XVI. CHAP. amongst other places for "Toxteth, Smithdon Moss, and Letherpoole." Some further information on this subject will be f und in the chapter on Toxteth Park. Returning up the hill to Mason Street, from which we have been diverted by Mr. Williamson's "whims and oddities,” I would notice that the last house but one at the southern er 1, Dr. Raffles. on the west side, was long the residence of the Rev. T. R#«, LL.D., who has been mentioned in a previous chapter. The house was roomy and convenient, with a large garden bel.- 1, raised up on a high terrace, considerably above the level of the street. Many of the most eminent public men both of Er gland and America have here, at one time or another, been the doctor guests. His company was much sought after. His genial f w of conversation, full of anecdote and fun; his inimitable dramat.e power in telling a story, set off by his portly presence and tie silver tones of his voice; his extensive collection of autograr s and relics, many of them unique, which he delighted to ext..!. and to bring out their points to the best advantage—renderosi a visit to Mason Street something to be stored up in the mind for future pleasant reminiscence. High Street. Grinfield Mason Street was an ancient road, and the original houses were of a superior class. High Street (now Highgate Street) was a new street laid out before 1800. The first houses built were of a respectable class, set back in gardens; but, bef re many years had elapsed, the street was invaded by a low class of property, in courts and narrow streets extending back to Mason Street, which deteriorated the character of the neighbourhood, even before Mr. Williamson began his operations. Sidney Place, Clarence Street, Myers Street, and Edge Vale were commenced about 1815, with a class of neat small houses set back in gardens. The row of large houses called Grinfield Terrace, with garla plots in front, looking over Smithdown Lane westward, was commenced about 1818. The introduction of the London and North-Western Railway, with its goods station and ranges of coalyards along Crown Street, which commenced in 1831, has done much to change the character of the neighbourhood. Adjoining the railway yard White's Mill, stood until recently one of the windmills yet remaining in the borough, where a century ago they might have been counted by scores. Each of them has to be eked out by steam, and befre many years they will become things of the past. CHAP. XVI. Duke Street (now Marmaduke Street) and King Street (now Kinglake Street) were laid out about 1806. The continuation of the latter, called Queen Street, was first built on about Duke Street, 1821. Lord Street, the continuation of Duke Street, remained etc. open ground until 1832. The narrow dense cross streets connecting the two were filled up with buildings from 1850 to 1860. Place. The fine row of houses called Chatham Place was built Chatham about 1820. The chapel immediately opposite, with long lancet windows and porch, was built in 1861 by the New Connection Methodists. In 1868 it was transferred to the Independents or Congregationalists. The schools belonging to St. Mary's Church, on the west side of King Street, were built in 1861. The building is of white stone in a neat style of medieval architecture, from the designs of Mr. Denison Jee. Catholie On the east side of Lord Street stands the Roman Catholic st. Anne's Church of St. Anne, erected in 1844. It is a red stone Gothic Roman building, with nave, aisles, and chancel, and a boldly marked Church. west end tower, intended at some future period to carry a spire. The window tracery is of the fourteenth century geometrical character. The building as a whole possesses considerable merit, but from its unfortunate position it is hardly possible to see any portion of it except the west end. Down to the year 1847, the land between Lord Street and Tunnel Road, extending from Wavertree Road to Smithdown Lane, with some trifling exceptions, was open fields, belonging to Mr. William Chadwick and the Earle family. About that tume an impulse was given to building which resulted in carrying through the useful thoroughfare of Chatsworth Street from Chatsworth Wavertree Road to Smithdown Lane, and the filling up of the street, etc. large block between this and Lord Street. Between Chatsworth Street and Tunnel Road the colonisation has been at a later period. An influx of Welsh builders invaded Messrs. Earles' fields about 1863, and in a few years the whole surface north of the railway was covered with houses. The land south of the railway was developed at a later period, commencing with the opening out of Tunnel Road in 1867. By the year 1870 nearly the whole of the land west of Tunnel Road was occupied by Tunnel crowded streets. St. Catherine's Church, situated on the west side of Tunnel St Cathe Road near the railway, is a plain brick structure, intended as a working man's church. To criticise it severely would be unfair, the object of the structure being so laudable; but we shall see a little farther on what may be done under the same circum stances in an architectural point of view. An open piece of ground at the south end of Chatsworth Street, corner of Smithdown Lane, was occupied for some time as a public gymnasium, which was afterwards transferred to the opposite side of the road, and subsequently discontri Several of these gymnasia were established from 1858 to 186, at the expense of a benevolent gentleman of the town, azi afterwards transferred to the Corporation, to be maintained at the public expense. It cannot be said that they have been a success. Their object and purpose was doubtless praisewortry, but, in a large and mixed community, it too frequently happens that public facilities of a recreative kind are taken posses; n cể by the "roughs," leading to disorderly gatherings injurias to the neighbourhoods where they are placed. So it has been fund in the present instance, which has led to their discontinuance, The block of land east of Crown Street, as far as Smits, i›wn Lane, between Falkner Street and Upper Parliament Street, consisted of open fields down to 1834. It was then laid out for building and became rapidly covered with a dense mass-f narrow streets laid out very irregularly, owing to the frm «Ć the original divisions of the land, which have been followed in all their tortuous ramifications. The Patent Safe Works of Messrs. Milner and Son, which are situated in this block, have obtained a world-wide reputation. Originally established in Cable Street, they were removed to Smithdown Lane in 1853, and have been annually increasing in extent and power. Ty are carried on with great spirit, employing on the spot several hundreds of workmen. The Foundry and Engine Works of Messrs. Hamilton and Company (limited), formerly situated by the side of the railway, within a short distance, were esta” usled originally in 1847 by Messrs. Smith and Willey, who also carried on the works now occupied by Messrs. Miner and Sa They came into the hands of Messrs. Hamilton and Con pary about 1859, and gradually grew up to a very large extent, 1.1 have recently been removed to Garston. Within the block I have just been describing in a l crowded locality, which it would take a stranger some d “, si to find, at the corner of Pine, Grove, and Dinorlen Streetk stands the church of St. Nathaniel, erected in 18689. T. building is an excellent example of the effect which may be CHAP. XVI. produced by the skilful use of common materials. It is essentally a poor man's church, with nothing pretentious about it. The walls are common brick; the windows of the nave and st. Naaisles are mere plain lights with square sinkings; the roof is thaniel's Suished at the eaves with common iron spouts, and yet there is something about it noble, dignified, and effective. The plan has nave and aisles with clerestory. The east end has a semicircular apse. The tower at the north-west corner is bold and , with a handsome portal of moulded brick below, and large well-proportioned bell-chamber lights, three on each face above. The west front has two double-light windows, with geometrical tracery heads embraced under a bold arch, containing a circular enspated light, which produces a fine bold effect. Altogether the design is one of very satisfactory character for its purpose. The architect was Mr. David Walker. Proceeding along Smithdown Lane, without venturing for the present to intrude into the region of Toxteth Park, at Tunnel Road we arrive at the boundary of the Spekelands Spekelands. Estate, which extends to the limit of the township and borough, which are here conterminous. Speke, and Spike-lands are, in all probability, derived from spie, bacon; spicm, to fatten; as being covered with beech or other woods furnishing "mast" for feeding swine. The estate was purchased, near the close of the last century, by Mr. Thomas Earle, who had previously lived in Hanover Street. At first he resided at the Brook farm-house, which still stands on the property. About 1804-5 he erected the present Spekelands House, a large square building of white stone, where he resided till his decease in 1822. It was occupied by his widow for some years, and subsequently let to various persons, The estate is now ripe for the builder, and will doubtless VOL. II. 2 G CHAP. Site. Contour. CHAPTER XVIL TOXTETH PARK: MUNICIPAL PORTION. THE township of Toxteth Park, which adjoins the or borough and parish of Liverpool on the south, contains 237 acres, of which 1056, or nearly one-half, are included in t. municipal district, constituting two of the wards into which the municipality is divided. The surface is for the most part covered with clay, overlying the new red sandstone, moderately undulating in its contour, rising at its north-eastern extremity, at the Waterworks, Lodge Lane, to an elevation of 190 feet above the ses level. The frontage to the estuary of the Mersey from te Queen's Dock to Otterspool is a little above three m About midway the outcrop of the sandstone at Dingle Fark presents a bold promontory projecting into the river, ar i exercising an important influence on the current and direct, a of the tides. The watercourses at the Dingle and Otterspeed have scooped out two picturesque little valleys, which Lave been planted and laid out with considerable taste by t...r respective owners. For the earliest specific information respecting Toxteth Domesday. Park we must, as usual, turn to the Domesday Survey. F: this we learn that at the date of the record the man-r waS divided between two thanes, Bernulf and Stainulf, each of win held one virgate and half a carucate of land, at the rent-t f shillings,1 Name. The name in Domesday Book is spelled St chestole, 1 A carucate was the quantity which could be kept in ཝཱནྟི |