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"True judgment slight regards Opinion,
A sprightly wit disdains Detraction.

"A partial praise shall never elevate

My settled censure of mine own esteem.
A cankered verdict of malignant hate

Shall ne'er provoke me worse myself to deem :
Spite of despite and rancour's villanie,

I am myself, so is my poesie."

A preface in verse to unworthy readers bids them rail, and ends with this ingenious little ditty

"But ye diviner wits, celestial souls,

Whose free-born minds no kennel thought controls,

Ye sacred spirits, Maia's eldest sons;

"Ye substance of the shadows of our age,
In whom all graces link in marriage,

66

To you how cheerfully my Poem runs!

'True-judging eyes, quick-sighted censurers,
Heaven's best beauties, wisdom's treasurers,

O how my love embraces your great worth!

"Ye idols of my soul, ye blessed spirits,
How should I give true honour to your merits,
Which I can better think than here paint forth.

"You sacred spirits, Maia's eldest sons,

To you how cheerfully my Poem runs!

O how my love embraceth your great worth,
Which I can better think than here paint forth."

There followed a prose address "to those that seem judicial perusers," whereto Marston, whose name is not on the title-page, signed himself "W. Kinsayder." The name was taken from a homely word for the cure of mad dogs by cropping their tails. Its root is in the old French cagnon or kignon (“a little dog "), applied also in Picardy to a pitiably deformed man. In the three books of satires called "The Scourge for Villanie," there is much honest maintenance of

the higher life against the man whose thoughts are low, and there is but one piece directly personal, the added tenth or Satyra Nova of the Third Book, on the theme Stultorum plena sunt omnia. Here he quotes and satirises Hall's attack on his "Pigmalion

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"An Epigram which the Authour Vergidemiarum caused to be pasted to the latter page of euery Pigmalion that came to the stacioners of Cambridge.

"I Ask'd Phisitions what theyr counsell was

For a mad dog, or for a mankind Asse?

They told mee though there were confections store
Of poppie seede and soueraigne Hellebore,
The dog was best cured by cutting and *kinsing,
The Asse must be kindly whipped for winsing.
Now then W. K. I little passe

Whether thou be a mad dog, or a mankind Asse."

* Mark the witty allusion to my

name.

Marston might well laugh, in a satire addressed to E. G. (Edward Guilpin), a Cambridge friend, at that very poor. specimen of academic wit.

Virgidemiarum, Libri VI.

Joseph's Hall's six books Virgidemiarum-i.e., of rodharvests, stripes, or blows-were the work of a clever young man who had read Juvenal and Persius and the satires of Ariosto, and who, because he was the first to write English satire in the manner of Juvenal, ignorantly believed himself to be the first English satirist. "I first adventure," he said in his prologue

"I first adventure, follow me who list,
And be the second English satirist."

Hall's satires are in

The mistake is of no consequence. rhyming couplets of ten-syllabled lines; he thought English rhyme inferior to Latin quantity, but saw that the Latin metres could not be applied to English verse, and laughed at Stanihurst.

"Whoever saw a colt, wanton and wild,
Yok'd with a slow foot ox on fallow field,
Can right areed how handsomely besets
Dull spondees with the English dactylets.
If Jove speak English in a thund'ring cloud,
Thwick thwack, and riff raff, roars he out aloud.

Fie on the forgéd mint that did create

New coin of words never articulate!"

Hall abounds, as Marston does not, in direct criticisms of the English literature of his time, and his criticism is, after the manner of young omniscience, with little knowledge and no doubt. He laughed at the rising drama, crying

"Shame that the Muses should be bought and sold

For every peasant's brass on each scaffold."

He laughed at what he called "pot fury of the dramatists

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"One higher pitched doth set his soaring thought
On crownéd kings, that fortune hath low brought:
Or some uprearéd high aspiring swaine,

As it might be the Turkish Tamburlaine :
Then weeneth he his base drink-drownéd spright
Rapt to the threefold loft of heaven height
When he conceives upon his feignéd stage
The stalking steps of his great personage,
Graced with huff-cap terms and thund'ring threats
That his poor hearer's hair quite upright sets."

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But while Hall attacked the "terms Italianate, bigsounding sentences and words of state upon the stage, he paid homage to Spenser, then near the end of his career. He was burnt out of Kilcolman in October, 1598, left Cork with despatches dated on the ninth of December, and died in London on the sixteenth of January, 1599: "Renowned Spenser whom no earthly wight dares once to emulate, much less dares despight."

But Hall paired in the next line Du Bartas with Ariosto : "Salust of France and Tuscan Ariost." The

satirist in the golden time of Elizabethan vigour talked as usual of the good old times that were gone, when luxury was not, and our

"Grandsires' words savoured of thrifty leeks
Or manly garlicke.

But thou canst mask in garish gauderie,

To suit a fool's far-fetchéd liverie.

A French head joyn'd to necke Italian :

Thy thighs from Germanie, and brest from Spain.
An Englishman in none, a foole in all :

Many in one, and one in severall.

Then men were men; but now the greater part
Beasts are in life, and women are in heart."

If we go back to Occleve, or farther back to Gower, we find that the note has always been the same; sound and true in the steady fixing of attention upon vices and follies to be conquered (since there is small hope for a people that will only praise itself), but with innocent delusion of a bygone golden age. Hall's golden age, however, is not bygone; it is to be found in Spain, if the test of it be a relish for "manly garlic."

Edward

Guilpin.

Another book of satires that appeared in 1598 was the "Skialetheia, or a Shadow of Truth in Certaine Epigrams and Satyres," by Edward Guilpin or Gilpin, of which one perfect copy remains, and from which there are six quotations in "England's Parnassus." Nothing is known of Guilpin himself, except that he also was one of the young Cambridge scholars who amused themselves in 1598 with the publishing of satires. He says of himself in one of the seventy epigrams that form the first part of his book—

"I have sized in Cambridge, and my friends a season

Some exhibition for me there disburst:

Since that I have been in Good his weekly role

And been acquaint with Monsieur Lyttleton,

I have walked in Paul's and duly dined at noon,
And sometimes visited the dancing school."

Six satires follow, with an introductory flourish in praise of the good use of epigram and satire. In his sixth satire Guilpin illustrates the variety of opinion by citing oppositions of critical opinions about Gower, Spenser, Daniel, Drayton, Sidney. In the fifth satire Guilpin prefers his cell at College to the city, and finds all he can wish for in his little study:

Thomas
Bastard.

"Here I converse with those diviner spirits

Whose knowledge and admire the world inherits :
Here doth the famous profound Stagirite

With Nature's mystic harmony delight

My ravished contemplation: I here see

The now-old World's youth in an history:

Here may I be grave Plato's auditor,
And learning of that moral lecturer

To temper mine affections, gallantly

Get of myself a glorious victory :

And then, for change, as we delight in change,
(For this my study is indeed my exchange)

Here may I sit, yet walk to Westminster

And hear Fitzherbert, Plowden, Brooke, and Dyer
Canvas a law-case or if my dispose
Persuade me to a play, I'll to the Rose
Or Curtain, one of Plautus' comedies,
Or the pathetic Spaniard's tragedies;
If my desire doth rather wish the fields,

Some speaking painter, some poet, straightway yields
A flower-bespangled walk, where

may hear

Some amorous swain his passions declare

To his sun-burnt love. Thus my books' little case,
My Study, is mine all, mine every place.”

One book of epigrams, published in 1598, was by an Oxford
man. This was the "Chrestoleros. Seven
Bookes of Epigrames, written by T. B.," that is
Thomas Bastard, who was born in 1566 at Bland-
He was educated at Winchester School

ford, in Dorsetshire.

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