any text in which either of these products are mentioned, which are not brought under the reader's notice, and concerning which all the information requisite for its elucidation is not furnished. In the article on the Vine, we perceive that the author adopts the views which the temperance writers take of what is called the wine question;' and the reader may here find, in a small space, a clear statement of the interpretations these writers give of the passages of Scripture in which wine is mentioned. The work being intended for popular use, the author has skilfully avoided encumbering his pages with the forms of learning, although the results of much learned research are embodied in them. The Introduction, by Dr. Kitto, treats chiefly of the general subject of Scripture natural history, and of the difficulties by which that very interesting branch of Biblical study is surrounded.

Address to the Friends of Zion. By the Right Rev. SAMUEL GOBAT, Bishop of the United Church of England and Ireland, at Jerusalem. November 2, 1847. Hatchard and Son, London, 1848. 12mo. pp. 31.

The object of this address is to interest the Christian public in contributing towards the formation of a fund for the support, or rather for the assistance, of the Jews converted in Jerusalem. Bishop Gobat says:-

'As far as we can know there is a spirit of inquiry among the Jews. I am told from time to time that there are many Jews who are truly convinced that Jesus is the Messiah; many who secretly read the New Testement, fewer those who have the courage to open their minds to, or even to visit or receive visits from the missionaries, and very few those who have the courage to confess their faith in a erucified Saviour.' pp. 6, 7.

It is stated that five adult Jews have received baptism during the past year, and that since 1839 the whole number of Jews who have been baptized at Jerusalem is thirty-one adults, with twenty-six children of the same people. Some of these have gone forth among their brethren in Egypt and Persia, to labour as missionaries and missionary agents. Those who remain at Jerusalem, the bishop says, work hard to earn their livelihood by the sweat of their brow; and although deficient in many respects with regard to spiritual life, they endeavour to grow in the grace and knowledge of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ.' This leads Bishop Gobat to the gist of his address. He says:—

6

'It is well known, as already stated, that the Jews of Palestine are generally very poor; wherefore, whenever an individual is so far convinced of the truth of the Gospel as to ask further instruction, he loses the allowances upon which he lived as a Jew; and has no other means of avoiding starvation but to cast himself, at least visibly, upon the help of our missionary party. And as the allowance at the disposal of the missionaries, for the purpose of relieving the most pressing wants of inquirers and proselytes, is quite inadequate to numerous claims made upon them, this difficulty is increased in proportion to the success which they have as Christian missionaries. Hence, latterly, when several Jews seemed disposed to embrace Christianity, one of the missionaries observed that, when he met them, he was always afraid that they might express a decided wish to be especially instructed and baptized, because he could not foresee how they could be preserved from starvation! And here it is my solemn duty publicly to state, that the missionary party deprive themselves of many comforts, not to say more, in order to be enabled to

relieve

relieve their suffering brethren of the house of Israel, before and after baptism. As far as I know the proselytes in this place, they are generally disposed to work in one way or other, in order to earn their livelihood; but we have no employment to give to any great number of them in this country, and if we send them to other remote places, we must pay their passage, as has been the case with six during the present year, of whom only two had any means of travelling.' pp. 10, 11.

The sincerity of the converts being thus tested by the certain sacrifices they make, and by their willingness to work for their living, we certainly think that they are entitled to the consideration which the bishop claims for them, and that the burden of their maintenance ought not to rest exclusively upon the resources of the missionary party of Jerusalem. At the same time we cannot suffer to pass without some animadversion, the dread the missionaries are represented as expressing lest too many converts should offer for the means of subsisting them. Is the Lord's hand shortened that he cannot now, as of old, provide for all the necessities of those who leave kindred, house, or land for his sake? In these things we greatly want in these days something more of the fine old apostolical faith-faith to believe, without wavering, that the Shepherd will, in His own way, provide sufficiently for all the sheep that are brought into his fold.

It is curious to see how the Jerusalem episcopate has actually become, as was foretold on the appointment of Bishop Alexander, primarily a mission to the Jews. The experience of his successor as a missionary to Eastern Christians, may tend to give the establishment a wider scope; but it will still remain essentially a missionary station, with a bishop at the head of it, notwithstanding that this was by no means the object of the founders of this singular bishopric.

It seems that the Protestant church on Mount Zion is so far advanced that it is expected to be completed in the course of this spring, and, says the Bishop, 'as Easter is the season when we have the greater number of travellers who take interest in our work, and strengthen our hands with their presence, I have fixed upon Wednesday in Passion week, the 19th of April, for the consecration of the building to the service of our Redeemer.'

BIBLICAL INTELLIGENCE.

It is probably known to many of our readers that the Rev. John Brown, D.D., of Edinburgh, is preparing for publication an important work, to be called The First Epistle General of Peter, illustrated in Expository Discourses, which, from the well-known qualifications and high reputation of the author, is expected with peculiar interest, especially in Scotland. It is to form three octavo volumes, of from 450 to 500 pages each, which will be published successively. The first volume is in the press, and will probably appear in or soon after May.

We are happy to perceive that Clark's Foreign Theological Library is proceeding with vigour and promptitude. The first volume for the present year, which has just come to hand, is the second volume of Dr. Davidson's translation of Gieseler's Ecclesiastical History. The other volumes for the year are to be the second and third volumes of Olshausen's Commentary on the Gospels; and the third volume,

completing

completing the work, of Hengstenberg's Commentary on the Psalms. We can safely, and with entire satisfaction, recommend the series of translations embraced in this 'Library' to the attention of our readers, who, by becoming subscribers, can obtain them much more cheaply than in the usual way, the price being doubled to nonsubscribers.

A return of the number of Bibles, Testaments, Prayer-books, and Psalms, printed, published, and sold by the Queen's printer in England, and by the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge, furnishes the following results, which are important as showing the total production (including all societies) during the period which the statement covers. Bibles published and sold by the Queen's printer from 1837 to 1847, 2,284,540; Testaments, during the same period, 1,971,877; Prayer-books, during the same period, 1,464,690; Psalms, 1,179,216; amount of drawback of paper duty received in the same period, 23,9527. 168. 8d. Bibles printed at the University press, Oxford, from Jan. 1, 1838, to Dec. 31, 1847, 2,612,750; Testaments, 2,062,250; Prayer-books, 2,548,650; Psalms, 1,685,250; Psalters, 76,000; Apocryphas, 63,500; drawback, 32,472l. for ten years. Number of Bibles and Testaments sold by the University press of Oxford to the British and Foreign Bible Society, from Jan. 1, 1838, to Dec. 31, 1847:-Bibles, 1,167,711; Testaments, 1,373,130. Number of Bibles printed at the Cambridge University press from Michaelmas, 1836, to Michaelmas, 1847:-Bibles, 895,500; Testaments, 1,111,600; Common Prayers, 591,600; Psalms, 403,700; Apocryphas, 29,550. Number of Bibles bought by the British and Foreign Bible Society from the Queen's printers, from Jan. 1, 1837, to Dec. 31, 1847 :-Bibles, 1,314,031; Testaments, 1,352,604; Psalms, 92,622. Number of books bought by the same society from the Oxford University during the same period:-Bibles, 1,151,276; Testaments, 1,355,926; Psalms, 30,900. Number of books bought by the same society from the Cambridge University during the same period:-Bibles, 527,846; Testaments, 737,496; Psalms, 10,200.

·

We learn by a letter from Professor Edwards, of Andover, U. S., one of the editors of the Bibliotheca Sacra, that a very important work has been lately published in this country, a translation of Neander's Church History, in two thick octavo volumes. The translation is made with great accuracy and fidelity, by one of our best German scholars, Professor Torrey, of the University of Vermont.' We have seen the first of these two volumes, and when the second comes to hand hope to notice the whole work. The first volume is a good specimen of American typography, and has for a frontispiece a characteristic portrait of the author, reduced, as we perceive, from one recently published in Germany, We see that this first volume (without the portrait) has been reprinted, so as to form two volumes of the last year's issue of the Foreign Theological Library.

From the same source we also learn that Professor Moses Stuart has been at work for some time upon a Commentary on the Prophet Daniel. To this he has probably been led by his recent labours on the Apocalypse.

We are also informed that a new and condensed edition of Barnes's Notes on Isaiah is in the press; and that 'Dr. Robinson's New Testament Lexicon, and his translation of Gesenius's Hebrew Lexicon, are both nearly if not quite exhausted.' This last, we should think, cannot be the new and improved edition, which we mentioned in our last number, that Dr. Robinson had in the press, and which another correspondent in America says he is bringing out.' The statement doubtless refers to the previous edition of 1844.

A Hebrew Bible (a facsimile of the large Tauchnitz edition) has appeared in the United States.

Dr. J. J. Stähelin has published a work on the Messianic predictions of the Old Testament with reference to the principal citations in the New Testament (Die Messianischen Weissagungen des A. T. in ihrer Entstehung, Entwickelung und Ausbildung, &c.). Its object is to explain all the expectations of the Jewish people on natural principles. It is described as a useful work, and worthy of notice; but, as may be expected, furnishing occasion for much criticism,

A manual Polyglott Bible is advertised to be edited by Dr. R. Stier and Dr. K. G. W. Theile (Polyglotten-Bibel zum praktischen Handgebrauch, &c.). It is to contain

contain the original text, the LXX., the Vulgate, and the German of Luther, together with the most important variations of the principal German translations. The Old Testament is to be completed in three volumes, the first of which is promised at Easter.

We observe in the German periodicals the announcement of two prizes to be given for the two best essays in German on the observance of the Lord's day Ueber die Sonntags-Heiligung). The object of the essays is to show from the Word of God that one whole day in seven has from the beginning been set apart by the Lord of the world for his worship. The essays are to be sent in by the end of December, 1848. The judges are Otto v. Gerlach, Ed. Kuntze, E. F. Ball, Aug. Ebrard, and F. Härter. The prizes are respectively 150 and 100 ducats (about 701. and 471. sterling). The announcement is made by Dr. Marriott, and dated Basel, 1st Dec. 1847.

We observe in the Evangelical Christendom for March an announcement of the death of Dr. Bretschneider, once the most learned and zealous defender of German Rationalism,' in the seventy-second year of his age.

Dr. F. C. Baur, of Tübingen, has just published his critical inquiries into the canonical Gospels, their connection with each other, their character and origin (Kritische Untersuchungen über die kanonischen Evangelien, &c.). The substance of the work has already appeared in various numbers of the Theologische Jahrbücher since 1844. He appears to reject all the Gospels as genuine historical accounts, except Matthew; and even in this remaining Gospel he supposes many alterations and additions. We shall look with interest to the efforts of German theologians in defending the authenticity and genuineness of the Gospels against this attack. We can feel no doubt that the searching investigation to which the canonical books of the New Testament are now subjected by continental divines, will issue in the establishment of the truth on a firmer basis.

An anonymous treatise has lately been published at Berlin, which arrives at the same conclusion as Dr. Baur does respecting the canonical Gospels. It bears the somewhat singular title, AO MOI пот т, Oder das Abhängigkeitsverhältniss der vier kanonischen Evangelien unter einander, nachgeweisen vom Standpunckte des Glaubens. According to this author, the Gospel of Matthew is the only one of the four accounts which contains the genuine history of Christ; the others give merely their own subjective views of that history. The author imagines that this theory will remove all difficulties and contradictions, and that everything will be hereby rendered clear and harmonious.

The attacks previously made by Dr. Baur on the Epistles have called forth several replies. A Latin tract in defence of the Epistle to the Philippians has appeared from the pen of Dr. Lünemann (Pauli ad Philippenses epistola contra F. C. Baurium defendit, &c.). It is described as a very successful work. Dr. M. Baumgarten also has brought out a work on the genuineness of the pastoral Epistles, with especial reference to the recent attack of Dr. Baur (Die Aechtheit der Pastoralbriefe mit besonderer Rucksicht, &c.).

A practical Commentary on the historical books of the New Testament (Practischer Commentar über der historischen Schriften des N. T., &c.) is in course of publication at Altenburg, without the name of the author. The first Lieferung has already appeared; three more, completing the Gospel of Matthew, are to appear in the course of the present year. The publisher states that the author is already favourably known to the public by his theological works, and that he has been labouring at this Commentary for thirty years.

A translation into German of Dr. Merle d'Aubigné's History of the Reformation has been commenced by Dr. M. Runkel. It is to be completed in five or six volumes, one of which has appeared; and it is published at a very low price, so as to become an 'evangelical book of the people.'

We have before us a Commentary on the Book of Joshua (Commentar über das Buch Josua) by Dr. C. F. Keil, Professor of Exegesis and of Oriental Languages in the University of Dorpat. In his preface the object of the author is thus stated: To break down the prevalence of Rationalism as to the Old Testament, to oppose

the

the wide-spread prejudices respecting it which have grown into formal articles of belief, and to help forward a true understanding of it, and one animated by faith, is the object of this Commentary; as it is also of that on the books of Kings, which appeared not long since. It will be followed, if God will, by a similar endeavour in reference to the other historical books.' We hope in a future number to give our readers a more detailed account of the work. Dr. Keil has also published an essay on the historical credibility of the books of Chronicles, and the integrity of the book of Ezra (Apologetischer Versuch über die Bucher der Chronik und über die Integrität des Buchs Esra).

A new Harmony of the Gospels has been published by Jos. Henr. Friedlieb, Prof. Extr. of Theol. in the University of Breslau, under the title Quatuor Evangelia Sacra Matthæi, Marci, Lucæ, Johannis, in harmoniam redacta. Textum cum Cod. Ephraemi Syr. Reg. nunc demum accurate contulit, &c. J. H. Friedlieb.

The first half of the eighth Abtheilung of Meyer's Critico-exegetical Commentary on the New Testament (Kritisch-exeget. Commentar über das N. T.), containing the Epistle to the Philippians, has recently appeared.

The Commentary of Maurer on the Old Testament (Commentarius gram. exeget. in Vet. Test.) has, after an interval of five years, been continued by Heiligstedt, who has published the first section of vol. iv., containing the commentary on Job. The second part of this volume, containing Solomon's Song and Ecclesiastes, was advertised to appear at Michaelmas last, but we are not aware that it has been yet published.

The Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft, Heft iii. and iv., contains an extract of a letter from Dr. Schultz, the Prussian consul at Jerusalem. It states that the King of Prussia has undertaken to found a scientific library at Jerusalem. Professor Rödiger has been authorized to draw up a list of the books which are to form the foundation of the collection. Dr. Schultz promises himself much use from it to the theologians, orientalists, historians, and naturalists, whose increasing visits to the Holy Land he anticipates.

LIST OF PUBLICATIONS.

ENGLISH.

Chronology of the Times of Daniel, Ezra, and Nehemiah, considered with the view of correcting an Error of Thirty-Three Years in the received Chronology between the Capture of Jerusalem by Nebuchadnezzar and the Birth of Christ. By J. Whatman Bosanquet, Esq. Part I. 8vo. pp. 300. 8s. 6d.

Synopsis of Biblical Criticisms. Vol. III. Part I. 8vo. pp. 530. 14s. The Gospel in Advance of the Age: being a Homily for the Times. By the Rev. Robert Montgomery, M.A. 8vo. (Edinburgh), pp. 508. 12s.

The Service of Song in the House of the Lord: an Oration and Argument. By Thomas Binney. 8vo. pp. 60. 1s.

A Pastoral Letter to the Clergy of the Diocese of London. By Charles James, Bishop of London. 8vo. pp. 20. 6d.

Scriptural Views of the Sabbath of God. By the Rev. John Jordan, B.A.

8vo. pp. 260. 4s.

General History of the Christian Religion and Church; from the German of Dr. Augustus Neander. Translated from the second and improved Edition, by Joseph Torrey. 2 vols. 8vo. (Edinburgh), pp. 1028. 18s.

Answer to the Religious Objections urged against the Employment of Anæs. thetic Agents in Midwifery and Surgery. By J. Y. Simpson, M.D. 8vo. (Edinburgh), pp.

24. 6d.

Twelve Sermons on some of the Historical Chapters of the Book of Genesis. By the Rev. F. W. Trevanion. 8vo. pp. 218. 58.

The