as a justice of the peace...who doth educate or cause to be educated in the popish religion all or any of his children who shall be under the age of sixteen years, and...such person so acting contrary to the true intent and meaning of this act, shall upon legal conviction thereof suffer one year's imprisonment..and forfeit the sum of one hundred pounds.

A.D. 1703.

55.-Additional penal laws as to education abroad, and education of minors.

[Irish Statutes, 2 Anne, c. 6.]

2. And forasmuch as by the said act to restrain foreign education, justices of the peace are required, upon oath to them made of the withdrawing of any child beyond the seas, to proceed further, as by the said act they are directed; which oath it is not probable can be made by any protestant or protestants, who are strangers to such private transactions in popish families, when yet by the absence of such child there may be reasonable ground of suspicion of his or her having been sent away into parts beyond the seas, where...any two justices of the peace...shall have reasonable cause to suspect that any such child....has been sent abroad into foreign parts...they are hereby required and directed to convene the father or mother..or other relation.. as had the care of such child,...to produce or bring before... them the said child within two months;... and if such person.. shall not produce..such child within the said time... or shall not give good proof that the said child is resident...not in parts beyond the seas...then such child shall be deemed and taken to be then educated in foreign parts..and shall incur all the penalties in and by the said act mentioned and prescribed.

4. And that care maybe taken for the education of children in the communion of the church of Ireland as by law established, be it enacted... that no person of the popish religion shall or maybe guardian to, or have the custody of, any orphan.. under the age of 21 years; but that the same... shall be disposed of by the High Court of Chancery to some near relation,... being a protestant, and conforming himself,...otherwise to some other protestant conforming himself, who is hereby required to use his utmost care to educate and bring up such child or minor in the protestant religion;...and if any person...being a papist.. shall take...the guardianship

or tuition of any orphan,...he..shall forfeit the sum of five hundred pounds...the whole benefit of the said forfeitures to be, and is hereby, given to the Blue-coat hospital in the city of Dublin.

A.D. 1705.

56.-Dublin Corporation and a Popish Schoolmaster.

[Dublin Corporation Assembly Roll, 1705: Third Friday after September 29. Gilbert, Municipal Records, vi. 342.]

[11.] Upon the petition of Charles Grey, Popish schoolmaster, setting forth that in January Sessions last he was convicted for keeping a Popish schoole, contrary to the act of Parliament in that case made; that your petitioner was for the said offence fined twenty pounds, and three months imprisonment that your petitioner continued the said three months confined, but, not being able to pay the said fine of twenty pounds, petitioned this honourable assembly in Michaelmas last to have the same reduced it is therefore ordered...that the said fine of twenty pounds be reduced to sixpence by reason of his great poverty, and giveing security of the good behaviour not to be guilty of the like offence for the future.

A.D. 1709.

57.-Catholic teachers prohibited, even in private houses.

[Irish Statutes, 8 Anne, c. 3, sect. 16.]

16. ..Whereas by an act made in the seventh year of King William the third of glorious memory, it is enacted “That no person whatever of the popish religion shall publickly or in private houses teach school, or instruct youth in learning within this realm, upon the pain of £20, and also of being committed to prison..for the space of three months for every such offence," which law hath proved ineffectual; and that..many persons of the popish religion do continue to keep publick schools...and, when prosecuted...do abscond or repair into other counties to keep publick schools, and thereby evade and escape the pains and punishments imposed by the said act ; and

Whereas several protestant schoolmasters, to encrease the number of their scholars, do chuse to combine with such papists...and to elude the said act do entertain such persons professing the popish religion to be ushers, undermasters, and assistants..under such protestant schoolmasters, who frequently leave the instruction of the youth...to...such popish under school-master...whereby popery doth continue to grow and is propagated in this kingdom; for remedy thereof be it enacted... That whatsoever person of the popish religion shall publickly teach school, or shall instruct youth in learning in any private house within this realm, or shall be entertained to instruct youth in learning...by any protestant schoolmaster, he shall be..taken to be a popish regular clergyman, and to be prosecuted as such-and incur such pains, penalties, and forfeitures as any popish regular convict is liable unto by the laws and statutes of this realm.....

A.D. 1712-16.

58.-Conflicting Views as to the Irish Language in Education.

[Archbishop King's Autobiography...and...Correspondence, by Sir C. S. King, 1906. (a) Memoriall, pp. 296-8; (b) ibid. pp. 290-1, from Notes and Queries 4th S.I. 310-11; (c) ibid. p. 295: (d) ibid. pp. 293-4.]

(a) To his grace James Duke of Ormond, Lord Lieutenant....The humble Memoriall of several of the Nobility of Ireland, of the Ld. Bishop of Kilmore, and of several of the Gentlemen and Clergymen of that kingdom Whereas nothing tends more effectually to promote the common wellfare of Ireland then the conversion of the Popish natives to the Protestant Religion, whereby the English interest would be the better secured....And whereas in order to obtain those happy ends, several laws have been made lately in Ireland to discourage and weaken Popery.... and one statute particularly... to prevent the succession of Popish clergy.... and it is probable that in some counties the succession maybe extinct in some few years....That so many souls may not be abandoned to utter ignorance, infidelity, and barbarity on the one side, or be left a prey to schismaticks or Dissenters on the other, it is humbly proposed as followeth :

1. That some numbers of New Testaments and Common Prayer Books...and select sermons.... be translated and printed in the

Irish character and tongue....and that these books be distributed in any Irish family that can read.....

2. That the whole nation may in time be made both Protestant and English that Charity schools be erected in every parish in Ireland for the instruction of the Irish children gratis in the English Tongue, and the Catechism and Religion of the Church of Ireland.

3. That in order to the carrying on the foregoing designs in the preceding or any other methods...a Charter be sent out from Her Majesty....

4. That such of the Lords Archbishops and Bishops of Ireland as your Grace thinks fit be consulted about this Proposall....that with their concurrence a petition be presented to her Majesty constituting such an Incorporated Society for converting the Irish Papists. [March, 1712.]

(b) [Thomas Lindsay, Bishop of Killaloe, to Thomas Smyth, Bishop of Limerick.]

I wrote to his Grace...to think well of the matter, for that the Memoriall contained things of the last consequence to the Church...The Archbishop of Dublin...seemed to have principally at his heart the printing...in Irish, which part the rest of the Bishops present thought the least of all usefull or convenient, besides that it was against the intention of the Law of the 28th H. 8th, which was to promote the English language and habit. [March, 1712.]

(c) [Archbishop William King, Dublin, to Rt. Hon. Wm. Connolly.]

I send you enclosed a list of scholars taught to read Irish by Mr. Linegar in the College. All these are designed for the clergy, being in number forty-five. It is not intended that they should have any salary... but when they come to be settled in cures, they are enabled by this to discourse to all the parishoners...in a language that they understand.... [Feb., 1715.]

(d) [Archbishop King to Francis Annesley.]

If the Bishops of Ireland had heartily come into this work, and the government had given it countenance, certain methods might in my opinion have been taken, that...would have had great effect towards the conversion of the natives, and making them good Protestants, and sincere in the English Interest.

G

59.-University and Charity-School Teachers' Disaffected.'

[From letters of Archbishop King, printed in His Autobiography,...and a selection from his Correspondence,' by Sir C. S. King, 1906. (a) pp. 204-5, from Add. MSS. 6117, B.M.; (b) pp. 214-15, from T.C.D. Transcribed King Correspondence.]

(a) [Archbishop King to the Archbishop of Canterbury, from Bath, June 26, 1717.]

I hope by the methods taken with the College of Dublin that Society is entirely gained to his Majesty. I wish to God that we could say ye same for the Universities here....It ought further to be remembered that in the Beginning of Queen Elizabeth's reign the Universities were much more disaffected than they are supposed to be now, and yet we see how soon they were gained. If we would consider and apply ye methods then us'd to bring them into good temper, the same causes will have the same effects....

(b) [Archbishop King to John Spranger, March 18, 1719.]

As to charity schools, I have perhaps more in this city than in mostof the kingdom besides....I observed with great grief that the management of many of these schools was got into the hands of persons disaffected to the Revolution and Government....I have good hope of these schools whilst under a strict eye and in well affected hands, and whilst they depend on the yearly contributions of well-disposed Christians.

A.D. 1721.

60. Resident Protestant Schoolmasters to teach the English Tongue.'

[Irish Statutes, 8 Geo. I. c. 12.]

An act for the...encouragement of protestant schools within this kingdom of Ireland.

9. And for the better encouragement of English protestant schools, which are much wanting in this kingdom, be it enacted...that it shall be lawful for....every ecclesiastical person; with the consent of his... bishop ....to make an absolute grant unto the churchwarden of each parish... of any quantity of land to any of them respectively belonging as glebe or otherwise, not exceeding two acres for an archbishop or bishop, and one acre for any other person....for the use of a resident protestant schoolmaster to teach the English tongue.....