely ever use it under five years; that now on tap 1826; and in 1827, my vigneron sold a considera. is seven and eight years old, and its quality contin- ble quantity of grapes and made about fifty gallons ues to increase with its age. of wine. I have now increased the size of my vine

On trees covered with moss, old bark, or insects, lime as a whitewash, may be applied once in eight or ten years with safety, and to advantage; if too frequently used, its corroding quality cracks and destroys the skin, covering the bark on the south, lets the rain in and decay ensues. A more safe application, if frequently repeated, is that of soft soap undiluted applied to the tree in the same manner as whitewash, from which no injury is experienced, and frequently results in much good.

I

In the western section of this state, but few peo-yard (say in 1826 and 1827,) to between five and ple turn their attention to the cultivation of apple trees and making of eider in perfection, they requiring so long a credit, that the peach mania has drawn the scent so near the eye as to eclipse that

As to land not producing a second orchard equal to the first, prejudice might as well tell me that a mother could not produce a second child without degeneracy, languor and disease. Treat the infant as you treated the adult in infancy, and you may expect the result the same; treat an infant as an adult, and you discover all the degeneracy you figure to yourself, in a succession of orchards. A which, in the end, will be more profitable. young orchard cannot bear the hardships and exposures of an old one, more than a child can that of an adult. Providence never intended mother earth to be so unkind to the human family, as to produce but one orchard, and from thenceforth to be barren;

In the eastern counties of this state, the cultivation of apple orchards and making of fine cider, is made a business of, as much as the raising of wheat or the rearing of cattle is in yours. I have in my possession a report of the committee of Orange, in

six acres, continuing to reset where the cuttings had failed to vegetate. All of them now appear in a flourishing condition.

It will appear by the foregoing statement, that my first planting will have been only three years in the ensuing February and March; and that planting, after deducting such as failed to vegetate, can only be estimated at about an acre; and from the proceeds of the last, I think I can safely calculate on from five to ten barrels of wine the approaching

season. Thus it will appear that either the climate country. Adjacent to this manufacturing district, broad berm bank; whilst on the other hand, the caor the soil, or both, are better adapted to the pro- is the great agricultural plain of north eastern Ohio nals would protect the rail-way, by firm protection duction of the vine, than any which had hereto-(the Poland of America,) one of the most fertile walls, from the damage of floods and the encroachfore come under my observation; as those of the and productive tracts of land in the world; well set-ments of the river. It may yet be found, that the United States who have preceded me in the busi-tled and beautifully improved by an intelligent, en- best way of applying steam power to canal boats, is ness, generally state the bearing as very inconsider- terprising, and an industrious population. The by locomotive engines, travelling on a rail-way able until the third year, whereas my first planting Pennsylvania canal from Pittsburg to Lake Erie, along the bank of the canal. I shall not, however, bore luxuriantly in the second. Ploughing and the by Beaver and Chenango, will touch the eastern be considered visionary in believing that these two cultivation of the ground, I find, is attended with boundary of this valuable granary. The line of this national inprovements, running with generous emuabout the same labour as an equal quantity of canal at the mouth of the Mahoning, is about 80 lation by each other's side, whilst they test with ground in corn, and the cultivation of the vine is miles from the Ohio canal. The Ohio commission- the fairest experiment their comparative advantages also easy and simple. ers have surveyed the route between the two, and on the grandest scale, will lessen the expense of have found their junction practicable, and recom- each, and augment the business of both. To the mend it as the most direct route eastward, and as common route of both would be directed the multiobviating the danger and uncertainty of lake navi- farious productions of the west, and their less bulky gation. It is obvious that the whole trade of the but more precious returns, certain that whatever Ohio canals and the lakes may be reached by the might be the season, and whatever the nature or rail-way to Pittsburg. the value of the article, there would be the best chance of the cheapest or speediest conveyance. Passengers, whether for business or curiosity, would be doubled on the rail-way.

Respectfully your ob't,

JOSIAH LOCKHART. Back Creek Valley, Frederick county, Va.

INTERNAL IMPROVEMENT.

J. S. SKINNER, ESQ.

In a direct line Čumberland is 25 miles nearer Pittsburg, Feb. 13, 1828. Pittsburg than any other point on the Ohio. By The Sir,-Reflecting upon the contents of my letter, any other map than Shriver's, it is more. since its "committal" to the post, I am convinced steam boat navigation to this place is more than that my statements are not exaggerated. In gene-adequate to the trade. For the last six months ral my colouring has been a little paler than the there have seldom been less than from five to ten truth. One slight inaccuracy I would beg leave to steam boats at our wharf. Scarcely a day passes correct. I stated that Cumberland was nearer to without one or two arrivals and departures. In Pittsburg than to any other point on the Ohio by comparison with the eastern waters, our beautiful 25 miles, and that in any other map than Shriver's, Ohio, as you well know, is a gentle and unrippled the distance was greater. The difference I have stream from Louisville to its head. Its obstructions since ascertained to be 20 miles instead of 25, and above Wheeling have been greatly overrated. Such that Shriver does not vary from the others except as they are, half the difference of expense between the construction of a rail-way on the lower and upper ́in one instance. route, would make the river better above the mouth of Fishing, than it is below that creek.

I am sorry to see some of the Philadelphia papers opposing the Baltimore and Susquehanna rail-way. Our friend Col. Powel has set them an example of liberality, which I hope will be followed. If there was a man in the legislature, or the state, more interested than any other, in the western trade continuing to pass over the permanent bridge, it was Col. Powel, of Powelton. To him and to Mr. Duncan, much of the credit is due, for the passage in the Senate of the bill to enable the Baltimore and Ohio rail-way to enter the state. Yours, with respect,

WM. H. DENNY.

Pittsburg, Feb. 9, 1828.

If I had time, I would give more reasons why a canal and railway might go along the same route, cheek by jowl; and find it their mutual advantage in clubbing the expense, and constructing their works at the same time.

With very great esteem and respect,

WM. H. DENNY. NOTE.-Pittsburg has 2,600 hands employed in factories--a capital of 2,000,000 Thirty one steam engines in operation--each of them by a vertical mine could raise its own coal to supply itself. Coal this winter trebled its price on account of bad roads. The rail-road to Baltimore, would have I am aware that from a cursory reconnoissance, saved Pittsburg this winter, $20,000 in the price of your excellent engineers are impressed with a be- coal, besides the suspension of several extensive lief, that more facilities occur than we had fancied factories. The Pennsylvania canal being on the could be found among the hills of Green county west side of the river, where the coal is scarce for But if upon twenty miles up, will not avail us so much in the actual survey, the impediments on the southern coal trade as the Baltimore rail-way, which will route should prove to be much greater than were wind along the base of our richest hills of coal in expected, the main stem may be made to Pittsburg its route for many miles, and in the inmediate viin the first instance, and the more mountainous, cinity of the city. No attempts have been made to protracted and expensive branch postponed until raise coal from the lower stratrum, which has been further experience and greater improvements in found uniformly, in boring for salt, to be rich and science are brought to aid it. thick; nor will there be, so long as it can be got without capital, from the horizontal and self-draining pitts on the hills.

and the mountains of Green-briar.

ticable for a canal, a fortiori it is practible for a
rail-way. One stationary steam engine only would
be required upon it. It is only by levels, or a great
proportion of levels, that the full merits and supe-
rior advantages of the rail-way can be realized: for
a distance so great as the one proposed, and for a
trade so various and immense, the embarrassment
of inclined planes and stationary engines, is to be
avoided, if possible.

The United States and Pennsylvania engineers J. S. SKINNER, Esq. have ascertained that the route of Castleman's riSir,-You have, no doubt, observed that the Se-ver or Deep creek, and the Youghiogheny is prac nate of Pennsylvania have passed, by a large majority, a resolution permitting the Baltimore and Ohio rail-way to enter the state of Pennsylvania, provided a branch be made to Pittsburg. This resolution is made the order of the day in the House of Representatives for the 18th inst. and will eertainly pass that body. We are glad to hear that the condition is not disagreeable to the Board. We must do ourselves the justice to say, that many of us here were willing to give you the privilege without restrictions; but since they are likely to be im posed, we hope and expect they will prove in the end to be golden fetters.

By following the valley of the Youghiogheny, there need be no clashing with the Chesapeake and Ohio canal; on the contrary, the two operations may go on together and mutually aid each other. The road through Pennsylvania to Pittsburg will, Engineers say, indeed it is obvious to any one, that on this side of the Alleghany, pass through a rich, there can be no better track for a rail-way than the long settled, highly cultivated and populous coun berm bank of a canal. The Grand Trunk canal in try, where the materials and iron works are already England is said to have several rail-ways on its at hand for the construction of a road; and subjects bank. The companies might join in the expense of for transportation are produced in no small amount. levelling of deep cuts and embanking; by joining When it reaches Pittsburg, it is at once the shortest viaduct with aqueduct, they would strengthen both, route to the ocean for all the prolific trade of a and lessen the expense of each. The rail-way great manufacturing district, of which Pittsburg is company would be obliged, in some places, to exthe centre. This district will sustain, and doubtless tend over the berm bank the road and farm bridges. will one day possess, an immense population, ma Whilst they would increase the span of the bridges, nufacturing more domestic, and consuming more im- they would, in the same proportion, add to their ported goods, than any other of the same extent in height and essentially benefit the canal. A gentle the United States. It now transacts a business inclination of the berm bank throughout would im with the maritime cities of great value and amount. perceptibly overcome the lockage. The rail-way Our Manchesters, Leeds, and Sheffields, will be would protect the canal from the vernal slips of the within this region, and whichsoever sea port will hills, a frequent and expensive occurrence, and command its trade, will be the Liverpool of the which makes it an object for a canal to have a

LADIES' DEPARTMENT.

FAMILY WORSHIP IN A COTTAGE,
Listen! I heard a voice, a solemn voice,
But sweet and fervent too, like that of prayer;
Such as would make angelic breasts rejoice,
And call to hearken from their starry sphere.
From yonder cot it comes-I'll draw me near,
Its light shines like a star upon the night,
And to my wandering footsteps far more dear;
A better guide perchance, a holier light,
Leading more near to heaven than that above my sight.
Oh, 'tis a lovely scene! The grey-hair'd sire,
With lifted bands, imploring on each child
All that the lip can breathe, the soul desire,
To guide their footsteps through the world's deep
See how the glittering tears his warm cheek gild!

wild:

How rushes through the wane of years, the glow,
How beams his look, with all the father fill'd!

The ardency, intense, lights eye, lip, brow,
Which all his bosom's thoughts, hopes, fears and wishes

show.

There kneels the mother by her partner's side;
Silent her tongue, but oh how full her eyes!
Look at those sacred tears, whose gentle tide
The loudest utt'rance of the lip supplies.
Oh! what can equal her beseeching sigh?
Thither the sound of supplications high:
Vainly have nations pil'd the altar's flame,
The intensest of them all ne'er reach'd a mother's claim.

If 'tis not heard in heaven, then never came

390

Beside her, rising manhood's form,

sieur's forehand is inexpressibly beautiful, arising utes and twenty seconds-second heat, seven minfrom his long swan-like neck, small head, fine erectutes and fifty-four seconds-the best second heat ears; but more so from his expressive countenance. ever ran over that course.

Her son, her secret pride and glory, bows:
Bright in his cheek, with labour's colour warm,
The honourable that his forehead shows;
His eyes' dark glance is veil'd as it would close
Awhile to all on earth his heart deems fair,-
His lips soft moving, 'till responsive vows
Are rising to his hoary father's prayer,
Pleading with the high Heavens "Oh, guard from deep chest, close coupling, oval quarters, broad

every snare."

And yonder there's a group in happiest being,
The fairy tenant of the cottage dome,
Kneeling before the eye of Him, all-seeing,

Who watches of their thoughts or glances' roam.
The doll untouch'd is laid before the drum;
That treasur'd instrument of loudest sound
Stands close beside its master, but as dumb
As if forgotten, on the darksome ground,

which is lighted up by a pair of uncommonly full I hereby certify that I trained and ran Pacolet in
and brilliant eyes. His neck rises and arches from all the above races, and that they are correctly stat-
his withers in fine style, giving him a gallant ap-ed. Given under my hand this 22d June, 1812.
W. R. JOHNSON.
pearance. He has the capacious, oblique shoulder,
Pacolet was sold by Mr. Johnson, immediately
after the last above stated race, to General Andrew
Jackson, of Tennessee, for the sum of three thou-
sand dollars.

lengthy thigh, large hock, and all other points
which so conspicuously present themselves to the
connoisseur in the conformation of the blood horse.
In fine, there is in his tout ensemble, a beauty and
justness of proportion, a delicacy combined with
strength and muscle, which has ever constituted the
blood horse, (when seen in perfection,) the pride
and admiration of every age.

While like night's dew-clos'd flowers they bend and upon an equality, if not superior, to any horse of his

cluster round.

Look at the little hand upon each brow,

Covering the face, before the unseen God! Listen! ye might have heard the lisped vow Like cherub echoes seeking his abode. Revile it not, despise it not, ye proud!

Nor say it is the jargon learn'd by rote, Useless and meaningless: those words allow'd Upon the youthful memory to float,

Shall be the waking chord to many a heavenly note!

Oh, lovely scene-most lovely; would that thou
Didst not bedeck the cottage bower alone,
But beneath every roof in beauty glow,

From the low hamlet to the lofty throne.

Then, England, were the smiles of Heaven thine own,
The bright paternal smiles of Deity;
Then, my lov'd country, would thy soil be known,
The hallow'd, and the blest, the truly free,
And every evening hour a nation's worship see.

LEAP YEAR.

The following is extracted from an old volume printed in 1606, entitled "Courtship, Love and Matrimonie:"

"Albeit, it is nowe become a parte of the Com mon Lawe, in regard to the social relations of life, that as often as every bissextile year doth return, the ladyes have the sole privilege, during the time it continueth, of making love unto the men, which they may doe either by wordes or lookes, as unto them it seemeth proper: and moreover, no man will be entitled to the benefit of Clergy who dothe refuse to accept the offers of a ladye, or who dothe in any wise treate her proposal withe slight or contumely.

I enclose you, for insertion under the head of "Sporting Olio," an account of the celebrated horse Monsieur Tonson. I rode up to Milton, a few days ago, to view this horse before he took his departure for his stand in Virginia, and since I have seen him and also the subjoined advertisement, I can truly say, that his proprietors have been extremely modest in describing him and his performances on the turf.

As regards his performances on the turf, he ranks
time. With one of the proprietors of this horse,
(Mr. Thomas Watson,) I am well acquainted, and
I can recommend as a gentleman, in whom every
confidence is to be placed. He will devote his per-
sonal unremitted attention to all those mares that
may be sent to this horse, in seeing that they are
duly stinted and preserved in good condition.

AUTHOR OF "ANNALS OF THE TURF."
PACOLET.

P. S. The acknowledged and deserved celebrity of this horse, is so well known throughout the United States, as to require no additional notice respecting his figure, strength and powers; his colls are certainly among the best in the union. G. E.

Pacolet is the sire of the celebrated racer Mon

sieur Tonson, who will shortly take his stand for the spring season, at the Nottoway race course, (Col. Jeter's,) virginia.

MONSIEUR TONSON

Will stand the ensuing season at Colonel Jeter's, Nottaway county, Virginia, commencing the 15th February, and terminating the 1st July, and will be let to mares at fifty dollars the season, to become payable on the 1st October-seventy five dollars insuThe full-blooded and celebrated running horse Pa-rance, payable whenever the mare proves to be in foal-one dollar to the groom in every case. All colet will stand the ensuing season, commencing 10th those gentlemen who pay within the season, will be March, and ending 10th July next, at my stables, allowed ten per cent. for cash payment. The proone mile west of Gallatin, Tennessee, at $25 the prietors have made the most ample arrangements season, which may be discharged by the payment to have mares well attended to that may be sent to of $20, if paid previously to the 10th July-$40 the this horse; having rented several large fields, and insurance, or $12 the single leap. Mares pas ured had a considerable quantity of wheat sowed for pasand grain fed at one dollar per week. Care will be turage, with the addition of a good stock of grain taken to prevent accidents or escapes, but without and forage for feeding them. They have also enresponsibility on my part for either. gaged an extensive suit of stables at the stand, sufficient for a hundred mares, to secure them from the inclemency of bad, rainy weather. These arPedigree on the sire's side-Pacolet was got by the rangements, together with the personal attention of imported horse Citizen, (see American Farmer, No. one of the subscribers, assisted by faithful ostlers 39, page 310, for a full account of Citizen's pedi provided for the purpose, will be a warrant, it is gree and performances on the turf in England;) is hope, that mares will be well treated and returned dam (Pacolet's,) by Tippoo Saib, he by Lindsey's to their owners in good condition. No responsibiliArabian, Pacolet's granddam by Brimmer, Babra-ty for accidents or escapes, but every exertion will ham, Jolly Roger, &c. Brimmer, a celebrated ra- be made to prevent them. cer, by the imported horse Valiant--Babraham by the imported horse Juniper, out of the imported mare Selin.a, by the Godolphin Arabian.

GEORGE ELLIOTT.

Sumner county, Feb. 14th, 1825.

Performance on the Turf

1811, Spring meeting-Then three years old, he started for a sweepstakes over the Halifax turf, mile heats, and was second to Mr. Machin's colt, by Diomed. Pacolet was quite lame, though he lost only a few inches.

1811, Fall meeting-Then three years old; he started for a sweepstakes over Spring-hill course, seven subscribers a $200 each, which he won with great ease at two heats, running two mile heats, and beating Mr. Goode's bay colt, by Citizen, and Col. Holcomb's filley, by Citizen-the others paid forfeit.

1811, same season-he received forfeit from five colts, over the Belfield course, $100 each. The day after this, he run for the Proprietor's purse, which he won with great ease, beating Mr. Burwell Wilke's horse Monroe, by Wonder, and several others.

1811, same season-he started for a sweepstake over the Newmarket course, two mile heats, six subscribers, $200 each, which he won at three heats, beating Col. William Allen's horse Conqueror, by Wonder, and distancing Mr. Haxall's Cup Bearer, by Sir Harry-the others paid forfeit.

DESCRIPTION.--Monsieur Tonson is five feet three inches high, a beautiful blood bay, with black legs, mane and tail, with a most beautiful coat of hair, which, for sleekness and fineness, is seldom equalled and never exceeded, which is highly indicative of his great purity of blood.

He possesses great beauty and corresponding symmetry, and combines as many, or more racing points than any other horse now in America. That, together with his distinct blood from the Archie and Diomed stock, renders him so highly valuable and such an acquisition to this part of the country, possessing those strains of blood which are held in such high estimation by judicious sportsmen and breeders-we allude to the Citizen, Gallatin and Medley. Strains which he so fully combines in his pedigree, and which renders him so fine and remote a cross upon the stock of horses of the present day. Much more could be said, but the gentlemen of the turf and breeders in Virginia and North Carolina, are too generally acquainted with the beneficial results from judicious crosses, to require any thing but their own judgment and discretion to induce then to embrace the present opportunity of improving their stock.

PEDIGREE.-On the sire's side, Monsieur Tonson was got by Pacolet; Pacolet by the imported horse Citizen; be by Pacolet, of England; he by Blank, I viewed him with admiration, and was forcibly 1812, Spring meeting-Then four years old, he and he by the Godolphin Arabi -n; Citizen's dam, reminded of the high formed stallions in England started for the Jockey Club purse, four mile heats, Princess, by Turk; he by Regulus; and he by the of former days-he much resembles Shakspeare, over the Fairfield course, which he won at two Godolphin Arabian: his grandam, Fairy Queen by (particularly in his forehand,) as the likeness of this beats, beating Mr. Wynn's mare Roxana, Mr Wat-young Cade; he by old Cade; and he by the Gohorse is given in Lawrence's splendid work. Mon-son's Maria, and five others. First heat, eight min-dolphin Arabian; his great grandam, Routh's Black

POST OFFICE.

The following is stated in a report from the Post Master General, to be the nett amount accruing at each Post office in each state and territory of the United States for the last year:

New York,

Maine.
New Hampshire,

Vermont,
Massachusetts,

Delaware.

Virginia,
North Carolina,
South Carolina,

Ohio,

Kentucky,

ledged to have been the best four mile race ever Tennessee,

Alabama,

Louisiana,

Indiana,

Illinois,

Missouri,

Eyes, by Crab, out of the Warlock Galloway by diseased with the thrush, owing to which he was
Suake, Ball Galloway, Curwen's Bay Barb. The not run in that country. Early in the spring of
dam of Pacolet was Čol Eppe's grey mare by Tip- 1826, Henry M. Clay, Esq. purchased an interest in
poo Saib, (she was also the dam of several race him, and travelled him to Milton, North Carolina,
horses, among them Pallafox, Wilkes' Wonder, &c ) a distance of twelve or thirteen hundred miles, ar-
Tippoo Saib by Lindsey's Arabian. For an account riving in June; and in July, put him into training
of this horse, see American Farmer, No. 28, vol. 9 for the fall races, and commenced his racing career
Pacolet's grandam by Brimmer; he by the imported in this country, by winning the jockey club purse at
horse Valiant; he by Dormouse, and he by the Go-Milton, 21st of Sept. beating Capt. Harrison's Juliet,
dolphin Arabian. The dam of Brimmer by the in-two mile beats. The week after, he won the jockey
ported horse Jolly Roger. Pacolet's great grandam club purse at Caswell Court House, beating Sally
by Babraham; he by the imported horse Juniper, Walker, two mile heats. On the 19th of October Rhode Island,
Connecticut,
out of Col Tasker's imported mare Selima, by the following, after travelling a distance of 150 miles,
Godolphin Arabian; Juniper by Babraham of Eng he won the jockey club purse at Tree Hill, beating
New Jersey,
land, and he by the Godolphin Arabian. Pacolet's Ariel, Gohanna, and Blenheim, four mile heats Pennsylvania,
great, great grandam by the imported horse Jolly Two weeks after, he won the jockey club purse at
Roger. On the side of the dam, Monsieur Tonson's Belfield, beating Sally Walker, Ariel, and Lafayette, Maryland,
dam was got by Top Gallant; he by Gallatin; Gal-three mile heats. The next week; he won the jockey
latin by the imported horse Bedford, out of import-club purse at New Hope, beating Shakspeare, three
ed mare by Mambrino. Bedford by Dungannon. mile heats. Two weeks after, he won the jockey
one of the best sons of the celebrated English club purse at Boydton, beating the famous mare Georgia,
Eclipse. The dam of Top Gallant by Wildair; be Sally Walker, four mile heats. This was acknow
by Fearnaught; he by Regulus, and he by the Go
dolphin Arabian. The dam of Wildair by Jolly run in Virginia, having been run over a very tough.
Roger, out of the imported mare Kitty Fisher. The heavy track; first heat, in 7m. 55s; second heat, 7m.
grandam of Top Gallant by the imported horse 54s. In the spring of 1827, he was put into train Mississippi,
Othello (commonly called Black-and-all black,) he ing with the view of running for the great stake at
by old Crab, out of the famous Miss Slammerkin Tree Hill, but becoming lame, he was turned out,
Monsieur Tonson's grandam by grey Medley; he and so far recovered from his lameness as to war
by Hart's old imported Medley. The dam of grey rant the hope of his being able to run in the fall.
Medley by Skipwith's Black-and all black; grandam And in September, he won the jockey club purse
by Bay Bolton; he by Bay Bolton of England, out at Caswell Court House, beating Capt. Harrison's
the imported mare Blossom; great grandam by old horse Frantic, three mile heats. From the previous
Partner; great, great grandam by Longsdale; great, injury of the tendon of his left fore leg, he broke
great, great grandam by old Fearnaught. Skip-down early in the second heat of this race, having
with's Black-and-all-black by the imported horse to run nearly the whole of the heat, as was evident
Brunswick; he by Oronoko; he by old Crab, out of to the spectators, on the other three legs. Thus
Miss Slammerkin. Black-and-all black by Ariel, full ended the racing career of this noble animal; hav-
brother to old Partner, being got by Morton's Traveling beaten all his competitors every distance (long
ler out of Selima, by the Godolphin Arabian. Longs- or short,) with considerable ease, clearly demon
dale was got by Jolly Roger, out of an imported strating his superiority, whether they run for speed
mare, bred by Sir John Ramsden and got by Mon- or bottom, which justly entitles him to rank with
key; her dam, Lord Longsdale's Black Arabian, the best horses of the age. THOMAS WATSON,
Bay Arabian, Coneyskins, &c. Monsieur Tonson's
great grandam by the imported horse Oscar; he by
young Snip; his dam by Lord Morton's Arabian;
grandam by old Crab; great grandam by the Bald
Galloway; great, great grandam by the Darley Ara- ting match took place between a horse owned by
MONTREAL, Feb. 2.-On Wednesday last a trot-
bian. The great, great grandam of Monsieur Ton- Mr. Samuel Cutter, and a mare belonging to Mr.
son by the imported horse Fearnaught; he by Regu Oliver Waite. The distance trotted was about 18
lus, and he by the Godolphin Arabian. Thus it is miles, (from the Hay Market in this city to Lachine,
evident, from the above pedigree, that Monsieur and "back again," as Donald says,) which was per-
Tonson is descended from the most valuable blood formed in about 70 minutes, Mr. Waite's mare
in this country, including that of Citizen. Gallatin, gaining the match by a few rods. This is consider
Medley, Wildair, Fearnaught, Jolly Roger, Va-ed great speed, as the roads were heavy and uneven
liant, old Partner, &c., and goes directly back in all on account of the recent snow storm.
his crosses to the most approved blood of England,
particularly that of the Godolphin Arabian, of which
celebrated horse he partakes of more than a dozen
different crosses.

January 30, 1828

ABNER ROBINSON.

TROTTING MATCH.

MISCELLANEOUS.

INQUIRIES.

Michigan Territory,
Arkansas Territory,
Florida Territory,
District of Columbia,

Grand total,

PLAISTERING LATHS, &c.

Mr. Lewis Wernwag, of Virginia, near Harper's ferry, has set in motion, at his valuable saw mill, a machine for cutting plaistering laths, sash stuff, &c. By this improvement, 1000 laths can be sawed in an hour, of such uniformity of size as to make every one fit for use. They will cause a vast saving, both of labour and expense, requiring less mortar, and enabling the workmen to make a true wall without the use of straight edge, float, &c.

Mr. W. contemplates applying the improvement also to the making of shingles. His enterprize, ingenuity, and improvements, besides his talents at bridge building, have rendered him a highly valuahope he may meet, from public spirited citizens, ble member of the community; and we sincerely such aid and encouragement as will enable him to give full scope to his talents and enterprize. [Free Press.

Gettysburg, Penn., Jan. 16.

A stranger, apparently about forty-five years of age, of genteel appearance, came to Mrs. Winrott's inn, in this town, on Monday morning last, and complaining of indisposition, was shown a room, where he remained during the day, and it is supposed took a quantity of opium, as some of the article was found in his pocket. He was discovered in an insensible state in the evening, and every means

PERFORMANCE-Monsieur Tonson made his first
appearance upon the turf in 1824, then two years Sir,-Permit me to ask, through you, Alexander
old, and was beaten mile heats by Mr. A. B Shelby's Macomb, Esq., or any other who may be able to
Pacolet filly Maria, in consequence of being lame answer it, a question relative to the tapia work, he
and out of order. Three weeks after, he won the describes in so interesting a manner in the Farmer,
two year old stake at Cairo, Tennessee, mile heats, for January 26, 1827. Is a house built of tapia not
was used to relieve him in vain-he died in a few
beating the above filly of Mr. Shelby's and others. subject to damp? or would it probably be in a
In the spring of 1825, then three years old, he won northern climate? Sweating walls are unwhole-hours. There was nothing about him to lead to a
He
the jockey club purse at Gallatin, two mile heats some and unpleasant. If my fears on that point are
discovery of his name, or whence he came.
had stated that he had traded to New Orleans. In
In the fall of the same year, he won the great colt removed, I feel disposed to try the experiment.
stake at Gallatin, mile heats, eleven entries, $200 There is another question I have an anxious de- his hat were some paintings, and in his pocket book
each, beating Mr. Connally's Pacolet filly, Mr. Shel sire to have answered, and yet I fear it interferes were written these lines:
by's Maria, Colonel Smith's Andrew Jackson, and too much with the secrets of a particular art. How-
others. Time of the first heat, 1m. 50s; second ever, there is no sin in asking. How is the finish
heat, Im. 51s. A few days after, he won the jockey ing coat, in the beautiful plaister work, in imitation
club purse at Florence, Alabama, beating Andrew of marble, prepared and laid on?

Jackson and others. He was then travelled from A correct answer to these two queries, I should
Florence to Natchez, with the view of running him, consider a full compensation for the yearly cost of
there and at New Orleans, but on his way he was the American Farmer. Yours, &c.
taken with the distemper, and his feet became J. S. SKINNER, Esq.

GEO. JENKINS.

Let me live, and let me die,

And never a stone tell where I lie.

Two scions put into the body of a small pear tree but two inches over, in May last, standing in the garden of Mr. J Edgerly, of Sandbornton, grew in all their branches exclusive of the original scions, the present season, fifty-six feet and eleven inches!

HOGS.

excuse us, if they could see the difficulty in the Immense numbers of hogs have been driven into way. If they could see the number of unanswered North and South Carolina, Virginia and Georgia-the office with its indispensable business-this matletters, and the constant occupation of the clerk in pork is consequently plenty and cheap. "I, John Fletcher, keeper of the turnpike gate atter of distributing rare seed, which are sent, we Cumberland river, do certify that there have pass-may say, from all parts of the world, to the office of ed this gate, in the year 1827, one hundred and five thousand five hundred and seventeen (105,517,) hogs." [Western Carolinian.

RECIPES.

CURE FOR DEAFNESS.

Equal parts of the juice of house-leek, brandy and sweet oil in a phial, to be hung up exposed to the sun for a month or more. This dropped in the ear at night, and on wool to be kept in the ear-a sure remedy for deafness.

POULTRY.

It is said, that hens may be made to lay eggs during the winter season, when their laying powers are usually dormant, by the following cheap and simple means: "Dilute and mix 2 ounces glauber salts in a dish of cold porridge, or any other food, and scatter the same well about the poultry yard, so that no bird may eat too much; and if the effects are not apparent in two or three days, repeat the dose at short intervals, till the accumulation of eggs indicate that you have gone far enough."

HORSE CHESTNUT DYE.

SINCLAIR & MOORE,

GARDEN SEEDS.

Prall-street wharf, Baltimore, offer for sale, Clover, Timothy, Orchard Grass, Herds Grass, Lucerne, The following FIELD and GARDEN SEEDS: Red Millet, Mangel Wurzel, Ruta Baga, Early Potatoes, amongst them are, the Early English Kidney, Mercer, the American Farmer for distribution and experi- and Willes, Spring Rye, early Golden Souix Corn, large ment, would, of itself, give occupation to a clerk, if we Scotch Cabbage, Rape, Turnip, Maryland and Cuba could afford to pay one; and so we could and would Tobacco Seed. do, if subscribers in arrears would pay what they owe! There is, too, some discouragement arising from the fact, that of the hundreds upon hundreds of cases, where seed has been thus sent into every state in the Union, so few reports of the result of experiments with them have been sent for publi cation. Nevertheless, we shall persevere in the good work, as far as we have time to do it, taking care never to let official duties be neglected-and here we are proud to challenge any complaint of want of attention and civility, and fidelity in the intercourse of the publick with the Post Office.

Alfalfa seed, sent by Com. Jones from the Mediter-
There is now in the Farmer office a keg of the

ranean, for which see his letter in this number.

Early Frame, Dwarf, and Tall Marrowfat Peas, Early York, large York, Early and Late Savoy, Sugar Loaf, Drumhead, and other Cabbage Seeds, Scarlet, Salmon, Long White and Turnip Radish, Beet, Carrot, Parsnip, Lettuce, Bird Seed, Herbs and Flower Seed, &c. Cauliflower, Brocoli, Beans assorted, Onions assorted,

large and small, as usual, Fruit Trees of sorts, and IMPLEMENTS OF HUSBANDRY, generally, both Thorn Quicks, Grape Cuttings and Plants, of the most approved kinds-all which can be taken from their Nursery near the town, when ordered, and will be sold low for cash, or acceptances in town.

BALTIMORE PRICES CURRENT.

There is also a large bag of the seed of the Nankin Corrected for the American Farmer, by Edward I. Willson, Commission Merchant and Planters' Agent, cotton, which is naturally of a deep and enduring No. 11, Borly's wharf. Nankin colour, sent by John Mitchell, Esq., of TOBACCO.--Scrubs, $4.00 a 7.00-ordinary, 2.50 a 3.50 Gates' county, N. C. Of the first, any one who will call at the office, can have a pint; of the latter, halfred, 3.50 a 4.00-fine red, 4.00 a 4.50-wrapping, 6.00 a 9.00-Ohio yellow and red, 4.00 a 7.00-Yellow, a gallon. To those who cannot call, half an ounce 7.00 a 20.00. may be sent. There are also beans unknown in The rates of Tobacco continue about the same as this neighbourhood, Bene seed, and various other last week. seeds. From Mr. Colt, of N. Jersey, we received, and FLOUR-white wheat family, $6.00 a 6 25—sup. Howhave distributed, nearly all of a small parcel of cot- ard-street, 5.00 a 5.124; city mills, 4.75; SusquehanA permanent buff, or nankeen dye for muslin, ton in the seed, from trees in Otaheite, which grow na, 4.75-CORN MEAL, bbl. 2.62-GRAIN, best red wheat linen, cotton, silk, or woollen cloths, may be ob- as large as our largest peach trees, and yield abun-.95 a 97-best white wheat, .95 a 1.10-ordy. to good, tained from the horse chestnuts. For the buff co-dantly-from Mr. Prince, a few seed of the Isa-.85 a .95--CORN, .35 a .36—RYE, 45 a. 47-OATS, 21 a.23 lour, take the whole fruit, husk and all, when quite bella grape-Spanish black beans, very rich and deyoung; cut it small, and put it into cold soft water, licate, brought by Lieut. Campbell, from Vera Cruz with as much soap as will just cloud or discolour-from General Harwood, of Annapolis, some seed the water. When deep enough, pour off the clear of the sweet-scented Cuba tobacco, reared by part, and dip whatever is to be dyed, till it is the colour required. For the nankeen colour, take the husks of the fruit only; cut or break them small; steep them in soft water, with soap as above, and dye in the same manner.

The husks may be used for the buff dye, after the kernels are formed; but it is only when they are the most imperceptible that the whole fruit is used, and the brightness of the buff colour diminishes as the husk ripens, till when quite ripe the dye is most [Masonic Mirror.

like nankeen.

TO CLEAN MOULDINGS OF CARRIAGES.

Take one table-spoonful of rotten stone, finely levigated, two ounces and a half of spirit of vitriol, two ounces and a half of spirit of wine, and one pint of water, wine measure; put the spirit of wine in last, and a few small pebbles to help in shaking. Apply it with a piece of thick flannel, then rub it off with a piece of moist leather, afterwards with a dry flannel.

THE FARMER.

BALTIMORE, FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 22, 1828.

him. We doubt if any of the peculiar flavour of
the original plant will be preserved beyond the se-
cond year's growth. Like the wines of France, it
depends on soil as well as climate.

ALFALFA SEED.

U. S. ship Brandywine,
J. S. SKINNER, Esq. Valparaiso, 22d Nov. 1827.
you by the Peruvian, bound to your port, a keg of
Dear Sir, I have just time to say that I send
what is named here Alfalfa seed. It is a trefoil with
a straight stalk, attaining, in the fields here, the
height of three or four feet, with a small blue blos
som.

It is sowed broadcast, and I observe they sow it
very thin; yet it makes a heavy crop. It is the only
grass cultivated in Chili or Peru. It succeeds best
in moist ground, and is cut two and three times a
year. It is, I think, the Alpestre, or long-leaved
purple trefoil.

I wish you could have it raised by some careful
persons in both sorts of land, dry and moist.
Respectfully, yours,
JACOB JONES.

ERRATA. In page 362, 2d column, to end of 2d paragraph, add: of fruit, particularly pears; and two lines The Trustees of the Maryland Agricultural below, for pasture, read parterre. In page 373, 3d coSociety will please attend a meeting, without fur-lumn, 13th line, for argumentum ad passimum, read arther notice, at the residence of J. B. Morris, Esq., on gumentum ad pessimum. Thursday next, the 28th February, at 12 o'clock.

A SITUATION WANTED AS MANAGER OF
A FARM.

DISTRIBUTION OF SEED.-We are grieved at The advertiser being well acquainted with the manthe apprehension that very many of the most esteemed patrons of this journal may think them-agement of a farm, would wish to be employed in that capacity. Satisfactory recommendations will be given. selves slighted, in not being supplied with a small A line addressed to A.D. and left at the office of the portion of the seed which are left in the office for American Farmer, will be immediately attended to. gratuitous distribution; but we are sure they would February 19th, 1828.

-BEANS, .80 a 1.00-PEAS, .45 a .50-CLOVER seed, 4.50 a 5.00--TIMOTHY, 1.75 a 2.00-BARLEY, .60 a .62—

FLAXSEED,.75 a .80-COTTON, Virginia, .94 a.10-Louisiana, .10 a 13-Alabama, 9 a 12-Mississippi, .10 a .13-N. Carolina, .9 a . .104—Georgia, .9 a .10-WHIS. KEY, in hhds. 1st proof, .22-in bbls. 23 a 23-WOOL, common, unwashed, .15 a. 16-washed, .18 a.20-three quarter, .25 a 30-full do. .30 a 35-HEMP, Russia, ton, $280--Country, dew-rotted, ton, 136 a 140-waterrotted, 170 a 190-FISH, Shad, Susquehanna, No. 1, bbl. 6 00 a 6.50; do. do. trimmed, 6 50 a 7.00-Herrings, No. 1, bbl. 2.87 a 3.00; No. 2, 2.621-Mackerel, No. 1, 5.75; No. 2, 5.37, No. 3, 4.50-BACON, hams, Balt. cured, .9; do. Eastern Shore, .124-hog round, cured, .6 a .7— Feathers, .26 a .28.

CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER.
House of Representatives in Congress, to which have
Report of the Committee on Manufactures, in the
been referred the numerous petitions and memorials on
the subject of further protecting Duties on Imports→→
Arthur Young's Agricultural Experiments, continued,
on Oats and Buckwheat, with observations by J. Buel-
On the Comparative Profit of the cultivation of Cotton
and Sugar-Conquest and Improvements; or, Sword
versus Plough-Extract of a Letter from B. B. Cooper,
Esq. on the Culture of Fruit Trees and Manufacture of
Cider-The Culture of the Vine and Manufacture of
Wine in Virginia, by Josiah Lockhart-Letters to the

Editor on the Baltimore and Ohio Rail-road, by Wm. H..
Denny, Esq., of Pittsburg-Poetry, Family Worship in
a Cottage-Leap Year and Courtship-Pedigree and
Performances of the blooded horses Pacolet and Mon-
sieur Tonson; Stand of Monsieur Tonson for the ensu-
ing season-Trotting Match at Montreal-Inquiries on
Tapia and Plaistering-Nett Produce of Post Office De-
partment-Invention for making Plaisterers' Laths, by
Mr. Lewis Wernwag-Death of a Stranger in Gettys-
burg, Pa.-Immense number of Hogs driven to the
South-Recipes, Cure for Deafness; To make Poultry
lay Eggs; Horse Chestnut Dye; To Clean Mouldings of
Carriages-Editorial, Distribution of Seed; Descriptions
lately received; Alfalfa Seed from Com. Jacob Jones-
Advertisements-Prices Current.

Printed every Friday, at Five Dollars per annum, for
JOHN S. SKINNER, Editor, by JOHN D. TOY, corner
of St. Paul and Market-sts.