Dear the canal, of which the Rev. Dr. Hume is the incumbent, was mower rated in 1856. The Wesleyans have a large chatwa and shok, called Cranmer Chapel, in Vauxhall Road. The Indepen Dents Lave a chapel in Birlington Street; The Roman Cath is a church in Elm Street; the Presbyterians one in Limekiln Lane In Maguire Street there is a small chapel, erected in 1795 by a Mr. Mayers. It has been occupied by various denomina tions In the immediate vi.inty of Vauxhall Road, the Corporatin have purchased land an 1 erected blocks of cottages, intended to prwile dwellings for the labouring classes, of a superior de scription, by erecting them in flats. The experiment has sueceeded and is a great boon to the working class in the vicinity. CHAPTER IV. WATER STREET TO JAMES STREET, DENG the first quarter of the nineteenth century, a stranger in Liverpool, following the tide of commerce, between the Exchange and George's Dock, and arriving near the bottom of Water Street, would have had his attention arrested by a grimlocking pile of castellated buildings, about as much in harmony with the busy roar of traffic surging around as a megatherium of the prediluvial period harnessed to a waterside cart. CHAP. IV. This was the "Tower" of Liverpool, in the olden times the Tower. fortale of the Earls of Derby. Its origin is somewhat obscure, records existing to cast any light on the period of its first The history of this building is so closely connected with the fortunes of the great family of the Stanleys of Knowsley, Earls Stanleys of of Derby, that I may be pardoned for going a little into detail, Knowsley. In the fourteenth century the site formed part of the possessions of the Lathoms of Lathom House, Lords of Knowsley, Huyton, Lathoms. Ry, and other manors, whose representative, in the reign of Edward III, was Sir Thomas Lathom, a man well stricken in years, with no legitimate male issue, and an only daughter 11. John Stanley, the founder of the Knowsley House, Sir John the second son of Sir William Stanley of Hooton. Stanley. Nacole, in his History of the House of Stanley, perpetrates grotesque blunders in the matter of dates, that it is very cult to come at the truth. He states that the hero of our st ry was born in 27 Edward III., A.D. 1354, and yet in the ■ a vevsling paragraph he says that he was "one of the captains at the famous battle of Poictiers in France, which was fought en tember 19, 1357," he being then about three years of ཏི ཡ It is clear that any legend founded on a statement of ti..s kind must be very mythical in its character. It is tolerably CHAP. Sir John certain, however, that at a tournament held at Winchester, near the close of King Edward's reign, John Stanley greatly distinguished himself, was knighted on the spot, and by his knightly deeds won the heart of the fair Isabel of Lathom, whɔ was present with her father. On their marriage, which was celebrated soon afterwards, Sir John was presented by Lis father-in-law, amongst other possessions, with the site of the Tower. Although no record exists, it is probable that some sort of residence had already been erected on the spot. Sir John subsequently acquired distinction in the Irish wars; and on the forfeiture of Henry Percy, Earl of Northumberland in 143, Lordship of the lordship of the Isle of Man was conferred upon him by Henry IV. Man. A.D. 1406. The necessary intercourse with Ireland and the Isle of Man rendered a secure place of embarkation very important, and in the year 1406, a licence was granted by the king to Sir John Licence to Stanley to fortify, crenellate and embattle the house he was then building (or extending) by the river side. This worthy knight died in the first year of Henry V. (1413), having by his martial prowess and wise counsels laid a solid foundation for the future greatness of the family. fortify. He is said to have been Vir illustris in concilio, Et in omni regno ornatissimus We will not further pursue the fortunes of the race. Fr many ages the Tower of Liverpool continued to be the seaside residence and place of embarkation of the Derby family. The ships of the Stanleys are alluded to in our old poetry. Thus in Lord Derby. the ballad of "Lady Bessie" (1484), Lord Stanley promISES Elizabeth of York to send her messenger, Humphrey Brereton, to Henry VII. Ships of I have a gude shippe of mine owne If any man aske whoes is the shippe↑ Down to the early part of the eighteenth century, when the IV. with Liver estate of the Moores, of Bank Hall, was acquired by purchase, CHAP. the Derby family possessed but little property within the be rough of Liverpool, but the intercourse between the great lord Intercourse ani the loyal burgesses was always of the most friendly character, pool. tre civic chair, between the years 1603 and 1707, having been £ed no less than eight times by either an Earl of Derby or by one of his sons. Tower. The existing representations of the Tower differ materially Views of the from each other, probably owing to alterations having been Eade from time to time. The only ground plan which can be at all relied on is that given in Perry's large map of 1769. Comparing together these various authorities, it would appear that the original structure consisted of a large square embattled tower, with subordinate towers, and buildings forming three 8. les of an interior quadrangle, which were altered from time to time as circumstances required. No stirring events stand out from the page of history as having occurred within its precincts, but occasional glimpses are caught, from passing notices in documents, of its existence and occupation. Leland, in his itinerary (1547), says, speaking Leland. of Liverpool, “* The King hath a castelet there, and the Erle of AD. 1547. Derby hath a stone house there." The rejoicings over the visit of the earl in the year 1577 Lave been recorded in a previous chapter. After the rising of 1715 some of the captured rebels were Rebel ested in the Tower. There is an entry in the Sheriff's prisoners. 1716. January 2. Paid for brickwork, building up the dows to prevent escapes, £7:0: 7d.” In 1734, James, Earl of Derby, being mayor at the time, James, Earl give a grand entertainment in the Tower to the council and the of Derby. prnopal inhabitants. Soon after this the building was sold to the Clayton family, and let to the Corporation for the borough In 1740 the chapel and other parts were fitted up as assembly r» n.s, and continued to be so occupied for many years. Sold to In 1775 it was purchased by the Corporation for the sum AD 1775. £1535: 10%. In the same year it was visited by John Corporation. Howard, the philanthropist, who describes it as out of repair, John we and dirty. He visited it again in 1779 and 1782, and Howard. reports some improvement in its condition. In 1788, two , Patrick Burns and Sylvester Dowling, were executed VOL. II. G CHAP. Tower as gaol. Tower destroyed. in front of the Tower for burglary at a house near St. Ann's Church. Howard's visits and reports led to the erection of the new gaol in Great Howard Street, as described in the preceding pages. Although the Tower did not belong to the Corporation, there s evidence that a portion of it had been used as a common gaol fr a long period previously. The condition of the prison and the treatment of the prisoners may be judged of from the following letter, which is extracted from a rare book published in 1691, entitled, "The Cry of the Oppressed Poor Debtors in England,” by Moses Pitt. "From the Gaol of Liverpoole in Lancashire." "Sir Thomas Morgan of Liverpoole, chyrurgeon, having a wife and five children, falling lame, for which reason he was not alde to follow his practice; his wife also at the same time fall:sick of a fever, and his children visited with the smallpox, fr.. to decay and was cast into the prison of Liverpoole for about £11 debt; the said prison being about 16 foot in length and 12 foot in breadth, in which was two houses of office, it being but one room and no yard to walk in. In which prison the sa. i Mr. Morgan was locked up a year and a quarter, in all whi h time neither he nor any of the other prisoners had any bedding. or straw to lodge on, nor any allowance of meat or drink, so that the said Mr. Morgan was necessitated to catch mice with a trap to eat, for to keep himself from starving; and also felons and highe waymen were put into the same prison with the debtors; of wh: h hard and barbarous usage of the said Mr. Morgan, his wife making complaint, and seeking redress, she also was sent to prison and shut up close prisoner in another room, and n suffered to come to her husband, she having at the same time a child of three months old sucking at her breast, without any allowance for her maintenance but what she had out of charity from her neighbours. Of all which barbarities the said Mr. Morgan complaining, instead of redress, the gaoler, Thomas R. ■, beat the said Mr. Morgan, and put him in irons." This relation was given under the hand of the said Mr. Morgan, November 7, 1690. Notwithstanding the erection of the New Borough Gaol in 1786, the old Tower continued to be occupied both by flon and debtors down to July 1811. It then remained unoccupied until 1819, when the building was pulled down and the materials sold by auction for £200. They were purchased by a corn miller, |