that diocese) was the case with a considerable number among them. The other French cardinals, determined that the Papacy should not become the hereditary property of the Limoges clergy,* were ready to unite with the Italian cardinals even in the election of an Italian, if by no other means could they prevent the election of a Limoges man. In this frame of mind they cast their eyes upon the Archbishop of Bari,-"unum Archiepiscopum Barensem," as the Roman Conclavista somewhat contemptuously calls him,-no other indeed than our Bartolommeo Prignani, who, if to a Roman conclavist he was "one Archbishop of Bari," was sufficiently well known in the ecclesiastical world of Christendom, and who eventually became Urban VI. The reasons for the choice are given as follows by the conclavist: It was hoped that the Italian cardinals would agree to elect him, an Italian, rather than another Frenchman; while it was thought on the other hand that the Ultramontanet cardinals would agree "because the Bari Archbishop was a very learned man, used to business, erudite, and instructed in the style of the Curia and Chancery," and from his early years the familiar companion and domestic chaplain of the Cardinal Vice

"Concordarunt cum cardinalibus Italicis de habendo potius Italicum quam unum Lemovicensem, dicentes apertè quod totus mundus admodum erat attediatus de Lemovicensibus, qui tanto tempore Papatum possiderant quasi hereditarium;" saying openly that all the world was very tired of the Limogians, who had possessed the Papacy so long as though it were hereditary among them.-Conclavi dei Pontific. Colonia, 1691. V. i. p. 24.

† I.e. the cardinals from the northern side of the Alps. The change of meaning and relative position in the current talk of the day is not unworthy of notice.

"Instructus in Stylo Curiæ et Cancellariæ."

Chancellor, who was himself of Limoges. So much so that the French cardinals considered this Bishop of Bari to be as it were one of themselves, and conformable* to their ways. Lastly, it was a reason in favour of the choice that the Archbishop was a Neapolitan, "of which kingdom the Serenissima Joanna,† who was exceedingly devoted to the Holy Church, and very acceptable to and beloved by the cardinals, was mistress. These grounds for the choice appeared to have approved themselves to the majority of the cardinals, and it was well understood before they went into Conclave that the Archbishop of Bari was to be the man. So much so that on entering Conclave, as soon as the appointed mass "De Spiritu Sancto" had been performed, the Cardinal de Agrifoglio, addressing his colleagues, said, "Let us set to work at once, for I feel sure that we shall make an election out of hand." But the Cardinal Orsini, who was believed to be himself an aspirant to the Papacy, and who saw that the election of the Archbishop of Bari was imminent, wishing to gain time, and ut creditur, to get rid of it altogether, spoke thus, or to this effect: "Let us, your eminences-Domini mei-defer this election to another time, that we may elude-ut deludamus-this Roman people, who wish to have a Roman citizen for Pope;

* 66 Ipsorum moribus conformem."

† It may be as well to remind the reader that this most Serene favourite of the cardinals was the woman who incited her lover to murder her husband, who used means of nameless infamy to escape public denunciation for the crime, who was the consistently adulterous wife of four husbands, who espoused subsequently the cause of the Antipope against the Pope, and was ultimately stifled under a feather bed in a remote castle in the Apennines by the order of her murdered husband's nephew.

+ "Dixit hæc verba," says the conclavist.

and let us summon some Minorite friar, and let us put the papal cope and mitre on him, and pretend that we have elected him for Pope; and so let us get away from this place, and elect somebody else elsewhere." For, explains the conclavist, there was a crowd in the Piazza in front of the palace, "not violent, however, or making any threats" (this, as will be seen, was an important point); but imprudently—incauti-crying out, "We want a Roman for Pope," their real object being rather to run off to plunder the house of the new Pope, according to custom, as soon as the election should be announced, than really to influence in any way the election; as in truth they did nothing when subsequently one who was not a Roman was elected. But the other cardinals, in reply to the Cardinal Orsini, said, Certainly we will not do this thing. For we will not make the people idolaters-(as they would be, that is to say, if we deceived them into adoring as Pope one who was not so in reality),-nor will we deceive them to the damnation of our own souls. On the contrary, it is our intention forthwith to elect, and we will elect a true Pope; and for the words and clamours of those people

we care not."

Cardinal Orsini, however, making one more attempt to prevent the election of the Archbishop, attempted to persuade his colleagues to elect Francesco, Cardinal of St. Sabine, a Roman, upon which one of the Limoges cardinals said that although the Cardinal of St. Peter's (his Eminence of St. Sabine was so called) was a good and holy man, they would not elect him; in the first place because he was a Roman, and by doing so the Conclave

would seem to have been influenced by the clamour of the mob, and, in the second place, because he was too infirm to sustain the weight of the Papacy; then, turning towards the Florentine Cardinal, he said, "You are of Florence, a city at war with the Holy See. Therefore we will not elect you. His Eminence of Milan is from a country that was always opposed to the Church. The Cardinal Orsini is, again, a Roman, a partisan, and too young for the Papacy. Therefore we will elect none of these." (These were the only four Italians in the Sacred College. It only remained, therefore, to find a Pope outside the College, or to elect one from one or other of the two hostile factions of Frenchmen, a course which the hostility of either party was sufficient to render impossible.) Having thus spoken, continues the conclavist, "Cardinalis ipse Lemovicensis,”* in the presence and hearing of all the other cardinals, and before them all, chose as Roman Pontiff Monsignore Bartolommeo, Archbishop of Bari, using words to the following effect, "I purely and freely elect and assume to be Pope Monsignore Bartolommeo, Archbishop of Bari." And on that same spot, without any interval of time,† all the other cardinals acting and constituting a part much larger than the two-thirds of the number of cardinals in Conclave, freely elected similarly the said Archbishop of Bari to be the Roman Pontiff. ± The Florentine

* It is not clear which of the cardinals from Limoges is intended. But it is of no importance.

It is evident from this and many other of the points insisted on in the narrative, that it was composed in view of the schismatic election of an Antipope, to which the proceeding of this Conclave gave rise.

He says all the other cardinals, and thus in fact contradicts himself. But I have accurately translated his words, and his meaning is clear.

Cardinal seeing that there was a majority of more than the requisite two-thirds for the Archbishop of Bari, joined his vote to theirs, and "so the election was celebrated."

The Conclave having remained duly closed all this time, and the election thus canonically* made, their eminences began to have misgivings as to what they had done so bravely, and began to question among themselves whether it were expedient to proclaim the said election forthwith to the people. "And at length they came to a conclusion to put off this publication till the time of dinner had passed, and they should have dined; the object of which was that, inasmuch as the dignitary elected was not then in the palace where the Conclave was held, there was reason to fear that if the election were then proclaimed before he had had time to come to the cardinals in the palace, something unpleasant aliqua sinistra―might happen to the said prelate by the inasmuch as he was not a Roman, which the popuway, lace were bent on having." Another reason, adds the conclavist, was that their eminences were anxious to get their silver plate and other valuables that they had with them in the Conclave, carried to their houses, or to some other place of safety, which they feared they might not be able to accomplish after the election had been declared.

So, "ne aliquis posset suspicari vel præsumere, ipsum esse electum," they sent for several prelates, known to

Except in so far as it was vitiated by the simoniacal proceedings preceding the Conclave, as before observed, which nobody seems to have thought anything about.