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-Interregnum, Description of.-Death of Gregory XV., and Entry of
Cardinals into Conclave.-Conclave expected to be a long one, and
why.- Parties in the Conclave.-Cardinal Saoli again. Cardinal
Delmonte.-Borromeo.-Cardinals Bandini, Ginnasio, and Madruzzi.—
The Barberini Family.-Character of Maffeo Barberini, who became
Urban VIII.-Cardinals Gaetani, Sacrato, and San Severino.-Illness
in the Conclave of Cardinal Borghese.-He refuses to leave the Con-
clave.-Barberini named in the impossibility of any other Election,
and elected.-Terrible mortality of Cardinals and Conclavists
CHAPTER II.
Reign and Works of Urban VIII.-Change in the Position of the Popes.-
No more Possibility of obtaining Sovereignties for Papal Nephews.-
Accumulation of wealth by the Papal Families.-Sixtus V.-Gregory
XIV.-Clement VIII.-Paul V.-Gregory XV.-Urban VIII.-
Amount of dotation permissible to a Papal Nephew.-Persecution of
one papal family by another.-Conclave at the death of Urban.~
Parties and interest at Rome much changed since the last Conclave.-
Cardinal Pamphili elected as Innocent X.-The Barberini driven from
Rome
PAGE
295
314
CHAPTER III.
Innocent X.-The Story of his Reign stands alone in Papal History.—
Donna Olympia Maidalchini, his Sister-in-Law.-Her Influence over
him. Her scandalous venality, greed, and corruption.-Scandal
throughout Europe.-Innocent's futile Attempt to banish her.-Anec-
dote of her dealings in the last hours of the Pope's life.-Innocent's
Death.-A Conclave without any leaders.-The "Squadrone Volante."
Anecdote of Cardinals Ottobuono and Azzolini.-Chigi proposed.-
Opposed by the French interest.-The Barberini again.-Chigi elected
as Alexander VII.-End of the story of Donna Olympia.-Pestilence
at Rome.
325
CHAPTER IV.
Fabio Chigi, Alexander VII.-His character.-His modified nepotism.-
Difficulty of entirely abolishing nepotism.-Changing characteristics
of the Papacy.-Dispute at the death-bed of Alexander.-Rospigliosi
elected Pope as Clement IX.-His character.-The fluctuations in the
population of Rome.-Curious Connection between these phenomena
and the decrease of nepotism.-Mixed motive of the Electors in the
Conclaves of this Period.-Complaints of the decline of religion and
morality in Rome.-Qualities now sought for in a Pontiff.-Innocent
XI. a really capable financier.-Conclave which elected Clement X. 337
46
CHAPTER V.
Conclave which elected Altieri as Clement X.-No fewer than twenty-one
Soggetti Papabili."-Barberini.-Ginetti.-Brancacci.-Carpegna.—
Facehinctti.-Grimani.-Gabrielli.- Odeschalchi.- Alvizzi.—Cibo.-
- D'Elci. - Celsi. - Litta.-
-
Ottobuoni.- Spada.-Bonvisi. - Vidoni.
Bonelli.-Altieri.-Nerli.-Bona.-Complaint by the Conclavist of the
impiety of the Times
346
CHAPTER VI.
No Chief of a party or party able to make Pope the man they most desired to
elect.-Fear of enmity much more operative in the Conclave than
enmity.-Multiplicity of considerations ever on the increase.-The
Conclave which elected Clement X. especially long and difficult.-
Moderation of recent Popes as to nepotism operates to increase this.-
Saying of the Princess Albani.-Abundant evidence in this Conclave
that negotiations with a view to the election were not checked by the
Bulls to that effect. Searching the Dinners of Cardinals a mere
Farce.-Odeschalchi all but elected.-Father Bona wishing to further
his chance, injures it.-Why Cardinal Pio could not vote for Altieri.-
Chigi fails altogether as Head of a Faction.-Anecdote of Cardinal
Razzi.-Message from the King of Spain to the Conclave.-Remarkable
results of it.-Anecdote of Altieri on the Eve of his Election.-Election
of Altieri.-Anecdote of De Retz
365
CHAPTER VII.
Letters of the French President De Brosses.-Last Years of Clement XII.,
Corsini.-Notices by De Brosses of the then Cardinals of Cardinal
Corsini, of Cardinal Albani, of Cardinal Coscia, of Cardinal Fleuri, of
Cardinal Rohan, of Cardinal Tencin.-How Matters went in the Con-
clave.-Tencin loses all influence.-Proposal to elect Cardinal Aldro-
vandi opposed by Albani.-Albani's treacherous scheme to ruin
Aldrovandi.-Albani's treachery ruins the chances of Cardinal Porzia.
-Plain speaking of Cardinal Acquaviva.-Election of Lambertini as
Benedict XIV.-His character and appearance.-Conclaves and Popes,
sixteen in number, between that of Clement X. in 1670, and that of
Pius IX. in 1846.-Saying of Cardinal Albani.-Characteristics of latter
Popes
378
BOOK V.
THE CONCLAVE AS IT IS AT PRESENT.
CHAPTER I.
The death of a Pope.-Time to elapse before Conclave.-Cardinal Gays-
ruck's Journey.-The Mode of constructing cells for the Conclave.-
Localities in the interior of the Conclave.-Drawing lots for the cells.-
Mode of fitting and furnishing the cells.-The cell of a Royal Cardinal.
-The Camerlengo.-Mode of living of the Cardinals.-First day in
Conclave
b
395
The Twenty rules of Gregory XV.-Signal for strangers to clear out.-Scale
of payment of fees to servants and attendants in Conclave.-Death of a
Cardinal in Conclave.-Business of each meeting of the Cardinals
between the death of the Pope and the commencement of Conclave.—
Entry into Conclave.-Bull of Pius VI. dispensing with certain formali-
ties in the election of his successor.-Next Conclave in all probability
will be quite regular
• 401
Three Canonical modes of Election.-Scrutiny and "Accessit."-Entry of
the Cardinals into Chapel for the scrutiny.-Vestments.-Mode of pre-
paring the Sixtine Chapel for the scrutiny.-The Seats of the Cardinals
at the Scrutiny.-The "Sfumata."-How the day passes in Conclave.--
The bringing of the Cardinals' dinners.-Cardinals heads of Monastic
Orders. Close of the day in Conclave
409
Mode of Procedure at the Scrutiny.-"Ante-scrutiny."-The Four Actions
composing it.-Description of the voting papers.-The Eight Actions
composing the Scrutiny more properly so called.-Infirm Cardinals.-
The Manner of their voting.-Relatives may not be Conclavists.-
How this rule is evaded.-The "Accessit."-The "Post-scrutiny."
Different procedure in case an election has or has not been accom-
plished.-Care to ascertain that an elector has not made the necessary
majority by voting for himself.-Cases of conscience as regards the
voting.-Objects intended to be ensured by Conclave rules impossible
of attainment.-Conclusion
418
BOOK I.
HIERARCHY IN STATE OF FLUIDITY.
B