And even in the peace between Britain and Rome, the victor, in goodwill and honour to Rome, yields the desired tribute to the vanquished. The play ends too happily to be a tragedy, although the womanly tenderness of Imogen, under her trials, brings many a man to tears.

CHAPTER VIII.

CHURCH AND STATE UNDER JAMES I.: ANDREWES, DONNE, USHER, AND SELDEN.

Edmund
Spenser and
Lancelot
Andrewes.

LANCELOT ANDREWES must have been well known to Edmund Spenser in his youth, for they were nearly of the same age, and went from the same school to the same college. There is even a mistaken tradition that they were competitors at Cambridge for a Fellowship obtained by Andrewes. But knowledge of each other does not seem to have brought them close together as young men. Andrewes at Cambridge was studying the Fathers and applying himself to theology so faithfully along the ancient lines, that he became famous in after years as the first divine of the English Reformed Church who in argument could meet the Roman Catholics on their own ground and claim a victory. Spenser at Cambridge chiefly applied himself to study of the Bible and the poets. In after days there was the Irish Sea between these schoolfellows. Their ways of life were parted, and they agreed only in being, each in his own way, deeply religious.

Lancelot Andrewes, born in 1555, was the son of a seafaring trader, whose home ashore was in Thames Street, in the parish of All Hallows, Barking. The seafaring father, who was of a Suffolk family, lived to become Master of Trinity House. The son, who lived

Lancelot
Andrewes.

to be Bishop of Winchester, was first

sent to the Coopers'

Free School in Radcliffe, and then to the newly-founded Merchant Taylors' School, where he became one of Richard Mulcaster's best scholars in Greek and Hebrew. Dr. Thomas Wattes, Prebendary of St. Paul's and Archdeacon of Middlesex, founded some scholarships in Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, afterwards known as the Greek scholarships, and gave the first of them to Lancelot Andrewes, Mulcaster's best Grecian. So Andrewes went to Spenser's College.

After he had taken his B.A. degree there was but one Fellowship vacant at Pembroke Hall, and there were two men who seemed equally entitled to it. Andrewes was one, and the other was not Spenser, but Thomas Dove, afterwards Bishop of Peterborough. These two, therefore, were tested by scholastic exercises. Andrewes obtained the Fellowship, but Dove was retained by Pembroke Hall with. an allowance given him as Tanquam Socius.

Dr. Hugh Price had obtained from Queen Elizabeth, in 1571, authority for the foundation of Jesus College, Oxford, chiefly for the benefit of Wales by bettering her clergy. Lancelot Andrewes was placed by Dr. Price upon the first list of Jesus College Fellows.

After the time of his first graduation, Andrewes, while living in the University, walked every year to London and spent Easter in his father's house. There was no interruption of studies; he rose before the sun and was at his books till late. He loved no games, but found refreshment in home intercourse, talk with a chosen friend, and quiet country walks. Until he was B. D. he always went on foot between Cambridge and London, but then he rode a horse in unwilling deference to the world's notion of dignity.

In 1580 Andrewes was ordained, and he was then made Catechist in his college. The hour of catechising was from three o'clock in the afternoon on Saturdays and Sundays in the college chapel, and he then made it his duty

K-VOL. XI.

to give a course of lectures on the Ten Commandments

Earlier
Writings.

which drew hearers not only from the colleges in the University, but also from the country round about. They were alike full of learning and of piety; their reputation was preserved and spread by copies from his own manuscript and from the note-books of the students, until sixteen years after his death, when they were published by Michael Sparke, a Presbyterian bookseller, in 1642, with this title page: "The Moral Law Expounded. 1. Largely. 2. Learnedly. 3. Orthodoxly. That is, the long-expected and much-desired work of Bishop Andrewes on the Commandments; being his Lectures, many years since, in Pembroke Hall Chapel, which have ever since passed from hand to hand in manuscripts, and been accounted one of the greatest treasures of private libraries, but never before this published in print; and hereunto is annexed nineteen Sermons of his, on Prayer in general, and on the Lord's Prayer in particular. Also seven Sermons upon our Saviour's Temptations in the Wilderness; both which two latter Treatises, though before printed, yet being much worn out of press, were thought fit, for divers reasons, to be added to this work."

While putting his first strength as a divine into these lectures on the Ten Commandments, that gave him at once a first place among Cambridge teachers of divinity, Andrewes was widely trusted as an adviser in cases of conscience. The Earl of Huntingdon, President of the North, invited him to spend some time with him as his chaplain, and labour for the conversion of Roman Catholic recusants. In 1589 Sir Francis Walsingham obtained for him the vicarage of St. Giles's, Cripplegate. This brought Andrewes to London. He was made soon afterwards a prebendary of St. Paul's, and besides preaching constantly at St. Giles's, he preached at St. Paul's three times a week in term time. Then he was appointed chaplain to the

Archbishop of Canterbury, and chaplain-in-ordinary to the Queen. Two bishoprics were offered to him by Elizabeth, but he declined them both, because they were offered with a condition that he should consent to alienate part of the possessions of the see.

After the death of Dr. William Fulke,* on the twentyeighth of August, 1589, Lancelot Andrewes was appointed. his successor in the office of Master of Pem

Fulke, as a friend and follower of

William
Fulke.

broke Hall. Thomas Cartwright, had lived through troublous times at Cambridge, but recovered ground like other Puritan divines. The Earl of Leicester had secured his appointment as Master of Pembroke Hall, when Spenser's friend, Dr. John Young, quitted that office for the Bishopric of Rochester. During the last years of his life, Dr. Fulke had been especially active with his pen in defence of the English Church against the Church of Rome, and of the English Bible against the Rhemish.

Lancelot

In 1601 Queen Elizabeth made Andrewes Dean or Westminster. He held that office at the accession of James I., and remained Master of Pembroke Hall until 1605, when King James persuaded Andrewes, him to accept the Bishopric of Chichester, and made him his Almoner. Appointed in 1607 as one of the translators of the Authorized Version of the Bible, Lancelot Andrewes was one of the ten who had charge of the Pentateuch and of the historical books from Joshua to the First Book of Chronicles.

Dean of Westminster, made Bishop.

This was the man to whose learning King James entrusted the continuation of the controversy with Bellarmine, which he had begun with his own answer to two letters from the Pope and one from Bellarmine against the king's required Oath of Allegiance. When Bellarmine replied in the name "E. W.," viii. 288. † “E. W.," ix. 17, 54, 62. ‡ “E. W.,” xi. 83.

The Controversy on the Oath of Allegiance.