late to save the life of his friend. The leopard had any good runners, to all his stock he gave great females of every family should not be indulged in torn open the jugular vein, and so dreadfully man-perfection of form, and his blood flows in the veins the opportunity of visiting the exhibition. It may gled the throat of the unfortunate man, that bis of some of the best horses of the present day. Make be supposed that the most ingenious and thrifty death was inevitable; and his comrade had only what use you please of this statement; I will stand housewife, may there gain some information-may the melancholy satisfaction of completing the des corrected in my narrative, by any person who can see in the domestic manufactures, some new stripe truction of the savage beast, already exhausted with produce better testimony respecting Lindsey's Ara- or stitch; and in the preparation of the wines and several deep wounds in the breast from the desbian. Your obed't servant, F. butter, the observance of some extraordinary preperate knife of the expiring huntsman. September 10, 1827. caution, or the introduction of some new process. [London Weekly Review. PEDIGREES OF VALUABLE HORSES. (Continued from page 214.) A high bred covering horse for sale. But it is not so much for what may be seen, for instruction or amusement at the exhibition of domestic fabricks by the Maryland Agricultural SoHe is a beautiful black, fifteen hands high, nine ciety, that we would urge the Farmers to bring their wives on one arm and their daughters on the years old, and elegantly formed, and for the excellence of his strain, I refer those persons who wish other, as for the double gratification which we About the year 1777 or 8, General H. Lee, of the to purchase to the following genuine pedigree. know they would experience in a visit to the FAIR cavalry, and his officers, had their attention drawn African was got by Careless, his dam by Col. OF BENEVOLENCE, which is to be held in the city, to some uncommon fine eastern horses employed in Lloyd's imported horse Old Traveller, his grand on the second day of the Cattle Show, for the most the public service-horses of such superior form and dam by the imported horse Othello, (and was full laudable purpose that ever was projected by human appearance, that the above officers were led to make sister to Mr. Anthony Water's horse True Briton) the most laudable; and, without amplification, every beneficence-yes, we repeat, in heartfelt sincerity, much inquiry respecting their history; and this his great grand dam by Old Spark, out of Queen fair reader will join us in the sentiment when we proved so extraordinary, that Captain Lindsey was Mab Spark and Queen Mab were both imported sent to examine and make more particular inquiry by the late governor Ogle of Maryland. Careless state that it is a fair to raise funds for the mainterespecting the fine cavalry which had been so much was got by col. Baylor's imported horse Fearnought; nance and education of poor FEMALE orphan chiladmired, and with instructions, that if the sire his dam by the imported horse Dove, out of the answered the description which had been given of well known high bred imported mare Camilla. him, the captain was to purchase him, if to be sold. African will be in high order for covering before The captain succeeded in purchasing the horse, the season commences. He will be sold cheap for who was taken to Virginia, where he covered at a cash, wheat or corn at market price; or he will be high price and with considerable success. exchanged for an excellent pair of bay horses, not It was not until this fine horse become old and under fifteen hands high, and young. For further feeble that the writer of these recollections rode thir-particulars apply to the subscriber at Fiat-Bush, ty miles expressly to see him. He was a white king's county, Long Island, where the horse may dren. A society, composed of kind hearted members of St. Paul's and Christ church has existed for many years, under whose benevolent assiduity and good management hundreds of poor female children, fatherless and motherless, have been saved from the miseries and vices inseparably incident to have been fed and clothed, imbued with sound extreme destitution. In the Charity School they morals and taught the means of obtaining an honest horse, of the most perfect form and symmetry, rather be seen, or to Mr. David Clarkson, in New Bruns-livelihood. This noble charity has been so far kept above fifteen hands high, and although old and wick. crippled, appeared to possess a high and gallant Flat-Bush, Feb. 1, 1788. The history of this horse, as given to me during the revolutionary war, by several respectable persons from Connecticut, at various times, is: For some very important service, rendered by the commander of a Britisis frigate, to a son of the then Emperor of Morocco, the Emperor presented this horse the most valuable of his stud) to the captain, who shipped him on board the frigate, with the san guine expectation of obtaining a great price for him, if safely landed in England. Either in obedience to orders, or from some other cause, the frigate called at one of the English West India islands, where be ing obliged to remain sometime, the captain in com passion to the horse, landed him for the purpose of exercise No convenient securely enclosed place could be found but a large lumber yard, into which the horse was turned loose; but delighted and playful as a kitten, his liberty soon proved fatal to him. He ascended one of the piles, from which and with it he fell, and broke three of his legs. At this time in the same harbour, the English captain met with an old acquaintance from one of our now eastern states. To him he offered the horse, as an animal of inestimable value could he be cured. The eastern cap tain gladly accepted the horse, and knowing he must be detained a considerable time in the island, before that he could dispose of his assorted cargo, got the horse on board his vessel, secured him in slings, and very carefully set and bound up his broken legs. It matters not, how long he remained in the harbour, or if quite cured before he arrived on our shore, but he did arrive, and he must certainly have covered several seasons, before he was noticed as first mentioned. When the writer of these remarks went to see the horse, his first attention was to examine his legs, respecting the reported fracture, and he was fully satisfied, not merely by seeing the lumps and ine qualities on the three legs, but by actually feeling the irregularities and projections of broken bones. In Connecticut (I think,) this horse was called Ranger, in Virginia (as it should be) he was called Lindsey's Arabian. He was the sire of Tulip and A. GILES. THE FARMEK. BALTIMORE, FRiday, September 28, 1827. The next meeting of the Trustees of the MA- THE DORCHESTER COUNTY CATTLE SHOW- tion and sale of Domestic Animals and Manufac- Premiums will be awarded for-CROPS, HORSES, The scheme of premiums was received too late up by the voluntary contributions of the humane and benevolent; but by some untoward circumstances the funds of the society had become so far impaired, as to make some effort necessary to save it from dissolution; and those on whose amiable exertions it has chiefly depended for support and continuance, have determined to make an appeal to the sympathy of the publick, by means of a FAIR, for the sale of such fancy articles as the fair, in their goodness, may be others may, in their bounteousness, bestow. In havdisposed to make and send for sale, and such as ing recourse to this expedient, the Female Benevolent Society, have doubtless, been encouraged by the success which attended a similar appeal in behalf of the Greeks. For the information of the ladies in the country, we should be a little more explicit as to the manner of getting up and conducting these most beautiful and praiseworthy exhibitions of ingenuity and humanity. The one to take place on the 25th of October, will be held in a very spacious room in the centre of the city. Many ladies have been appointed, each of whom will have their table; upon these tables will be spread for sale, at fixed prices, a much greater variety of pretty fancy articles than we can THE NEXT EASTON CATTLE SHOW.-To avoid undertake to describe, or even a lady's imagination interference with the Dorchester show, it has been anticipate. These articles are chiefly the work of resolved to change the time fixed for holding the ladies of Baltimore, who vie with each other in innext Cattle Show of the Maryland Agricultural Sogenuity, and taste, and generosity. In some cases, ciety at Easton. It will accordingly be held ou however, we understand that charitable ladies of Wednesday, the 31st of October, and on Thursday other cities, moved by the nobleness of the design, and Friday, the 1st and 2d days of November.-have presented beautiful specimens of fancy work. Their scheme of premiums may be found in the It is understood that the wealthy bachelors, too, of American Farmer, vol. 9, 187. our city, propose, by donations to the ladies' fair for these orphan children, to atone for having omitTHE EDITOR OF THE AMERICAN FARMER TO ted to perform one of the three cardinal and presTHE LADIES OF THE COUNTRY, respectfully sug-cribed duties of man. We shall know what has been gests,-That the next Exhibition of domestic fa sent by these gentlemen of single-blessedness, from brics, wines, and butter; under the regulations the high value that will be set upon their contribuof the Maryland Agricultural Society, will take tions by the ladies; she whose table is selected for place on Tuesday and Wednesday, the 23d and their display, may reckon herself most fortunate; 24th of next month. The place of exhibition will but they may be altogether excused, on proving that be in a beautiful wood, very near to the city, where prior to the 25th day of October next, their hand the articles sent for premium may be seen with has been rejected by any fair member of this socieconvenience and pleasure in the course of not more ty, or contributor to its fair. than one or two hours. There is no reason why the page Peradventure, when those to whom we addres ourselves propose to come to these two fairs, they What is the expense of white operatives in the prepare themselves with maps of all the good lands, may hear something about expense; but he is a bad manufacturing districts in the northern and middle and with such information as may be interesting to pur calculator, and a selfish man, who will deny this in-states--and what the expense of their maintenance? chasers. nocent and useful recreation to his wife and his These simple queries, if fairly and impartially The lands advertised for sale in December next, emdaughters. Let them come and take the opportu answered, will settle a question of the greatest in-brace a very interesting section of the Territory-benity to buy themselves, to advantage, the numerous portance in political economy-viz: Are not the hitherto offered for sale by the United States; and in a ing situated farthest south and cast of any public lands things for the use of the family-gowns for the slave states competent to manufacture all the coarse region of country admirably adapted to the growth of wives, and bonnets for the daughters, which are now goods of cotton, provided they employed their young the grand staples of our Territory; sugar cane and sea bought by unskilfu! agents. Besides, let us say, in slaves and females, and furnish them with machines island cotton, as well as the rearing of the silk worm, a whisper-who knows what may grow out of this at the numerous falls of the rivers which every and the cultivation of the orange and olive. One of annual meeting at a fair, of farmers' sons and daugh where abound in the cotton growing districts? the subscribers having been engaged in the survey of ters? There are too many beautiful flowers that country, is well acquainted with most of the lands "Born to blush unseen, of any value. And waste their sweetness on the desert air." Premiums of pieces of silver plate will be award and Wednesday the 23d and 24th of October, for ed at the Cattle Show at Baltimore, on Tuesday the following articles: DOMESTIC MANUFACTURES. For the best piece of Carpeting, not less For the best piece 8-4 linen Diaper, not less For the best Hearth Rug, For the second best Hearth Rug, For the best and handsomest piece 10-4 wool- do. do. do. $8.00 A NEW DISPENSATORY.-Towar & Hogan, No. 255 Market street, Philadelphia, have in press, and will publish about the first of October next, "The Eclectic Dispensatory," containing a synopsis of pharDublin colleges, with many of those of the most lacy and materia medica, both American and foreign, the formula of the London, Edinburgh and celebrated physicians, of this and the last century; and also of the most common empirical medicines: with a variety of other knowledge relating immediately to the exhibition and preparation of medicines, collated from the best authorities. The subscribers will, upon requisition, either enter or purchase lands, and all letters addressed to them, (post paid) will be promptly attended to. REFERENCES. Col. James Gadsden, Tallahassee, Florida; Col. John William' county. Va.; Major Byrd C. Wilis, FredeGamble, Richmond, Va.; Hon. A. G. Dade, Prince ricksburg, Va.; John Macrae, Esq. Prince William county, Va.; Major W. F Thornton, Alexandria, D. C., and George Winchester, Esq. Baltimore. C. BRONAUGH, Tallahassee, July, 1827. HENRY WASHINGTON. The work will contain nearly double the matter of any other Dispensatory yet published, bearing FOR SALE, directly on the practical operations of the physician, & Wm. Martin's, corner of Calvert and Pratt-streets. About 200 bushels Red Seed Wheat.-Apply at James and excluding any thing which has not this object. 5 00 The formula of empirical medicines are added, to assist in putting down the sale of these articles, by removing the mystery which alone renders them popular. 5 00 5 00 4 00 3 00 2.00 BALTIMORE PRICES CURRENT. Reported for the American Farmer, by Lewis Sutton & Co. TOBACCO, the growth of Maryland, is nearly as the last week; a good deal continues to come up the baysales compared to those two or three weeks past are for Maryland-Standard prices the same. not so good, yet there is a steady demand at low prices ping, 6.00 a 7.00-Cuba, 18.00 a 23.00. SMITH'S COTTON AND CORN PLANTER. 4 00 DEAR SIR, Baltimore, September 5, 1827. 3.00 In reply to "a Southern Planter," in your paper of 200 the 31st ult. who wishes to know whether the cultivator Seconds, as in quality, $3.50 a 6 00-common crop, 100 can be worked to an advantage in land cleared of all 3.00 a 3.50-Do. red, 4.00 a 4.50-good red, 5.00 a 6.00 200 other impediments but stumps, I beg leave to remark Fine red, 7.00 a 8.00-Yellow and red, 7.00 a 10.00100 that when the operator meets with a stump, the machine, Yellow Ohio, 5.50 a 1.00-Fine do. and Maryland 15.00 which is about the size of a wheel-barrow, must be moved round it, and, consequently, if these interrup-nock, (none)-Kentucky, fine, 3.50 a 6.00--do. wrapa 20.00 Virginia fat and fine, 5.00 a 8.00- Rappahantions occur often, much time will be lost This is the only difficulty. Wherever a seeding plough can work, the cultivators may be used. It must be recollected 9 00 that they are intended to form the list (at one draught preparatory for planting; and it is to be supposed that every planter breaks up his land with the plough or hoe, previous to this operation. The cultivators are extra fixtures to be applied for listing, hoeing or hilling, as occasion requires-and these may or may not accompany the machine, which will make a difference of six or eight dollars, in the cost. As I intend making Baltimore my future place of residence, all letters for me must be directed here. Persons to the south, who may wish to have either the "Rice Planter," or the Corn and Cotton Planter," are requested to inform me of it immediately, that they may be shipped to Charles-10-middlings, .7 a.1-hog round, .7-WHISKEY, per ton or Savannah before the navigation closes; and be hhd .26 a 27-do. bbl. .27 a .28-Feathers, 26 a .28— particular to mention whether they plant the long or Beef, on the hoof, 4.50 a 5.00-hogs, do. 3.50 a 4.00short staple cotton, as a slight difference is made in the Mutton, do. 1.50 a 2.00-Veal, do. .50 a 3.00-Chickconstruction, on account of the seed of one flowing ens, per doz. 1.50 a 2.00-Butter, best new, .25 a.914. more freely than the other. TOBACCO-Inspections in the three State WareJ. S. SKINNER, Esq. houses, for the week ending yesterday morning. No. 1, 120-2, 153-3, 153-Total, 426 hhds. 10.00 10 00 10 00 8 00 8 00 To afford the means of more clearly illustrating the question which is in the course of discussion in the American Farmer--to wit: How far can slave labour be employed with advantage in manufactories of coarse cottons, cotton bagging, &c. the fol lowing queries are respectfully submitted by the Editor of that paper. Editors of papers in the Southern states, would render an essential service to the much depressed agriculture of the south, by copying these queries: Are slaves ever profitably employed as operatives in cotton or other manufactories, where machinery is used? At what price can slaves be hired in various parts of those states where water power can be procured? At what price can young slaves, between 8 and 16 years old, be purchased in Maryland and Virginia. at the present time? Is it true that administrators and executors are unable to hire slaves of the above description, in Virginia and Maryland, at the rate of $10 per year? What is the cost of clothing and feeding negroes of the above description during the year? Yours, &c. FRANCIS H. SMITH. ORCHARD GRASS SEED. FLOUR-best family, $6 00-superfine, 5.00 a 5.124per bbl. 2.75-GRAIN, white wheat, best 90 a 1.00-red city mills, 4.75-Susquehanna, 4.25 a 4.75-CORN MEAL, do. .80 a.86--ordinary, 60 a.75--CORN, .43 a 45-RYE, 40-OATS, .20 a 25-BEANS, .90 a 1.00-PEAS, .8% a. 40— CLOVER Seed, 4.00 a 4.50---TIMOTHY 3.00-BARLEY, .58 a.75-FLAXSEED, .65 a 75-COTTON, Virginia, 84 a.10 -North Carolina, .84 a .91-Louisiana, .11 a. 13-Tennessee, .9 a.10-Alabama, .10 a.11-WooL, washed, 18 a 22-unwashed', .16-crossed blood, .20 a 22-half do..24 a .26-three-quarter do. .28 a .30-full blood, .30 a 35-FISH, Herrings, 2.75 a 2.874-Shad, 6.00 a 7.00 Mackerel, 3.75 a 4.25 a 5.75-BACON, Balt. hams, .9 a CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER. The subscribers will receive, in the course of the Answer to Inquiries relative to Middle Florida, prothose wishing to supply themselves, had better send in from Gen Lafayette, by David B. Macomb, Esq.-On the present week, a parcel of clean Orchard Grass Seed-pounded by a gentleman in Switzerland, with a letter their orders, as the article is very scarce, and in great employment of Cotton for bagging, and the employ demand. STARR & McCORMICK. Ballimore, Sept. 24th, 1827. FLORIDA LAND AGENCY. The subscribers, have opened an office in the city of ment of Slaves in the South for the manufacture of coarse cottons-Culture of Hemp in Russia-Great Crop of Ruta Baga in Virginia-Inquiries on a Rotation of Crops-Cotton Manufacture in Great Britain-Premium for Cotton in Savannah-Prospect of Crops in N. C.-Wm. Prince on the Vine-Letters from D & C. Landreth on the Native Grape, Osage Orange, and Japanese Apple-Canal proposed from Annapolis to Washington-Early Education of Children, JusticeLeopard Hunting-Pedigrees of Valuable Horses conti Such is the peculiar character of the lands in Florida and their productions, that as yet very erroneous opinions have prevailed among persons at remote distances from this territory, in relation to their true cha-nued, Lindsey's Arabian, African-Editorial, Prices. racter. The subscribers will make the most minute examinations of the public lands now vacant, as well as those which may hereafter be offered for sale. They will Printed every Friday, at Five Dollars per annum, for JOHN S. SKINNER, Editor, by JOHN D. Toy, corner of St. Paul and Market-sts. No. 29.-VOL. 9. AGRICULTURE. AMERICAN FARMER-BALTIMORE, OCTOBER 5, 1827. MANUFACTURE OF COTTON IN THE COTTON BAGGING, CORDAGE, &C. RECOMMENDED TO In regard to a meeting at Natchez, on the 25th of July, the Editor of the Ariel says-that the meeting was attended by citizens of all parties. Joseph E. Davis, Esq. was unanimously called to preside over its deliberations, a gentleman known to be of the "opposition." It certainly must be a satisfaction to every American patriot to see, that notwithstanding the people of this county may differ as to men, yet they will give to measures all the merit and all the support they deserve. 225 2. Resolved, That as a means of accomplishing that cotton bagging, equal in quality to the hemp this object, we will use goods manufactured from bagging imported from Scotland, can be furnished cotton, particularly the articles of cotton bagging, by the American manufacturer for 16 cents per cotton blankets, and cotton clothing for our slaves, yard. The same gentleman, from experiments made and for such articles also of our own clothing as by himself, is confident in the opinion, that the armay be deemed suitable and adapted to our cliticle of cotton may be advantageously substituted mate, provided they can be obtained on reasonable for hemp in the manufacture of cordage. The warmth, durability, and cheapness of cotton 3. Resolved, That we will promote the manufac-point it out as an article altogether suitable for the turing interest generally, throughout the United manufacture of blankets, and coarse denims, for States, and that we will give a preference to arti- clothing not only the slaves of the South, but also cles manufactured in any section of our country, to that portion of the white population, who, either the exclusion of foreign fabrics of the same quality from economy or patriotism, are disposed to encouand price. rage domestic manufactures. terms. 7. Resolved, That the adoption of similar measures be recommended to our fellow citizens of the adjoining counties. 4. Resolved, That as a further means of advanc- Those gentlemen who have turned their inquiries ing the agricultural prosperity of our country, by to this subject, confidently believe, that the period increasing the consumption of our own produce, we is not far distant when cotton bagging, manufacturwill form ourselves into a society for the encourage-ed in the United States, will supersede entirely the ment of domestic manufactures by rewards and hemp bagging of the Scotch, and that it will be premiums for such goods as are manufactured of found in every respect equal to that manufactured cotton, and suited to our country. from the article of hemp. The southern people are The third proposition of the resolutions was op- 5. Resolved, That a subscription paper be forth- particularly interested in promoting the manufacposed by Dr. Wm. N. Mercer, and supported by with circulated for this purpose, and that the sub-ture of cotton bagging, cotton blankets, and cotton R. J. Walker, Esq. Mr. Walker stated that the scribers now present proceed to the election of a clothing; and it is gratifying to observe that they object of the meeting was to increase the consump-committee to draft a constitution for the society, to are manifesting a lively interest on the subject. tion of cotton, and that in no way could that desira- be reported on the first Wednesday in December Why should not the capitalist and manufacturer ble end be more effectually attained than by encou- next. of this city embark in this business? Can there be raging the domestic market. Within a few years a 6. Resolved, That a committee of three be ap- a more eligible point than Cincinnati? or any spenew purchaser has arisen for the staple of Missis-pointed to procure subscribers. cies of manufacture that would more certainly resippi, the American manufacturer. Thousands of pay enterprise than that of which we have been bales of cotton are already manufactured by our speaking. countrymen. How shall we increase the demands of this new purchaser, is an interesting question to the cotton growing states. We will increase it greatly by introducing articles manufactured out of cotton into more general use amongst ourselves; but will we not increase the consumption to a still greater extent by inducing, if possible, the citizens of the non-cotton growing states, to unite with us in bringing the article into more general use amongst themselves. But a small portion of the citizens of the northern and middle states clothe themselves in cottons. If we can induce them to abandon the We are authorized to state, that a premium of silks and linens introduced from abroad, and wear fifty dollars will be paid for the best piece of bagging, articles manufactured out of American cotton, by manufactured from cotton, to contain not less than American manufacturers, we gain much. Let us 50 yards; to be 424 inches wide, equal in texture then meet the citizens of the now cotton growing and strength to Scotch bagging, and to weigh not states in a spirit of amity and concord, and we will less than 14 lbs. per yard. induce a reciprocal feeling. Let us purchase all A premium of twenty-five dollars for the best pair articles of the American manufacture, when we of blankets, manufactured from cottton; to be equal can attain them at a fair price, and the erroneous in size to the largest 34 point English blankets, idea that the different states of our confederacy have divers and hostile interest, will vanish before the test of practical experiment. Since penning the above, we have received the 8 Resolved, That the proceedings of this meet following letter from the gentleman referred to. It ing, attested by the chairman and secretary, be pub-is replete with interesting suggestions and practical lished in the papers of this city. observations. The general intelligence and accurate knowledge of the writer entitle his remarks to great consideration. The object of the meeting being announced from the chair, to be the formation of an association for the encouragement of agricultural and domestic manufactures, the following resolutions were introduced by Stephen Duncan-and being separately put, were carried, viz: 9. Resolved, That this meeting now adjourn until JOS. E. DAVIS, Chairman. Domestic Manufactures-Cotton Blankets and Cot- usually called Macinaw blankets, and not to weigh Remarks on Cotton Bagging and Cordage, and the value of Slaves as operatives in Cotton factories. SIR, Whilst our friends in the northern states deliberations of the Harrisburg Convention, on the are waiting with great anxiety for the result of the subject of the woollen bill, permit me, through your paper, to address a few remarks to our brethren of the south and west, on the manufacture of heavy cotton goods. a About a year ago, at the suggestion of a planter, piece of bagging, wholly of cotton, was manufactured by Mr. Allen, of Nashville, and the specimen was much approved by some public spirited gentlemen at Huntsville, who were induced to advertise for a contract for 25,000 yards, to be made of that A premium of twenty five dollars for the best piece material. The enlightened and patriotic citizens of At a meeting of planters, and other citizens of of denims, manufactured from cotton, to contain Adams county, Mississippi, from the same laudable Adams county, held agreeably to publick notice, at not less than 25 yards, to be 1 1-8 yards wide, twil motives, have recently turned their attention to this the City Hall, of the city of Natchez, on Wednes-led, stout and thick, and to be deemed sufficiently highly important subject, and have actually conday, the 25th day of July 1827-JOSEPH E. DAVIS, warm for clothing slaves in the winter. tracted with Mr. Rapp for 20,000 yards of that arEsq., was appointed chairman, and HENRY W. The premiums to be awarded on the 1st day of ticle, of the usual breadth, at 23 cents per yard. HUNTINGDON, secretary December, by Francis Surget, James Green and They have also offered very liberal premiums for the John E. Gillespie, of this county, or any two of best specimens of cotton cordage, cotton bagging, them. The articles to be deposited in the store of blankets, and negro clothing. In these meritorious Messrs. Postlethwaite and Babbit, in this city, who efforts, we fondly hope they will be immediately are authorized to pay the premiums. land to Louisiana: for, strange as it may appear to imitated by all the slave holding states from Marythose who have never observed for themselves, nor reflected on this matter, it is demonstrably true, that slaves are the most profitable of all operatives, in the business of manufacturing coarse fabricks, where ingenuity has furnished them with suitable machinery. In Kentucky, for instance, by the asThese premiums are to be awarded on the first sistance of trifling machines, slaves manufacture Wednesday of December next. In addition to the vast quantities of hempen bagging. We, indeed, above, we have been informed, that some gentle- scarcely see any other operatives in the great factomen of Natchez have made a contract with Mr. ries of Lexington, Paris, Danville, Shelbyville, and Rapp, of Harmony, for the manufacture of twenty other towns in Kentucky. If we except a manager thousand yards of cotton bagging; to be delivered or two, and a machinist, neither Englishmen, Scotchat 23 cents per yard. From conversations with an men, nor even New England men, are to be seen in intelligent gentleman of the South, who has given these profitable establishments. Why are slaves this subject much consideration, we have no doubt employed? Simply because experience has proved We will observe, that as there may be specimens which will not be entitled to a premium, that we Whereas, under the present extended and im have no doubt they can be sold here to the advanproved state of agriculture, the staple of our coun-tage of the manufacturers. try is likely to be produced in greater quantities [The Cincinnati Saturday Evening Chronicle, co than can be consumed; and whereas, unless the pies the above proceedings, and subjoins the folgrowth and consumption of cotton can be brought |lowing:] nearer to an equality, the price must be so reduced, as not to afford a fair profit to the grower, and embarrassment and distress must ensue. 1. Therefore, be it resolved, as the sense of this meeting, that it is essential to our prosperity as agriculturists and as citizens, deeply interested in the welfare of the country, that the raw material should be promoted and encouraged by all the means in our power. No. 29.-VOL. 9. Carbon exists in various states of combination in the fluids as well as the solids of every animal, and has been detected in the form of charcoal in the lungs. When animal substances are exposed to a high temperature in closed vessels, the charcoal which is produced differs considerably from that which is obtained by the same means from vegetables. It is more glossy in appearance, and is inci nerated with much greater difficulty. Hydrogen is universally distributed in the animal kingdom; it occurs as a constituent ingredient of all the fluids, and of many of the solids. It is invariably in a state of combination with charcoal; for, as far as we know, it has never been detected in an uncombined or separate state. It has been found in the human intestines, in the form of carburetted hydrogen. then appears in union with the various acids, as the phosphorus, muriatic, and lactic. ric acids. Magnesia occurs sparingly. It has been detected in the bones, blood, and some other substances, but always in small quantity, and chiefly in union with phosphoric acid. Silica occurs more sparingly than the preceding. It is found in the hair, urine, and urinary calculi. Iron has hitherto only been detected in the colouring matter of the blood, in bile, and in milk. Its peculiar state of combination in the blood, has given rise to various conjectures; hut a satisfactory solution of the question has not yet been obtained. In milk, it appears to be in the state of phosphate. Manganese, in oxide, has been observed, along with iron, in the ashes of hair. that they are more docile, more constant, and cheap Hence the great caution requisite in drawing con er than freemen, who are often refractory and dissi-clusions regarding the composition of animal bodies pated; who waste much time by visiting public places, The elementary substances which are considered as Lime, of which the hard parts of animals, such attending musters, elections, &c. which the opera entering into the parts of animals, are carbon, hydro-as bones and shells, are chiefly composed, is of unitive slave is not permitted to frequent. The habits gen, oxygen, azote, phosphorus, sulphur, fluoric versal occurrence. It is always in a state of comof slaves, too, are more uniform, and the deficiency acid, muriatic acid, iodine, potash, soda, ammonia, bination, and chiefly with the carbonic or phosphoof inventive genius is itself a recommendation to an lime, magnesia, silica, iron, and manganese. operative; for it is well known that a man of inventive genius can seldom endure the monotonous occupation of attending a spindle or a loom; whereas experience has amply proved that slaves are com petent, not only to these pursuits, but are capable of exercising many trades where much more intellect is required. It surely requires but little talent to draw out a thread with a mule, to join it to a spindle, or to apply the cotton to a carding apparatus. England, in the plenitude of her power, imagined that two millions of people, in her colonies, were incapable of making a hoe handle or a hobnail; and with a spirit as blind, New England now seems to imagine that the cotton growing states, with a million or two of the best operatives in the Such are the simple substances which have been world, will continue incapable of using these simple detected by chemists in the solids and fluids of animachines, which the very children of the white slaves mals; but seldom in a free state, and often in such of Europe can learn to manage in a month. The Oxygen is equally widely distributed with the various proportions of combination as renders it eradication of this gross and silly prejudice, in the preceding, in the fluids and solids of all animals. extremely difficult to determine their true condinorth and in the south, will produce a complete re- A constant supply of it from the atmosphere is in- tion. volution in public opinion with regard to manufac-dispensably necessary to the continuation of animal The compounds of organization are gelatine, albutures, in every portion of our country. To secure life. It occurs, not only in combination with other men, fibrin, mucus, urea, sugar, oils, and acids. the cotton crop of the south in cotton bagging and bodies, but probably, likewise in a separate state, Gelatine occurs in nearly a pure state in the airrope, will require 28,000 bales of cotton annually. in the air bag of fishes, in which it is found, varying bags of different kinds of fishes, as, for example, This is no inconsiderable market; but it would be in quantity, according to the species, and the depth isinglass, dissolved in hot water and allowed to cool, prodigiously augmented by the use of our cotton in at which the fishes have been caught. It is com forms jelly When a solution of tannin is dropped blankets, and coarse negro clothing. mon, in union with charcoal, forming carbonic acid. into a solution of gelatine, an union takes place, and Azotic gas is very widely distributed as a compo an insoluble precipitate of a whitish colour falls to nent part of animal substances. It occurs in almost the bottom. It is on the union of the tannin of the all the fluids, and in those solid parts which have oak bark with the gelatine of the hides, that the carbon as a base. The almost universal prevalence process of tanning leather depends. Gelatine exof this principle in animal substances, constitutes ists in abundance in different parts of animals, as one of the most certain marks by which they may bones, muscles, skin, ligaments, membranes, and be distinguished from vegetables. Azote likewise blood. It is obtained from these substances, by occurs, in an uncombined state, in the air-bag of boiling them in warm water, removing the impurisome fishes. ties, by skimming, as they rise to the surface; or, Phosphorus. This inflammable body exists, in by subsequent straining and clarifying. It is then union with oxygen, in the state of phosphoric acid, boiled to a proper consistency. It is the characterisin many of the solids and fluids of animals. Its ex-tic ingredient of the softest and most flexible parts istence, however, in an uncombined state, has not of animals. been satisfactorily determined, although there ap- Gelatine is extensively used in the arts, under the pears a tendency to refer the luminousness of seve names of glue and size, on account of its adhesive ral animals to the slow combustion of this sub- quality, and to give the requisite stiffness to certain stance. Even phosphoric acid can scarcely be said to articles of manufacture. În domestic economy, it exist in a separate state, being found in combina- is likewise employed in the form of jelly, and in the tion with potash, soda, ammonia, lime, or magnesia formation of various kinds of soup. What is termSulphur, in combination, exists in considerable ed portable soup, is merely jelly which has been abundance in animal substances. It can scarcely dried, having been previously seasoned, according be said to occur in a separate state in animals; at to the taste, with different spices. least the experiments which may be quoted as en- Albumen, the white of an egg, exists in great couraging such a supposition, are by no means de-abundance, both in a coagulated and liquid state, in the different parts of animals. Hair, nails, and horn, are composed of it. It appears, likewise, as a constituent of bone and shells; and there are few of the fluid, or soft part of animals, in which it does not exist in abundance; what has hitherto been termed the resin of bile, is, according to Berzelius, analogous to albumen. To construct machines necessary in the manufactory of such an immense stock of cotton, and to superintend the use of them, and keep them in repair, would employ much of the ingenuity of our eastern brethren, whilst our mild climate, our numerous mill seats, and our cheap slave labour, would hold out irresistible inducements to eastern mechanics to settle amongst us. The rewards we be stow on our overseers for cultivating cotton for a market already glutted, would procure us multitudes of machinists; and the capital we waste on land to produce cotton at 5 cents, would enable us to erect the necessary buildings for more lucrative pursuits. Why then should we not manufacture our coarse goods in the slave states, where the cotton is lower than in any part of the world, the goods higher, the water power as efficient, and the slave labour the best and the cheapest. Let capitalists attend to these hasty suggestions; let us convert one-tenth of our field labourers into operatives, and we shall soon be independent. ZOOLOGY. OF THE STUDY OF THE ANIMAL KINGDOM WITH RE- cisive. United with oxygen, in the form of sulphu FERENCE TO AGRICULTURE. (Continued from p. 210.) ric acid, it exists in combination with potash, soda, Fluoric acid has been detected in bones and urine, Muriatic acid exists in a great number of animal Iodine has been detected in sponge. Albumen is extensively used in the arts. When spread thin on any body, it soon dries, and forms a coating of varnish. Its adhesive power is likewise considerable. When rubbed on leather, it increases its suppleness. But its chief use is in clarifying liquors. For this purpose, any substance abounding in albumen, as the white of eggs, or the serum of Animal Chemistry; or the Substances which enter into the Composition of the Bodies of Animals. The elementary principles of the animal kingdom have been ascertained with considerable precision; but the binary, ternary, or other compounds which these form, have not been investigated with so much success. As these various ingredients are brought into union in the animal system by the agency of the vital principle, their state of combination may Soda is present in all the fluids in various states be expected to differ widely from the ordinary re- of combination, and is more abundant than the pre sults of electric attraction. When such compounds ceding. It gives to many of the secretions the al-blood, is mixed with the liquid, and the whole heatof organization are submitted to analysis, the influ-kaline property of changing vegetable blues into ence of the vital principle having ceased, the pro- green. It is found in union with the carbonic, phos ducts obtained may be regarded, in many cases, as modifications of the elements of the substance, occasioned by the processes employed, rather than the display of the number or nature of the ingredients, as they existed previous to the analytical operations. phoric, sulphuric, and muriatic acids. Ammonia exists in its elements in all the fluids, and many of the solids of animals, and is frequently produced during putrefaction. These elements are likewise found united in the system, and the alkali ed to near the boiling point The albumen coagulates, and falls to the bottom, carrying along with it the impurities which were suspended in the fluid, and which rendered it muddy. If the liquor contains alcohol, the application of heat is unnecessary. Fibrin exists in the blood, and was formerly call ed the fibrous part of the blood. It likewise exists | Ambergrease is found in the intestines of the sper Extractive exists in the muscles of animals, in the blood and in the brain. It communicates the peculiar flavour of meat to soups. In the opinion of Fourcroy, the brown crust of roasted meat consists of it. muscles, tendons, and ligaments, and in the bones of many animals, especially before birth. These fibres, however minutely divided, do not appear to be hollow, like those of the vegetable kingdom. The cellular texture is universally distributed in the form of membranes, which invest every organ, the bundles of fibres in every muscle, and, by forming tubes with the addition of the fibrous texture, constitute the containing vessels. The substance gives form to all the different parts, and is that particular portion which is first formed, and which constitutes the frame on and within which the other materials of the system are deposited. It readily expands by the increase of its contents; and, with equal ease, contracts when the distending cause is removed. Tallow is the fat of ruminating animals, and is The pulpy texture is confined to the brain and hard and brittle, while the fat of the hog, called nerves, the liver, kidneys, and other secreting orlard, is soft and semifluid. Its uses as an article of gans of the system. Its composition appears to the food, in the making of candles, hard soap, and oint-eye homogeneous, and its form is regulated by its ments, and to diminish friction, are well known. cellular envelope. The properties of oils depend in a great degree These soft solids are alone capable of possessing the faculty of sensation. By their aid, the nervous energy is exerted on the different parts of the body; and, through them, the impressions of external objects are received. The hard solids consist either of cartilage, which resembles, in its qualities, coagulated albumen; or of bone, formed by various combinations of earthy salts. They are destitute of sensation, and are chiefly employed in defending the system from injury, giving it the requisite stability, and assisting the muscles in the execution of their movements. The proportion between the solids and fluids is not only remarkably different in different species, but in the same species, in the various stages of growth. [Loudon's Enc. of Agric. (To be continued.) The soft parts of animals are constituted of these Fat consists of two substances, suet and oil. It four substances, which also enter into the composi-is usually purified by separating the vessels and tion of the hard parts and of the fluids. They are membranes which adhere to it, by repeatedly washreadily distinguishable from one another. Extrac-ing with cold water, and afterwards melting it, tive alone is soluble in alcohol; gelatine is insoluble along with boiling water. in cold, but soluble in hot water; albumen is soluble in cold and insoluble in hot water; the fibrin is equally insoluble in hot and cold water. They are variously mixed or united; and as they consist of some elementary principles, chiefly carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and azote, it is probable that they are. changed, the one into the other, in many cases by on the mode of preparation, with the exception of the living principle-a transmutation which the the odour, which arises from the kind of animal chemist has succeeded in accomplishing, and which from which the oil has been derived. Spermaceti may soon be of advantage in the arts. The pro- oil is considered as the thinnest of the animal oils, portion of carbon appears to be least in gelatine and the fittest for burning in lamps. It is obtained and greatest in fibrin. from the spermaceti, by draining and pressure. Mucus occurs in a liquid state in the animal eco- Train oil is procured by melting the blubber, or exnomy, as a protecting covering to different organs.ternal layer of fat, found underneath the skin of It necessarily differs in its qualities, according to different kinds of whales and seals. From the prothe purposes it is destined to serve. In the nose it cess employed, it contains, besides the oil, gelatine, defends the organ of smell from the drying influ- albumen, and other animal matters, which render it ence of the air, in the bladder, it protects the inte- thick, dark coloured, and disposed to become ranrior from the contact of the acid urine, while it cid. Fish oil is sometimes extracted from the entire preserves the gall bladder from the action of alka- fish, (as the sprat, pilchard and herring, when they line bile. It does not contain any suspended parti- occur in too great quantities to be salted,) by boilcles like the blood, but is homogeneous. (Dr Young, ing in water, and skimming off the oil, as it appears Annals of Phil. ii. p. 117.) When inspissated, it on the surface. In general, however, the oil is obconstitutes, in the opinion of some, the basis of the tained from the livers of fish, in which it is lodged epidermis, horns, nails, feathers. But the difficulty in cells. DORCHESTER EXHIBITION AND FAIR. of obtaining it in a pure state, and the discordant The acids found in animals consist of various The Dorchester Agricultural Society, will hold characters assigned to it by different chemists, pre-proportions of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and azote. their third Cattle Show in Cambridge, on Monday vent us from reposing confidence in the accuracy of Some of them are peculiar to the animal kingdom, and Tuesday, the 29th and 30th of October, 1827, the analysis of those substances, of which it is con- and others exist in equal abundance in plants. for the exhibition and sale of domestic animals and sidered as forming an essential ingredient. The uric or lithic acid, abounds in urine, and ap-manufactures, and for ploughing matches; and will pears to be a production of the kidneys. The lac award the following premiums: tic acid is common in the animal fluids. The am niotic acid has been found in the uterus of a cow. The formic acid, by distilling ants. The benzoic, oxalic, acetic, and malic acids, are common both to plants and animals, but occur but seldom in the latter. Sugar exists in considerable abundance in milk, These elementary substances, by combining in dif and in the urine of persons labouring under diabetes. ferent proportions, exhibit a great variety of seIn the latter fluid, it is to be considered as a mor- parate substances. The earthy salts are likewise bid secretion of the kidneys, occupying the natural abundant; and when they occur in a separate state, situation of the urea. In milk, however, it exists as they strengthen the albuminous framework, and a constituent principle, and may readily be obtained form the skeleton, giving stability to the body, and by the following process: evaporate fresh whey to acting as levers to the muscles. The alkaline salts the consistence of honey, dissolve it in water, clari-occur in the greatest abundance in the secreted fy with the whites of eggs, and again evaporate to the consistence of syrup. On cooling, white cubical crystals will be obtained, but less sweet than vegetable sugar. Urea is a substance obtained by evaporation and trituration from the urine of the mammalia when in a state of health. In the human subject it is less abundant after a meal, and nearly disappears in the disease called diabetes, and in affections of the liver. fluids. The fluids consist of those juices which are obtained from our food and drink, such as the chyle, and are termed crude of the blood; or prepared from Oils vary greatly as to colour, consistence, smell the crude fluids, and destined to communicate to and other characters. They possess, however, in every part of the body, the nourishment which it common, the properties of the fixed oils, in being requires, and of those fluids which are separated liquid, either naturally or when exposed to a gentle from the blood, in the course of circulation, such as heat, insoluble in water and alcohol, leaving a the bile, and termed secreted fluids. These are all greasy stain upon paper, and being highly combus-contained in appropriate vessels, and are subject to tible. They are distinguished as spermaceti, amber-motion and change. grease, fat, and common oils. The solids are derived from the fluids, and are Spermaceti constitutes the principal part of the usually divided into the soft and hard. The soft brain of the whale, and is freed from the oil which solids consist chiefly of what is termed animal mataccompanies it, by draining and squeezing, and after, of combinations of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, terwards, by the employment of an alkaline ley, and azote. They consist of fibres, which are usuwhich saponifies the remainder. It is then washed ally grouped into faggots; of plates, which, crossing in water, cut into thin pieces with a wooden knife, one another in various directions, give rise to celluand exposed to the air to dry. It is used in medi-lar structure, or of a uniform pulpy mass. cine and candle-making. The fibrous texture may be observed in all the CROPS. 8.00 8. 00 For the best five contiguous acres of Wheat, $8 00 For the best Mare, HORSES. For the best Colt under two years, NEAT CATTLE. For the best Bull over two years old, For the best Heifer under two years, SWINE. For the best Boar over one year, 8.00 8. 00 8 00 8 00 20 00 10 00 8 00 5 00 10 00 5 00 8. 00 3.00 5 00 4.00 5 00 4.00 5.00 3 00 5 00 5 00 5 00 5.00 |