The Concept of Work: Ancient, Medieval, and ModernState University of New York Press, 1992年9月30日 - 660 頁 This book presents an analysis amd review of work, starting with the Homeric period, then dealing with classical Greece and classical Rome, the early Christians and Jews, the early Middle Ages, the era of Charlemagne, the high Middle Ages, the views of Luther and Calvin, the English and French Enlightenment, the nineteenth century, the twentieth century, and prospects for the future of work. It offers a rich and varied tapestry on the complexity of values regarding work, criss-crossing through crafts, occupations and professions, through slave and free-born employments, through lay and religious figures, and through rural and urban contexts. The permutations of work and its meanings are traced and related to the social and cultural contexts of each period of history dealt with — ancient, medieval, and modern. Applebaum offers projections for work in the future, based on modern-day technologies, along with work within the context of new social conditions created by industrial cultures in the modern period. The future of work is examined as one of the key elements for the possibility of change in the social structure of industrial cultures. At a time when so many people are questioning the work ethic, this book provides a valuable perspective on work in past societies, how it has developed and been transformed, and what are its prospects for the future. |
內容
| 3 | |
Work in Archaic and Classical Greece23 | 23 |
The Hellenistic World and the Concept of Work | 69 |
Work and the Concept of Work in the Roman Republic | 93 |
The Attitudes toward Work among the Jews | 179 |
Work and the Monastic Movement | 195 |
Fifth to Tenth | 211 |
Eleventh to Fifteenth | 227 |
Middle Sixteenth Century | 339 |
Work and the Enlightenment in France Scotland | 369 |
Capitalism Socialism | 409 |
Selected Philosophies | 455 |
Modern Technology and Work | 513 |
The Work Ethic Consumerism and Leisure547 | 547 |
Work and the Concept of Work in Modern Society571 | 571 |
Bibliography591 | 591 |
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activity Adam Smith agriculture ancient ancient Greece apprentices Arendt Aristotle artisans arts Athens attitude became become believed Boorstin building capital century B.C. Christian Church Cistercians citizens clothing collegia Columella concept crafts craftsmen created culture economic Empire England estates ethic Europe factory farm farmer Greece Greek guilds hands Hannah Arendt Hellenistic Hesiod hired Hobbes Homeric household human ideas Iliad important increased industrial society Laborem exercens land LeGoff leisure living Locke machine manual manufacturing Marx masons master material means mechanical medieval ment metics Middle Ages modern monastic nature needs nobles occupations Odysseus one's organization Ovitt peasant period philosophers Piers Plowman Plato plow Plutarch political Press production Ptolemaic Egypt Roman Rome Saint skill slaves social things Tilgher tion towns trade Voltaire wages wealth women wool workers workshops Xenophon York